Leiden University
University of Leiden University of Leiden |
|
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motto |
Libertatis Praesidium ("A Bulwark of Freedom") |
founding | February 8, 1575 |
place | Leiden & The Hague , Netherlands |
Rector | Carel Stolker |
Students | 25,800 (2015/2016) |
Employee | 5500 (December 31, 2015) |
Annual budget | around 588 million euros (2016) |
Networks | CG , IAU , LERU |
Website | www.leiden.edu |
The University of Leiden ( Dutch Universiteit Leiden , formerly Rijksuniversiteit Leiden ) was founded in 1575 in Leiden . It is the oldest university in the Netherlands and one of the world's most renowned institutions, particularly for the humanities , political science , law and medicine .
history
The University of Leiden was founded by William I of Nassau-Orange a few months after the siege of the city by Spanish troops in the Eighty Years' War ended on February 8, 1575. It thus became the first university of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces founded a few years later . Together with the Leiden University Library , it quickly developed into the country's scientific center. Important scholars such as Justus Lipsius , Joseph Scaliger , Franciscus Gomarus , Hugo Grotius , Jacobus Arminius , Daniel Heinsius and Gerhard Johann Vossius increased the awareness of the university and the basis for the freedom of research at the university, according to their motto: Praesidium Libertatis (bulwark of freedom) . The Leiden observatory was opened in 1633 , one of the oldest university observatories in the world. Jacobus Gronovius , Herman Boerhaave , Tiberius Hemsterhuis and David Ruhnken worked at the university in the 18th century . The future Nobel Prize winner Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was appointed professor of experimental physics at the University of Leiden in 1882, developed helium liquefaction and discovered superconductivity . Other Nobel Prize winners from the university were Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Pieter Zeeman and Willem Einthoven . The physicists Albert Einstein , Enrico Fermi and Paul Ehrenfest , the Arabist Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje , the legal scholar Cornelis van Vollenhoven and the historian Johan Huizinga also worked at the university in the 1920s and 1930s .
During the Second World War , the university was temporarily closed by the German occupiers after protests against the dismissal of Jewish employees. The Spinoza Prize , the highest scientific award in the Netherlands, has so far received 18 professors from the University of Leiden, namely Frits van Oostrom (Dutch literature), Frederik Kortlandt and Pieter Muysken (linguistics), Hendrik Lenstra (mathematics), Carlo Beenakker , Jan Zaanen and Dirk Bouwmeester (physics), Ewine van Dishoeck (molecular astrophysics), Marijn Franx (astronomy), Alexander Tielens (astrophysics and astrochemistry), Els Goulmy (biology), Frits Rosendaal (clinical epidemiology), Rien van IJzendoorn (education), Wil Roebroeks (Archeology), Corinne Hofman (archeology of the Caribbean), Michel Ferrari (neurology), Ineke Sluiter (Greek language and literature) and Naomi Ellemers (social psychology).
The University of Leiden is the traditional educational establishment of the Dutch royal family and a member of Europaeum , the League of European Research Universities LERU and the Coimbra Group .
Faculties
There are currently seven faculties at Leiden University:
- archeology
- Humanities
- Governance and Global Affairs
- Math and science
- medicine
- law Sciences
- Social sciences
In September 2008, the former faculties of theology , philosophy , art , literature and linguistics were merged to form the new faculty of humanities .
Personalities
- John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), 6th US President
- Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697–1770), German physician
- Heinrich Bacheracht (1725–1806), German-Russian military doctor
- Johann Friedrich Bachstrom (1686–1742), German theologian
- Ellen Berends (* 1955), Dutch diplomat
- Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738), Dutch medic
- Frits Bolkestein (* 1933), Dutch politician
- Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn (1602 / 12–1653), discoverer of the Indo-European language affinity
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg (1620–1688), Duke in Prussia
- Thomas Browne (1605–1682), English philosopher
- Johann Philipp Burggrav (1673–1746), German doctor
- Leoni Cuelenaere (* 1952), Dutch diplomat
- Edsger W. Dijkstra (1930–2002), Dutch computer scientist
- Charles de l'Écluse (1526–1609), Dutch medic and botanist
- Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933), Austrian physicist
- Albert Einstein (1879–1955), German physicist and Nobel Prize winner
- Willem Einthoven (1860–1927), Dutch doctor
- Paul Fleming (1609–1640), German baroque poet
- Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669), Flemish-Dutch theologian
- Jakob Dircksz de Graeff (1571–1638), Dutch politician
- Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), Dutch philosopher
- Andreas Gryphius (1616–1664), most important German sonnet poet (Baroque)
- Ruurd B. Halbertsma (* 1958), Dutch classical philologist, ancient historian, classical archaeologist and university lecturer
- Maarten 't Hart (* 1944), Dutch writer and biologist
- Paul Hermann (1646–1695), German physician and botanist
- Ayaan Hirsi Ali (* 1969), Dutch politician
- Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau (1616–1679), representative of the second Silesian school (Baroque)
- Jan Hendrik Holwerda (1873–1951), Dutch archaeologist
- Jaap de Hoop Scheffer (* 1948), Dutch politician
- Johan Huizinga (1872–1945), Dutch cultural historian
- Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695), Dutch astronomer and mathematician
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926), Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner
- Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper (1907-2003), Dutch Indologist
- Willem Levelt (* 1938), Dutch psycholinguist
- Justus Lipsius (1547–1606), Dutch philosopher
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853–1928), Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner
- Balthasar Lydius (1576–1629), Reformed theologian and clergyman
- Jacobus Lydius (around 1610–1679), reformed clergyman and theologian
- Frédérique de Man (* 1955 or 1956), Dutch diplomat
- Karl Martin (1851–1942), German geologist and paleontologist
- Hermann Adolph Meinders (1665–1730), German lawyer and historian
- Kornelis Heiko Miskotte (1894–1976), Dutch Reformed theology professor
- Jan Hendrik Oort (1900–1992), Dutch astronomer
- Martin Opitz (1597–1639), German linguist (Baroque)
- Queen Beatrix of Orange-Nassau (* 1938)
- Queen Juliana of Orange-Nassau (1909-2004)
- King Willem-Alexander (* 1967)
- Anton Pannekoek (1873–1960), Dutch astronomer and councilor communist
- Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer , lecturer for class until 2004. Greek in Leiden, writer / poet
- Peter Rentzel (1610–1662), German lawyer and politician
- Caspar Reuvens (1793–1835), Dutch classical scholar
- Johann Gottfried Reyger (1725–1793), last mayor of the Free City of Danzig
- Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669), Dutch painter
- Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540–1609), French humanist
- Reimar Schefold (* 1938), Swiss anthropologist
- Edith Schippers (* 1964), politician
- Johann Sigismund Schulin (1694–1750), German-Danish diplomat, Foreign Minister
- Melanie Schultz van Haegen (* 1970), politician
- Willem de Sitter (1872–1934), Dutch astronomer
- Jacob Cornelis van Slee (1841–1929), Dutch librarian and preacher
- Willebrord van Roijen Snell (Snellius) (1580–1626), Dutch astronomer and mathematician
- Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1798–1872), Dutch politician
- Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994), Dutch Nobel Prize in Economics
- Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist
- Ronald Venetiaan (* 1936), Surinamese politician
- Andreas Vengerscius (1600–1649) Polish Calvinist, theologian, poet and church historian
- Arnold Vinnius (1588–1657), Dutch lawyer
- Jouke de Vries (* 1960), Dutch politician
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923), Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner
- Jan Hendrik Waszink (1908–1990), Dutch Latinist
- Johann von Wowern (1574–1612) politician, classical philologist and lawyer
- Gotthart Wunberg (1930–2020), German literary scholar
- Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943), Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner
literature
- Willem Otterspeer: The Bastion of Liberty: Leiden University Today and Yesterday . Leiden University Press, Leiden 2008, ISBN 978-90-8728-030-7 .
- Willem Otterspeer: Good, gratifying and renowned. A concise history of Leiden University . Transl. by John RJ Eyck. Leiden, 2015. ISBN 978-90-8728-235-6
- Th.H. Lunsingh Scheurleer, GHM Posthumus Meyjes (eds): Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century. An Exchange of Learning (Leiden, 1975), ISBN 9004042679
- Heinz Schneppen: Dutch universities and German intellectual life. From the founding of the University of Leiden until the late 18th century , Münster 1960. New Münster contributions to historical research, vol. 6.
See also
Web links
- Leiden University website
- Website of the University Library in Leiden
- Website of the Leiden University Medical Center LUMC
- Homepage of the Coimbra University Association
Individual evidence
- ^ List of IAU Members. In: iau-aiu.net. International Association of Universities, accessed August 8, 2019 .
- ^ Leiden University. Retrieved June 11, 2018 (American English).
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ 21.9 ″ N , 4 ° 29 ′ 13 ″ E