Itzling (Salzburg)

The Itzling district

Itzling is a district and a cadastral municipality in the north of the city of Salzburg in Austria on the right side of the Salzach .

location

Old house number plate in the Schallmoos district; the name Itzling refers to the situation in the cadastral community

The settlement area of ​​the district is in the west by the Salzach, in the north by the slopes of the Plainberg and the Westautobahn (A1) , in the east by the Westbahn , in the southeast by the tracks of the main train station of Salzburg and in the south by August-Gruber-Straße as well as the Erzherzog-Eugen-Straße. Around 9,000 people live in the Itzling district.

The boundaries of the cadastral community of Itzling can only be conclusively explained in a historical context. The cadastral community of Itzling (whose boundaries are not identical to those of the district) also includes the northern outskirts of the Schallmoos district as well as areas on the orographically left side of the Salzach, especially the Salzburg exhibition center next to Itzlinger Au ( Liefering district ) and the residential area south of it to to Franz-Martin-Straße ( Lehen district ).

history

A small Bronze Age settlement was already known in the Itzling area. As a place name (Uzilinga), the term goes back to the Bavarian land acquisition and is derived from a diminutive of Utto ( Udo ), U (t) zilo; With the typical Bavarian final syllable -ing , places were designated as settlement sites for a person and his relatives. The former village of Itzling was located on the then insignificant road connection between Salzburg and Bergheim . It is mentioned as "Uzilinga" in the Notitia Arnonis as early as 790 and at that time had 20 hooves , some of which were cultivated and some were not.

On the occasion of his appointment as Duke of Bavaria in 711, Theodbert, son of Theodo, gave the place to the Salzburg bishop. Since the main traffic artery to the north was always on the other bank of the Salzach and led via Liefering -Rott and Saaldorf, which is now on the Bavarian side, to Laufen , Itzling remained of little importance for a long time. The place developed very slowly on the edge of the settlement, to which the Salzach with its wide gravel banks and many side arms connected in the west and where at times a narrow alluvial forest could develop ("Caspisau"). In the east was the wide Itzlinger Moos, the western part of which was called Schallmoos (the word derives from the "shell" moss) and the eastern part of which was the Langmoos. Itzling's houses were probably scattered around the edge of this extensive Itzlinger moor. In the Middle Ages, near today's Itzling - possibly on the Plainberg - there was the country seat of a ministerial knight.

Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau , who at the very edge of the Itzlinger Moor with Altenau Castle (today Mirabell ) tried to cultivate the area in front of the city for the first time on a small scale, released this marshy area for settlement. Previously there were probably only a few fishermen in the hamlet of Itzling (away from the knightly country house and possibly a mill on the Alterbach ). In 1552 there were only twelve houses in the entire landscape area in front of the Linzertor, and most of these were not in Itzling, but on the then Linzerstraße towards Gnigl or on Kapuzinerberg .

The first farm estates probably came into being after the partial drainage of the Itzlinger Moos (more precisely the westernmost part of the Schallmoos) under Archbishop Paris von Lodron . This drainage took place in 1625-1644 by the many soldiers stationed here, but not directly fighting. Lodron also built the Fürstenweg across the Itzlinger Moos, today's Vogelweiderstraße, as a narrow prince-archbishop's roadway, on which mansions and associated Meierhöfe gradually settled, some of which belonged to the cathedral chapter, some to the Count Lodron, the Hofurbar or a few free citizens.

Josef Mayburger: View of the city of Salzburg from the Plainberg (1881), with a view of the Itzling area

Around 1800 Itzling (historical center without scattered country houses) was still a sleepy hamlet with about six small farms that did not yet have its own church. The only house in the center of Itzling that has survived from this period is the former Höschmanngut (Itzlinger Hauptstrasse 58). At that time there were also two mills not far from Itzling am Alterbach, the Graben and Kreuzermühle. In the course of using the up to 40 m thick layer of clay under the peat of the bog for brick extraction, various ponds and ponds were created east of the town of Itzling, almost all of which were later filled in again.

Before 1848 Itzling was a small independent community. In 1848 Itzling came to the community of Gnigl as a district and, after a community reform, formed the double community of Gnigl-Itzling. The village experienced an upswing, but also a simultaneous change to a workers' and railway station, with the construction of the Westbahn (1860), the Giselabahn (1875) and the Salzkammergut Local Railway (popularly known as "Ischlerbahn"), which opened in 1891 and closed in 1957 . The Salzburg – Lamprechtshausen railway line , built in 1896, today connects the city with the surrounding northern Flachgau region . It is operated by Salzburg AG and is integrated into the Salzburg S-Bahn network.

Right bank of the Salzach with Itzling and Maria Plain

With the construction and operation of the new railway lines, Itzling took a tremendous boom in a short time and became a place for railway workers and workers. In 1868 Itzling had 400 inhabitants, in 1910 there were already ten times as many (3980 inhabitants). It was not until 1903 that today's parish church (its own parish since 1912) was consecrated to St. Anthony of Padua . The part of Itzling close to the city was incorporated in 1935, the remaining, larger part in 1939. The Plainberg with the pilgrimage church Maria Plain , which was also part of the city of Salzburg through the incorporation in 1939 and bordering Itzling, was reunified in 1950 in the course of an area swap with the original municipality of Bergheim near Salzburg to a narrow strip of land on the right of the Salzach up to the new slaughterhouse. This part exchanged with the slaughterhouse settlement is now called Itzling-Nord.

Itzling today

Facade of "Alpenmilch Salzburg" with the product logo used until 2013

Today Itzling is a densely built-up residential area in large areas and a pulsating industrial area along Schillerstrasse and Raiffeisenstrasse with the parallel tracks of the local railway . There are large farms there, especially the Salzburger Milchhof and the grain silo of the Raiffeisen Association on Itzlinger Hauptstrasse. The "Techno-Z", a center for companies in the high-tech sector as well as research and training facilities, is also located here.

In autumn 2006, the radical renovation project Raiffeisenstrasse / Schillerstrasse began and all the buildings on the Schillerstrasse on the railway side were demolished. In a major construction project, Schillerstrasse and the OMV petrol station were relocated to the railway, in order to enable the expansion of the Salzburg dairy farm, which was considering moving due to an urgent expansion. In the course of this, more space was created for the Techno-Z. The newly built Rosa-Kerschbaumer-Strasse, parallel to the local railway, is a reminder of the first female doctor to practice in Austria, Rosa Kerschbaumer-Putjata (1851–1923).

The Techno-Z and the Science City

The district of Itzling has developed into an important school and educational location since 1980 (vocational schools, arts grammar school, higher technical federal school, Techno-Z / university).

Part of the Techno-Z

The Techno-Z was founded in 1988 with the aim of promoting research, training and networking. In addition to various companies, public institutions such as the Landesforschungsgesellschaft Salzburg Research , the Department of Computer Science of the University of Salzburg , the Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics - Z_GIS and the Austrian Domain Management (Nic.at) gradually settled there. From 1995 until the move to Puch / Urstein in 2005, the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences was also located there. In 2005, the Vocational Promotion Institute (BfI) took over the building of the technical college. In 2012 the Coworking Space Salzburg was founded in Techno-Z. The higher technical federal teaching and research institute in Salzburg is also located next to the Techno-Z . In 2002 the city of Salzburg decided to set up a Science City as a location for training, research and development. In this context, the IQ - Internationales Quartier building was built parallel to the newly laid out Rosa Kerschbaumer Strasse and completed in 2008. Several companies and public institutions such as the iSPACE studio of Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft and the Salzburg Institute for Spatial Planning & Housing - SIR, moved there. In March 2017, the laboratory building for the chemistry and physics department of the materials was opened and put into operation.

In the Science City area there are infrastructural facilities such as bars, apartments for students and researchers, a youth center, a crèche and the Itzling police.

Itzling and its parts

Itzling Mitte with the Itzlinger church district

→ Main article : Itzling Mitte

Itzling Mitte - Ischlerbahnstrasse

Today's urban church settlement emerged from an old farming village as early as 1900 and developed into a closed settlement area on both sides of Itzlinger Hauptstrasse in the interwar period in the old, independent community of Gnigl-Itzling. There were also larger settlement cores south of today's Higher Technical Federal College and in the northeast between the Alterbach in the north and the Westbahn in the east.

In the course of further development after the Second World War, the meadows and fields between Itzlinger Hauptstraße and the local railway line and the open spaces between Itzlinger Hauptstraße and today's Ischlerbahnstraße were built in step by step.

Itzling West

→ Main article : Itzling West

• The Ausraßensiedlung

The name of the settlement is reminiscent of the narrow strip of alluvial forest that formed after the regulation of the Salzach to the west of Itzlinger Hauptstrasse. The construction of this stripping took place on both sides of the Austraße in the years 1926–1928. A significant part of this settlement was built on it during the Second World War in the years 1939 to 1945. The largely closed and continuous construction of the still undeveloped parts of the settlement took place between 1960 and 1980. Today, a sports field is also integrated into this settlement area.

• The water field settlement

This settlement with the central Wasserfeldstrasse is reminiscent of the nearest former Wasserfeld, which was located directly on the banks of the unregulated Salzach. The area of ​​today's settlement was part of the river bed of the Salzach before the Salzach regulation and afterwards for a longer time in the flood discharge area of ​​this river. Probably the oldest house (Wasserfeldstraße 22) was only built during the Second World War. Almost all other residential properties were built in the post-war period between 1960 and 1980. The north of the district heating plant of Salzburg AG is connected to the residential housing complex .

• The Goethe settlement

The Alterbach on the edge of the Goethe settlement

The Goethesiedlung, named after the largely undeveloped Goethestrasse, was built in the years after 1970 as the largest residential project in the city at the time. The settlement is one of the densest built-up housing estates in the city of Salzburg: 2500 residents live here on around 13 hectares.

• The Grabenbauernsiedlung

The Grabenbauernsiedlung on the right bank of the Alterbach is already in the cadastral community of Bergheim II. It developed from individual houses, such as the Schachermayerhaus (Grabenbauernweg 1, built around 1900) and several houses from the interwar period. After the Second World War, the settlement grew further east along the Grabenbauernweg. The part of the settlement on Gaglhamerweg also essentially dates from this time.

Itzling Ost ("Gleisdreieck", brickworks settlement)

→ Main article : Itzling Ost

After the construction of the railway line, this settlement area was soon also called eastern Itzling or "Drüberes Itzling" ("Drenteres Itzling" - located on the other side of the western railway ). The area around Ziegeleistraße and Landstraße is mainly characterized in the south by commercial buildings. The Rettenlackstraße is reminiscent of the earlier name of the local landscape at the foot of the Plainberg "Rettenlack" with the farm of the same name, once situated slightly above the wet valley. A large brickworks developed here in the 19th century, where the clay extracted from under the peat was burned.

Green forest settlement

Only in the far north is there a core of small residential buildings north of Landstrasse and Samstrasse (on Maxstrasse and Negrellistraße), which were built in the western part in the interwar period - in the eastern part after the Second World War - by clearing forest not far from the former inn "Grüner Wald" and is often called "Green Forest Settlement". The name Maxstraße is reminiscent of the former chairman of the Salzburg settlement cooperative , which had the older part of the settlement built.

Culture and sights

See also:  List of listed objects in Itzling

The parish church of Itzling to St. Antonius

→ Main article : Parish Church Salzburg-Itzling

Itzling parish church

Wayside shrine VII of the old pilgrimage route

Construction of the St. Antonius Church began in 1901 after the residents of the many new buildings had repeatedly asked for a church center due to the large influx of people. The building of the church was financed by generous donations from Emperor Franz-Joseph , Archbishop Johannes Baptist Katschthaler and the Salzburg Rupertusverein . Jakob Ceconi as master builder and Karl Pirich as architect were responsible for the planning and execution of the church, built in the historicizing style of a Romanesque basilica with double-arched windows and a high central nave with a wooden coffered ceiling .

The place away from the noisy Itzlinger Hauptstraße and next to today's Veronaplatz seemed ideal for the church. After its completion in 1903, the church was consecrated to St. Anthony of Padua by Archbishop Katschthaler as part of a large parish festival on October 11, 1903 . The church has been its own parish church since 1912.

Secret pillars

→ Main article : Secret pillars on the way to Maria Plain

A historical pilgrimage route leads through Itzling to the pilgrimage basilica Maria Plain on the Plainberg. It is a series of 15 wayside shrines laid out in 1705, which depict the secrets of the rosary on oil panels . They were set up starting in today's Elisabeth-Vorstadt district along a pilgrimage route that may have started in what is now the municipality of Wals-Siezenheim . The wayside shrines VI to X of the so-called secret pillars I-XV are in Itzling on the western edge of the district between Plainstrasse and the city limits of Bergheim on the ascent to the Plainberg.

nature

The Itzlinger Moos

The Samer Mösl, which today belongs to the Langwied district, is what remains of the former Itzlinger Moos

Until the early 17th century, the wide moorland that stretched to the right of the Salzach remained largely untouched. In the area south and north of the historic small town center of Itzling, alluvial forest and the moor (called here Schallmoos) interlocked. The moor areas were connected to the edge of the Gnigler Moor. Separated by the Alterbach, the Langmoos with the Nussdorfer Moos spread to the east. Between Plainberg and Hallwang- Berg (today Berg-Sam) the Kasernmoos connected the moor landscape with the flat moor on the Fischach . Not far from there was the little Radeckermoos. In the south, the Parscher Moor formed an extended tongue.

Located in Baron-Schwarz-Park, in the Schallmoos district

With the help of the numerous soldiers stationed here, Paris Lodron then built the Fürstenweg (now called Vogelweiderstraße) as a central drainage axis (cf. the axis of Moosstraße across Leopoldskroner Moos in the south of Salzburg), around which individual manor houses gradually settled. Another drainage ditch was formed by the Lämmerbach (also called Lämmererbach), which was probably also built during the Thirty Years' War. The Robinighof was built on the edge of this drainage ditch before 1648. Only gradually did the small village of Gnigl ​​grow on the edge of the gradually cultivated moor. The last remaining remnant of the vast landscape of the Itzlinger Moos is the Samer Mösl .

Other near-natural remains of the former large-scale Itzlinger Moor are no longer preserved in the Itzling area, the area is largely built up. Larger open spaces can only be found in those areas of the old municipality that are now part of the Schallmoos district and have been preserved as parks, for example around the rococo castle Robinighof or the Baron-Schwarz- Park (which is reminiscent of the main builder of the Westbahn and his villa).

The Itzlinger Au

→ Main article : Itzlinger Au

In the Itzlinger Au in February

The old municipality of Itzling also included the broad Itzlinger Au, which is already on the left bank of the Salzach, as the river center, which can hardly be mapped, was usually not chosen as the boundary for a municipality in the past, but the border was moved into the alluvial forest on the right or left bank of the river. The Lieferinger Au and the Bergheimer Au joined the Itzlinger Au to the north and the Lehenau to the south. In today's cadastral community of Itzling, the economically very important exhibition center ( Messezentrum Salzburg ) is logically located .

The name Itzlinger Au was revived a few years ago in the course of a protection status in memory of earlier circumstances. This now means a small-scale rest of alluvial forest in front of the exhibition center, which is a valuable relic site for birds, bats and, above all, wood-dwelling beetles and, together with its now very rare black poplars, has been placed under protection as a protected part of the landscape .

traffic

Local train stop Salzburg Itzling

The district is accessible by public transport with the trolleybus lines  3 (Pflanzmann) and 6 (Itzling West, Goethesiedlung) as well as the bus line 23 to Gnigl ​​operated by Albus Salzburg , all coming from the main station. Parts of the urban area can also be reached from the main train station using the local train with the Salzburg-Itzling and Maria Plain - Plainbrücke stops . The railway line Salzburg Hbf – Salzburg Itzling , which connects the main station with the local railway line, is important for rail freight traffic .

Itzlinger Hauptstrasse is the main road for private transport, the last section of which connects to Rosa-Kerschbamer-Strasse and together with it functions as the northern arterial road from Salzburg. On the district boundary to Itzling Nord, there has been an exit from the Westautobahn (A1) in the west with Bergheim West since 2016 (half connection in the direction of Vienna) and in the east on the district boundary to Kasern with Salzburg Nord a full connection to the motorway.

Personalities

• Father Paulus Wörndl (* 1894 in Itzling (then Gnigl-Itzling parish); † 1944 in Brandenburg an der Havel), city pastor of the Linz Carmelite parish; Sentenced to death by the National Socialists on the basis of his correspondence with a member of an Austro-Norwegian resistance organization and beheaded in Brandenburg prison
• Wilhelm Holzbauer (* 1930 in Itzling; † 2019 in Vienna), Austrian architect; grew up in the Elisenhof
• Richard Gach (born October 31, 1930 in Itzling (former municipality of Gnigl-Itzling), † December 25, 1991 in Gars am Kamp ), Austrian architect , draftsman and watercolorist

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Herwig Wolfram (ed.): Sources on Salzburg's early history . R. Oldenbourg, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-7029-0538-3 .
2. ↑ http://www.techno-z.at
3. ↑ http://coworkingsalzburg.com/
4. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from January 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
5. ↑ My district : My Salzburg  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved August 5, 2018.  

Web links

Commons : Itzling  - collection of images, videos and audio files