Boarwood

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Boarwood
Common wedge (Artemisia abrotanum)

Common wedge ( Artemisia abrotanum )

Systematics
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Sub tribus : Artemisiinae
Genre : Artemisia
Type : Boarwood
Scientific name
Artemisia abrotanum
L.
Rungs of the boarwood

The common rue ( Artemisia abrotanum ) is a species of the genus Artemisia in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is used as a medicinal and aromatic plant.

description

Appearance and foliage leaf

The rowan tree grows as a subshrub or perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of usually 50 to 130, rarely up to 170 centimeters. It is fragrant. The roots are thick and lignified. Each plant forms a relatively large number of upright, branched stems that can become lignified at their base and are brown, bald or sparsely hairy.

The alternate leaves are stalked. With a length of (2 to) usually 3 to 6 centimeters and a width of 0.2 to 1.5 millimeters, the leaf blade is broadly ovate in outline and has two to three pinnate parts. The leaf sections are linear to thread-shaped. The upper side of the leaf is bare and the underside of the leaf is sparsely hairy.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from late summer to autumn. At a height of 10 to 30 centimeters and a diameter of 2 to 10 centimeters, widely branched total inflorescences are arranged numerous, nodding, relatively small cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The egg-shaped cup shell (involucre) contains many, roof-tile-like arranged, pressed and sparsely hairy, elongated-elliptical bracts . The flat bottom of the cup has no chaff leaves .

The flowers are all tubular. The 14 to 16 (rarely up to 20) in the middle are hermaphroditic and the mostly four to eight (rarely up to 15) marginally female. The glandular, yellow petals are fused into a 0.5 to 1 millimeter long tube.

The bald and often light brown achenes are ellipsoidal, two to five-sided and weakly ribbed with a length of 0.5 to 1 millimeter.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ingredients

The rowan tree contains 0.18 to 1.4% essential oil , 2 to 3% abrotanin and bitter substances . Depending on the chemical race, the main ingredient is either 1,8-cineole (up to 60%) or thujone (up to 70%). Other ingredients are Fenchene , sabinene , α-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene. Rowan oil contains the heterocyclic sesquiterpenes davanol, davanone and hydroxydavanone. Non-volatile ingredients are the alkaloid abrotin, coumarins (isofraxidin, umbelliferone), flavone glycosides (rutin) and free flavonol ethers (various dimethyl ethers of quercetin ). The bitter taste is caused by sesquiterpene lactones (absinthine) and the glycoside rutin .

distribution

Probably originating from the Near East, the Eberraute found its place in many monastery gardens of the Middle Ages. Their original homeland ranges from Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia to the southern European part of Russia and Ukraine to Turkey , Armenia and the foothills of the Caucasus . It is widely grown. The wildwood is wild in many areas.

In the Austrian federal states of Burgenland , Lower Austria , Vienna and Carinthia as well as in the Italian province of South Tyrol, the Eberraute occurs inconsistently and rarely only in overgrown stocks.

use

The plant seems to have been cultivated in Germany from the 9th and 10th centuries. The Capitulare de villis vel curtis imperii and other garden inventories they call "Abrotanum". The abbot Walahfrid Strabo said in the 9th century that it had as many advantages as leaves. For example, they were used to drive away flies and parasites ( repellants ). It is gaining popularity again as an ornamental plant in "dry gardens", "rock gardens", "steppe gardens" or "gravel gardens" because it is drought tolerant.

Eberraute in the kitchen

Rowan is no longer a common aromatic plant today . There are two types of culture: One with an obtrusive lemon odor ("lemon berry rue") and a newer one that smells even stronger ("battle berry rue", "camphor rue"). Because of its intense and bitter taste, it must be dosed carefully. As a seasoning herb, Eberraute is mainly suitable for refining fatty meat. The bitter substances develop an appetite and digestive effect. Sometimes it is also added to tender meat. Similar to parsley , it can be integrated into a bouquet garni .

Eberraute in medicine

According to Madaus , most authors used the herb or the top shoots, some also used the seeds. At Hippocrates, the plant cleanses the uterus, accelerates births and helps with pneumonia. Columella names them for abdominal pain in animals, Pliny as a component of ointments, Scribonius Largus with wine for aconite poisoning and tightness in the chest, Dioscorides for shortness of breath, internal fractures, cramps, hip pain, as a diuretic , emmenagogue and antidote . The Middle Ages used Abrotanum as in ancient times, for example for shortness of breath, jaundice , maternal ailments and wounds. Hildegard von Bingen mentions it in a recipe for gastric wine. According to Madaus, Paracelsus ' indications are nerve pain, spasm, weak limbs, asthma, cough, hip pain, vaginal ulcers , roundworms , as a diuretic and emmenagogue. This can also be found in Lonicerus' Kreuterbuch (1564), who recommends the herb with celery for urinary stones , externally for boils , with radish oil for hair loss and fever. Matthiolus' New-Kreuterbuch (1626) mentions rodwort for asthma , urinary retention , urinary urgency and hip pain. Hecker's Practical Medicine (1814) compares it with the effects of chamomile, Osiander's folk medicine ( 1829) calls it for menstrual colic . According to Madaus, Abrotanum is also used in tuberculosis of the intestine, lung and abdominal water with cachexia , anemia , gastric ulcer , rheumatism , gout , chilblains , elephantiasis , folk medicine also boiled externally with beer against dandruff. The Homeopathy knows Abrotanum in umbilical secretions from newborns or in case of diarrhea, alternating with stomachache, hemorrhoids rheumatism, with emaciation despite cravings. According to Tabernaemontanus 1625, 1588, Eberraute - called by him "Stabwurz" - helped against "the germ and heart lock" and "kills and drives out the worms of old people and young children" when it is "powdered and taken with milk or honey" becomes. According to Nicholas Culpeper ( The English Physitian Enlarged ), boarwood was also a wonderful remedy for male baldness: “The ashes of the boarwood are mixed with old salad oil and help those who have lost their hair and who are bald, that their hair grow back, either on the head or on the beard. ”Medical effects have been found for nervous stomach problems. An appetite stimulating effect has also been confirmed.

Eberraute in superstition

The popular name for Eberraute is in English "maiden's ruin" ("Jungfernverderb", in German also "Jungfernleid"), which alludes to its alleged effect as an aphrodisiac.

If you wanted to win a girl's love, you had to slip a few twigs of boarweed under her apron ribbon unnoticed. But because love was only bewitched, it only lasts a few years before turning into the opposite. Maybe that's why the plant is called Kiss-me-quick-and-go in English .

Those who feared falling asleep during the church sermon on Sundays should carry some twigs of boar's lozenge with them, because their scent will keep you lively during the longest sermon.

Taxonomy

The first publication was made of this kind in 1753 under the name Artemisia abrotanum by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, page 845. A homonym is Artemisia abrotanum Thunb. It was published in Carl Peter Thunberg : Flora Japonica, ... p. 309, in 1784 . Carl Ludwig Willdenow published this species again in 1818 under the name Artemisia procera in Species Plantarum. Editio Quarta. Berolini , Volume 3, Edition 3. Since the name published first has priority , these names are synonyms . Further synonyms are Artemisia elatior Klokov , Artemisia herbacea Willd. , Artemisia paniculata Lam. and Artemisia proceriformis Krasch.

etymology

The German common name Eberraute should not suggest any relationship with the rhombus , this plant species has nothing to do with a boar either; “Eberraute” is possibly just a corruption of the Latin-Thracian abrotanum , which in Greek should be used as “habrótanon”.

Probably folk-tymologically, the common name Eberraute is derived from the old German “ Aber ”, as in the case of the mountain ash , in the sense of “false diamond”.

It is also called rodwort, boar rice, Gartheil or pastor's herb. . Other names: NHG Eberreis , Abraute or But diamond , Tender mugwort ; Latin abrotanum masculinum (in contrast to the female abrotanum feminum , which probably meant the "mugwort tree" Artemisia arborescens L. ).

In the German-speaking area, the following other trivial names are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally: Abereis, Abergans ( Low German ), Aberon, Aberzwurz ( Middle High German ), Abrand, Abraut ( Tyrol ), Abrauten, Abriza (Middle High German), Abruten , Tee, Aeberraute, Aeberreiss ( Thuringia ), Aebri (Middle High German), Affrude ( Hamburg ), Affrutsch, Alprausch (Middle High German), Alpraute, Alprute (Middle High German), Ambrund ( East Frisia ), Anruten ( Austria ), Aue, Aufrutsch, Averonde, Avered ( Middle Low German ), Averitze (Middle Low German), Averöde (Middle Low German), Averute (Middle Low German), Awetze ( Hessen near Fritzlar ), Barthün ( Wasungen ), Barthuhn, Besenkraut, Colakraut, Ebberwurz (Middle High German), Eberreis ( Württemberg , Wetterau ), Ebereiss (Middle High German), Ebereize (Middle High German), Eberich (Middle High German), Eberroth ( Rendsburg pharmacy), Eberwurz (Middle Low German and Middle High German), Eb reiss, Ebrist, Ebritten, Elfrad, Everik (Middle Low German), Evritte (Middle Low German), Everitte (Middle Low German), Everrude (Hamburg, Middle Low German), Everwort (Middle Low German), Evritte (Middle High German), Ganferkraut, Gandago ( Old High German ), Gartenhain (Hesse) ), Gartenhan (Hessen, Henneberg), Gartenheil, Garthade (Middle High German), Garthagen, Garthaglen (Middle High German), Gartham (Middle High German), Garthan, Garthayen (Middle High German), Gartheil ( Silesia ), Garthrim, Gartwurz, Gentwurz, Gertel (as early as 1478 mentioned), Gertelkraut, Gertwurz, Girtwurz, Gürtelen ( Swabia ), Gürtelkraut ( Memmingen ), Gurtel (mentioned as early as 1482), Herrgotthölzel (Austria), Hofrun ( Bremen ), Iverunt (Middle High German), Kampferkraut ( Switzerland ), Kindelkraut, Küttelkraut, Kutelkraut, Kuttelkraut, Pustreifk ( Pomerania ), Queritte, Sabwurz (Middle High German), Schabwurz (Middle High German), Schabawurz (Middle High German, in the sense of Stabwurz), Rülich (Middle High German) h), Schlosswurz ( Basel ), Schosswurz, Schuchwurz (Middle High German), Schweizerthen ( Bern ), Schwertzwurz (Middle High German), Stabwurz herb (Switzerland), Stabwurz (Old High German), Staffwurz, Stagewurz, Stallwurz, Dustwurz (Middle High German), Stavenwort (Middle Low German) , Stavewurz, Staworzel, Ziegenbart (Henneberg) and lemon herb (Switzerland, Thuringia).

history

swell

Historical illustrations

See also

swell

  • Leila M. Shultz: Anthemideae : Artemisia abrotanum. P. 522 - Online. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York et al. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 . (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Leila M. Shultz: Anthemideae : Artemisia abrotanum. P. 522 - Online. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York et al. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 .
  2. ↑ a b Eberraute (Artemisia abrotanum L.) in Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages .
  3. ↑ a b Botanical Garden of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg: Spice plants in the field. compiled by Prof. Dr. A. Hohenester and gardening inspector J. Stiglmayr, 3rd edition 1994.
  4. ↑ a b Artemisia abrotanum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 923 .
  6. ^ Gerhard Madaus: Textbook of biological remedies. Volume I. Olms, Hildesheim / New York 1976, ISBN 3-487-05890-1 , pp. 359-360 (reprint of the Leipzig 1938 edition) (online)
  7. ^ Gerhard Madaus: Textbook of biological remedies. Volume I. Olms, Hildesheim / New York 1976, ISBN 3-487-05890-1 , pp. 357-364 (reprint of the Leipzig 1938 edition) (online)
  8. ↑ Georgos Vithoulkas: Homeopathic Medicines. Materia Medica Viva. Volume I. Elsevier, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-437-55061-4 , pp. 25-34.
  9. ↑ HERB BOOK BY JACOBUS THEODORUS "TABERNAEMONTANUS" ANNO 1625 : ABOUT THE BARNED HERB OR STABWURTZ AND ITS GENES .
  10. ↑ Hand Dictionary of German superstition: C - wearing - Volume 1 of Handwoerterbuecher to German folklore Series - reference books to German folklore. Department 1 , Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer & Hanns Baechtold-Staeubli (editors), de Gruyter 1929/1930 - Reprint 2010/1974: Google-Books-Online. Eberreis on pages 527-529
  11. ^ Matthias Alter, cloister gardening: Laacher herb leaves - Eberraute . ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 111 kB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.maria-laach.de
  12. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  13. ^ Artemisia abrotanum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  14. ↑ Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Artemisia abrotanum. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube: Compositae. The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Euro + Med Editorial Committee, January 2011, accessed on March 25, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Data sheet - Plants of the Capitulare de Villis - The Karlsgarten .
  16. ↑ See also Petrus Uffenbach (Ed.): Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbaei Kraeuterbuch [...] (translated into German by Johannes Danzius), Frankfurt am Main (by Johann Bringern) 1610, p. 166 f. ("Stabwurtz - Abrotonum [...] is two sexes: the Maennlin and Weiblin. The Weiblin grows like a Baeumlin [...]").
  17. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 41 f., Online.
  18. ↑ Heinrich Marzell : Dictionary of German plant names. 5 volumes, Leipzig, from volume 3 Stuttgart / Wiesbaden, volume I, p. 413.
  19. ↑ Pedanios Dioscurides . 1st century De Medicinali Materia libri quinque. Translation. Julius Berendes . Pedanius Dioscurides' medicine theory in 5 books. Enke, Stuttgart 1902, p. 280 (Book III, Chapter 26): Abrotonum (digitized version )
  20. ↑ Pliny the Elder , 1st century. Naturalis historia Book XXI, Chapter 92 (§ 160–162): Habrotanum (digitized version ) ; Translation Külb 1855 (digitized version )
  21. ↑ Galen , 2nd century. De simplicium medicamentorum temperamentis ac facultatibus , Book VI, Chapter I / 1 (based on the Kühn 1826 edition, Volume XI, pp. 798-807): De abrotono et absinthio (digitized version )
  22. ↑ Pseudo-Dioscorides de herbis femininis . 6th century edition: HF Kästner. Pseudo-Dioscorides de herbis femininis. In: Hermes. Volume 31 (1896), Chapter 69: Abrotanum (digitized version )
  23. ↑ Avicenna , 11th century, Canon of Medicine . Translation and adaptation by Gerhard von Cremona , Arnaldus de Villanova and Andrea Alpago (1450–1521). Basel 1556, Volume II, Chapter 68: Abrotanum (digitized version ) , Chapter 86: Berengesif (digitized version )
  24. ↑ Constantine the African , 11th century Liber de gradibus simplicium . Pressure. Opera . Basel 1536, p. 363: Abrotanum (digitized version )
  25. ^ Pseudo-Serapion 13th century, print. Venice 1497, sheet 143r (No 317): Abrotanum (digitized)
  26. ↑ Walahfrid Strabo 9th century Liber de cultura hortorum . Edition: Ludwig Choulant . Macer floridus des virtutibus herbarum una cum Walafridi Strabonis… Carminibus… Leipzig 1832. No. 5 (digitized version)
  27. ^ Pseudo-Macer Cap. 2: Abrotanum Edition: Ludwig Choulant. Leipzig 1832, p. 29 (digitized version)
  28. ^ German Macer . After: Bernhard Schnell, William Crossgrove: The German Macer. Vulgate version. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2003, p. 363 (Chapter 2). Cpg 226 , Alsace 1459–1469, sheet 180r – v: Abrothanum (digital copy ) . Transcription: (. Ij. Abrothanum is called ebreis or garcham The krut is hot vnd ​​drocken on the dryten grade (Whoever sudet vnd ​​nuczet the same krut it helps to the veins when they are of cold nature It also helps before the giggle and dispels the cough (It also helps whoever is sick (It is also good to use the frawen what is the frail thing in the secret place and clean them up to see if they have been on it for too long (and also clean the person who you work with you do and clean them boast about all these things that are called here is ebreiß goodness whoever you raw or fresh with win jn gruset vnd ​​mashed vnd ußringet vnd ​​also trincket (Eberwurcz is also good for a hand that is called Sciatica / that is the loin addicted who uses it as duror writes steadily (it is also well eaten against poisoned (the smell of the eberwurcz drowns the slang) (it is also good against the cold if you touch it with water and drink when you get cold if you do n coated herself with the oley because she is boiled (hereditary rice, pressed thickly, spreads and kills the spindle worms (those who swear the eyes and the great heat of the sol nemen need a white crumbly bread and a quintin boarwurcz and boil it in water and stir the Eyes so that the heat and the eyes swer (Ebreis boiled and pounded with smer and leyed on there is a stick or arrow sticks it to the bottom //
  29. ^ Charles Victor Daremberg and Friedrich Anton Reuss (1810–1868). S. Hildegardis Abbatissae Subtilitatum Diversarum Naturarum Creaturarum Libri Novem. Physica , Book I, Chapter 106: Stagwurtz . Migne, Paris 1855. Sp. 1171 (digitized version ) - Translation: Herbert Reier: Hildegard von Bingen Physica. Translated into German after the text edition by JP Migne, Paris 1882. Kiel 1980, p. 86. Stagwurtz is warm and dry, and its smell, when someone anoints themselves with it, because of its scent, arouses melancholy and hot anger in people and tires their head. But if grinning begins to grow on a person's head, its juice is poured on those ulcers and it is healed. And where buln rise in a person's body, or where one of his limbs is cramped, one should crush Stagwurtz and put it around it, and its juice is also smeared on the spot. And he'll be better off. If, however, mange and cramped limbs linger, the boar's cane should be removed quickly, because it then damages rather than good. And if someone is tormented in his limbs by the gout, he takes enough stagwurtz and enough old fat and some tree oil, white them together in a crucible and put it so warm on the limbs in which the gout rests, pull it with a bandage together and do this often, then the gout will give way.
  30. ↑ Galangal Spice Treatise 13th / 14th century. Latin: Clm 13 076 , no place, 1356, sheet 22r – v: Abrotanum (digitized version ) - Alemannic: Cpg 620 recipe collection, Northern Bavaria, around 1450, sheet 88r – v: Abrotanum haist gertel and it is a noble result-tasting krawt and if you sew it with wine and because the wine is warm so nuchter trincket it crushes everything in manoeuvrable floor space plůt there are vallen or wounds in the body it makes people talk too who has lost his red through big work or by running fast or tired of the rest when drinking it with wine or with ainem met (digitalisat)
  31. ↑ Michael Puff . Little book about the burnt-out waters . 15th century print Augsburg (Johannes Bämler) 1478: Gertelen wasser (digitized)
  32. ↑ Cpg 583 , Süd-West-Deutschland, 1453–1483, Blatt 19r – v: Abruten (digitalisat) Abruten is a good krawtt and has xij virtue If you have eyes to shoot, you can cut down and prosem from ainem wayczen prot and apples alike cook and sal then do the same thing with each other and put on the towel with a towel and the water is wonderful for that shot Item for the swindle Man sal abrawtten in water syeden so green and drink from it soberling that helps wol Qui loquitur jn sompno remedium Man sal abrawtten in essich would like to boil and drink from it that helps the prust and helps against the huesten and makes the water gelider fresh and helps vast who dÿ lenndt we do whoever thinks well hats Man sal off sam so rawch with drinking wine that helps against dÿ ader man sol abrawten vnd concretes together take this help wol Contra febres Man sal abrawten sam smelled drinking wine ee vnd jn die febres berurent Who is against all febres hats well vnd against scorpian and other poisons animal Man sal dÿ abrawt with oil boiling and sal with it smear the body that helps against dÿe febres and against the scorpion and against other poisons animal In the pauch who has darjn worm Man often abrawtten drink that kills the worm jm pauch Who doesn’t like to throw the prunn off. So smell with drinking wine that helps the water of the exit or you let it pour into water and drink from it. Whether a fraw talkative sip at jr ugly place. You don’t like to smell the water and then drink it that helps the frawen against all talk at jr haymlichen stat. Whether a fraw nit vertig seÿ at jrer haymlichen announces Man sal abrawtten sam so smelled cestle and drink with wine That helps dÿ vnsawbrichait against suder treyben Or you say it [into] water and pour it down drink
  33. ↑ Herbarius Moguntinus , Mainz 1484, Part I, Chapter 2: Abrotanum stabwortzel (digitized version
  34. ↑ Gart der Gesundheit . Mainz 1485, Chapter 2: Abrotanum Stabworcz (digitized version )
  35. ↑ Hortus sanitatis 1491, Mainz 1491, Part I, Chapter 2: Abrotanum (digitized version )
  36. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig . Small distilling book , Strasbourg 1500, sheet 104v – 105v: Schoß wurtz (digital copy )
  37. ↑ Paracelsus - Oporinus . Scholia & Observationes quaedam perutiles in Macri Poemata de Virtutibus Herbarum, & c. quas Ioh. Oporinus (dum per triennium aut ultra Theophrasti esset Amanuensis) ex ore dictantis studiose exceperat. (Useful comments and observations on the Macer poems about the powers of medicinal plants, which Johannes Oporinus - three years or more scribe of Paracelsus - has eagerly selected from the heard.) Huser edition of the works of Paracelsus, Basel 1590, part 7, p 238–240: De Abrotano (digitized version )
  38. ↑ Otto Brunfels . Another part of the Teütschen Contrafayten Kreüterbůchs . Johann Schott, Strasbourg 1537, p. 113: Stabwurtz (digitized version )
  39. ↑ Hieronymus Bock . New Kreütter Bůch . Wendel Rihel, Strasbourg 1539, Part I, Chapter 112: Stabwurtz, Gertwurtz (digitized version )
  40. ↑ Leonhart Fuchs . New Kreütterbuch… Michael Isingrin, Basel 1543, Chapter 2: Staubwurtz (digitized version )
  41. ^ Pietro Andrea Mattioli . Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de medica materia. Translation by Georg Handsch, edited by Joachim Camerarius the Younger , Johan Feyerabend, Franckfurt am Mayn 1586, sheet 235 (digitized)
  42. ↑ Tabernaemontanus . Neuw Kreuterbuch. Nicolaus Basseus, Franckfurt am Mayn 1588, sheet 61–70: Gertenkraut or Stabwurtz (digitized version )
  43. ↑ Nicolas Lémery . Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples. , Paris 1699, p. 2: Abrotanum (digitized version ) ; Translation. Complete material lexicon. Initially designed in French, but now after the third edition, which has been enlarged by a large [...] edition, translated into high German / By Christoph Friedrich Richtern, [...] Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Braun, 1721, column 3 (digitized )
  44. ↑ Albrecht von Haller (Ed.): Onomatologia medica completa or Medicinisches Lexicon which clearly and completely explains all names and artificial words which are peculiar to the science of medicine and pharmacy [...] Gaumische Handlung, Ulm / Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1755, Sp. 4 Abrotanum (digitized version )
  45. ^ William Cullen, A treatise of the materia medica. Charles Elliot, Edinburgh 1789. Volume II, p. 82: Abrotanum (digitized) . German. Samuel Hahnemann . Schwickert, Leipzig 1790. Volume II, p. 97: Rod root (digitized version )
  46. ↑ Brigitte Hoppe. Hieronymus Bock's herbal book. Scientific historical investigation. With a list of all plants in the work, the literary sources of the medicinal indications and the uses of the plants. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1969, p. 188.

Web links

Commons : Eberraute  - album with pictures, videos and audio files