Satu Mare

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Satu Mare
Sathmar
Szatmárnémeti
Coat of arms of Satu Mare
Satu Mare (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Sathmar
Circle : Satu Mare
Coordinates : 47 ° 47 '  N , 22 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '5 "  N , 22 ° 52' 25"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 127  m
Residents : 102,411 (October 20, 2011)
Postal code : 440xxx
Telephone code : (+40) 02 61
License plate : SM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : Municipality
Structure : 1 District / cadastral municipality: Sătmărel
Lord Mayor : Gábor Kereskényi ( UDMR )
Postal address : Piața 25 Octombrie, no. 1
loc. Satu Mare, RO-440026
Website :
Satu Mare (red square) - Romania - Neighboring towns: Zalău , Dej , Baia Mare , Oradea , Carei , Mukachevo ( Ukraine )
View over the city, on the left the 97 meter high town hall built in 1984
Trilingual sign for an authority in Sathmar: in Romanian, Hungarian and German
Museum in the center of Sathmar

Satu Mare ( German Sathmar , Yiddish סאטמאר (Satmar), Hungarian Szatmárnémeti ) is the capital of the district of the same name in Romania .

Geographical location

In the historical region of Sathmar , the north-westernmost city of Romania is located close to the border with Hungary on the Someș (Somesch) river .

history

Archaeological finds from Țara Oașului , Ardud , Medieș etc. testify to the settlement of the area around Satu Mare as early as the Stone and Bronze Ages. Many of the finds can be assigned to the Geten and Dacians who used to live here. The area remained inhabited even after it was conquered by the Romans. Documented Satu Mare is the first time under the name Castrum Zothmar in a Hungarian chronicle mentioned in the 10th century. At the time, as a fortress, it was part of a voivodeship ruled by Menumorut . In 1006 settlers of German descent were settled in the area of ​​the fortress by the wife of the Hungarian King Stephen I the Holy , Queen Gisela . At the same time, German settlers lived in the then still independent city of Mintiu on the other side of the Someș River .

After 1543 the fortress was in the hands of the Bathory family. It was reinforced and a moat was built. It was destroyed during the siege by the Ottomans in 1562 and later by the Habsburgs . The Austrian General Lazarus von Schwendi had it rebuilt in the Italian style in the form of a pentagon by the architect Ottavio Baldigara .

On April 29, 1711, the conflicting parties to the Kuruc Uprising concluded the Peace of Sathmar in the city .

In 1721 Satu Mare was united with Mintiu as a royal free city and flourished as a center for trade and handicrafts. Much of the city was rebuilt in the 18th century.

Since the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, the city , which used to be mainly inhabited by Hungarians, and its eastern hinterland have belonged to Romania . After the Second Vienna Arbitration Award in August 1940, Satu Mare belonged again to Hungary , but was captured by Soviet troops in autumn 1944 and has been part of Romanian territory since then. Since the Second World War, the ethnic composition of the population has changed permanently due to the Holocaust of the Jews, the influx of Romanians and the flight or emigration of almost all Germans.

Today the largest number of Hasidic - Jewish communities of the Satmarians came into being here. Its headquarters have been in New York City since the Holocaust .

population

The population of the place developed as follows:

census Ethnic composition
year population Romanians Hungary German other
1880 20,531 1,736 17,555 759 481
1930 53,010 17,679 21,940 944 12,447
1977 103,544 52,855 48,861 993 835
1992 131,987 72,677 56,955 1,833 522
2002 115.142 66,638 45,298 1,607 1,599

traffic

The European route 81 runs through Satu Mare and the European route E 671 from Timișoara (Timisoara) also ends here. The airfield Satu Mare International Airport (IATA: SUJ, ICAO: LRSM) is located about 14 km south of the city. It is one of the oldest commercial airports in Romania. In the city itself, the Satu Mare tram ran between November 8, 1900 and 1920, and there was also a trolleybus service from November 15, 1994 to March 9, 2005 .

Buildings

Arts and Culture

  • Dinu Lipatti Philharmonic
  • German youth organization "Together"
  • Teatru de Nord theater
  • Jewish Cemetery

Town twinning

Satu Mare is twinned with:

Personalities

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Satu Mare  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Satu Mare  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ Census, last updated March 3, 2010 (Hungarian; PDF; 1.1 MB)
  4. ↑ Information about the twin cities on the website of Satu Mare
  5. ↑ Sándor Halmosi at oszk.hu (Hungarian; PDF)