Dartmouth College: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m Reverted edits by 67.160.145.28 to last version by 98.119.43.213 (HG)
Line 2: Line 2:
| name = Dartmouth College
| name = Dartmouth College
| image_name = Dartmouth College shield.svg
| image_name = Dartmouth College shield.svg
| motto = ''Vox clamantis in douchebaggery''
| motto = ''Vox clamantis in deserto''
| mottoeng = The voice of one crying in the douchiness
| mottoeng = The voice of one crying in the wilderness
| established = [[December 13]], [[1769]]
| established = [[December 13]], [[1769]]
| type = [[private university|Private]]
| type = [[private university|Private]]

Revision as of 04:19, 31 August 2008

Dartmouth College
MottoVox clamantis in deserto
Motto in English
The voice of one crying in the wilderness
TypePrivate
EstablishedDecember 13, 1769
EndowmentUS $3.76 billion[1]
PresidentJames Edward Wright
Academic staff
647[2]
Undergraduates4,164[3]
Postgraduates1,685[3]
Location
United States Hanover
,
NH
,
U.S.
CampusRural town, 269 acres (1.1 km²)
ColorsDartmouth green and white
NicknameBig Green
AffiliationsUArctic
MascotIndian,[4] Keggy the Keg,[5] and Dartmouth Moose[6] (all unofficial)
Websitewww.dartmouth.edu

Dartmouth College (IPA: /dɑrtməθ/) is a private, coeducational university[7] located in Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S. Incorporated as "Trustees of Dartmouth College,"[8][9] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution.[10] In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, Dartmouth has medical, engineering, and business schools, as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences. With a total enrollment of 5,849, Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League.[3]

Established in 1769 by Congregational minister Eleazar Wheelock with funds largely raised by the efforts of Native American preacher Samson Occom, the College's initial mission was to acculturate and Christianize the Native Americans in the area. After a long period of financial and political struggles, Dartmouth emerged from relative obscurity in the early twentieth century.[11] In 2004, Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as one of the "World's Ten Most Enduring Institutions", recognizing its ability to overcome crises that threatened its survival (most notably in Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward).[12] Dartmouth alumni, from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, are famously involved in their college.[13]

Dartmouth is located on a rural 269-acre (1.1 km²) campus in the Upper Valley region of New Hampshire. Given the College's isolated location, participation in athletics and the school's Greek system is high.[14] Dartmouth's 34 varsity sports teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I. Students are also well-known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions.[15][16][17][18]

History

The Charter of Dartmouth College on display in Baker Memorial Library. The Charter was signed on December 13, 1769, on behalf of King George III of Great Britain.

Dartmouth was founded by Eleazar Wheelock, a Puritan minister from Connecticut, who sought to establish a school to train Native Americans as ministers to spread Anglo-American cultural precepts, particularly Protestant Christianity. Wheelock's ostensible inspiration for such an establishment largely resulted from his relationship with Mohegan Indian Samson Occom. Occom became an ordained minister after studying under Wheelock’s tutelage from 1743 to 1747 and later moved to Long Island to preach to the Montauks.[19]

Wheelock instituted Moor's Indian Charity School in 1755.[20] The Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was necessary to continue school’s operations. To this end, Wheelock sought the help of friends to raise money. Occom, accompanied by Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money in the dissenting churches of that nation. With the funds, they established a trust to help Wheelock.[19]

Although the fund provided Wheelock ample financial support for the Charity School, Wheelock had trouble recruiting Indians to the institution – primarily because its location was far from tribal territories. Receiving the best land offer from New Hampshire, Wheelock approached the Royal Governor of the Province of New Hampshire John Wentworth for a charter. Wentworth, acting in the name King George III of the United Kingdom, granted Dartmouth a royal charter on December 13, 1769, establishing the final colonial college and naming the institution after his English friend, William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth.[19] Dartmouth's purpose, according to the original charter, was to provide for the Christianization, instruction, and education of "youth of the Indian Tribes in this land [...] and also of English youth and any others." Given the failure of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new College as one primarily for whites.[21][19]

File:DanielWebster DartmouthCollegeCase.jpg
Painting by Robert Clayton Burns (1962) depicting Daniel Webster arguing Dartmouth College v. Woodward.

Wheelock had established a collegiate department within Moor's Charity School in 1768. He moved the school to Hanover in 1770 where the College granted its first degrees in 1771.[22] Occom, disappointed with Wheelock's departure from the school's original goal of Indian Christianization, went on to form his own community of New England Indians called Brothertown Indians in New York.[19][21]

In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, in which the State of New Hampshire's 1816 attempt to amend the College's royal charter to make the school a public university was challenged. An institution called Dartmouth University occupied the College buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the College continued teaching classes in rented rooms nearby.[19] Daniel Webster, an alumnus of the class of 1801, presented the College's case to the Supreme Court of the United States, which found the amendment of Dartmouth's charter to be an illegal impairment of a contract by the state and reversed New Hampshire's takeover of the College. Webster concluded his peroration with the famous and frequently quoted words: "It is, Sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it."[19]

Lithograph of the President's House, Thornton Hall, Dartmouth Hall, and Wentworth Hall, circa 1834.

Dartmouth emerged onto the national academic stage at the turn of the twentieth century. Prior to this period, the College had been relatively unknown and poorly funded.[11] Under the presidency of William Jewett Tucker (1893–1909), Dartmouth underwent a major revitalization of facilities, faculty, and the student body. Twenty new structures replaced antiquated buildings, while the student body and faculty both expanded threefold. Tucker is often credited for having "refounded Dartmouth" and bringing it into national prestige.[23] Presidents Ernest Fox Nichols (1909–16) and Ernest Martin Hopkins (1916–45) continued Tucker's trend of modernization, further improving campus facilities and introducing selective admissions in the 1920s.[11] John Sloan Dickey, serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly public policy and international relations.[11][24]

In 1970, longtime professor of mathematics and computer science John George Kemeny became president of Dartmouth.[25] Kemeny presided over several major changes at the College. Dartmouth, previously serving as a men's institution, began admitting women as full-time students and undergraduate degree candidates in 1972 amid much controversy.[26] At about the same time, the College adopted its "Dartmouth Plan" of academic scheduling, permitting the student body to increase in size within the existing facilities.[25]

During the 1990s, the College saw a major academic overhaul under President James O. Freedman and a controversial (and ultimately unsuccessful) 1999 initiative to effectively require the school's single-sex Greek houses to go coed.[11][27] The 2000s saw the commencement of the $1.3 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital fundraising campaign in the College's history, which as of January 2008 has surpassed $1 billion and is on schedule to be completed before 2010.[28][29] The mid- and late 2000s have also seen extensive campus construction, with the erection of two new housing complexes, full renovation of two dormitories, and a forthcoming dining hall, life sciences center, and visual arts center.[30]

Since the election of a number of petition elections to the Board of Trustees starting in 2004, the role of alumni in Dartmouth governance has been the subject of ongoing ideological conflict.[31] In February 2008, it was announced that current president James Wright would step down in June 2009.[32]

Academics and administration

Until it burned in 1904, Dartmouth Hall (first built in 1784) was the oldest building on Dartmouth's campus. (It was rebuilt the following year, shown here.)[33]

Dartmouth, a liberal arts institution, offers only a four-year Bachelor of Arts degree to undergraduate students.[34][10] There are 39 academic departments offering 56 major programs, although students are free to design special majors or engage in dual majors.[35] In 2008, the most popular majors were economics, government, history, psychology and brain sciences, English, biology, and engineering sciences.[36]

In order to graduate, a student must complete 35 total courses, eight to ten of which are typically part of a chosen major program.[37] Other requirements for graduation include the completion of ten "distributive requirements" in a variety of academic fields, proficiency in a foreign language, and completion of a writing class or first-year seminar in writing.[37] Many departments offer honors programs requiring students seeking that distinction to engage in "independent, sustained work," culminating in the production of a thesis.[37] In addition to the courses offered in Hanover, Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programs, including Foreign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programs, and Exchange Programs.[38][39]

Dartmouth also grants degrees in nineteen Arts & Sciences graduate programs.[10] Furthermore, Dartmouth is home to three graduate schools: Dartmouth Medical School (established 1797), Thayer School of Engineering (1867)—which also serves as the undergraduate department of engineering sciences—and Tuck School of Business (1900). With these graduate programs, conventional American usage would accord Dartmouth the label of "Dartmouth University";[10] however, because of historical and nostalgic reasons (such as Dartmouth College v. Woodward), the school uses the name "Dartmouth College" for the entire institution.[19]

Dartmouth employs a total of 597 tenured or tenure-track faculty members, including the highest proportion of female tenured professors among the Ivy League universities.[10] Faculty members have been at the forefront of such major academic developments as the Dartmouth Conferences, the Dartmouth Time Sharing System, Dartmouth BASIC, and Dartmouth ALGOL 30. As of 2005, sponsored project awards to Dartmouth faculty research amounted to $169 million.[40]

Further information: [[:List of Dartmouth College faculty]]

The Dartmouth Plan

Baker Memorial Library at Dartmouth College

Dartmouth functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms. The Dartmouth Plan (or simply "D-Plan") is an academic scheduling system that permits the customization of each student's academic year. All undergraduates are required to be in residence for the fall, winter, and spring terms of their freshman and senior years, as well as the summer term of their sophomore year.[41] During all other terms, students are permitted to choose between studying on-campus, studying at an off-campus program, or taking a term off for vacation, outside internships, or research projects.[41] The typical course load is three classes per term, and students will generally enroll in classes for twelve total terms over the course of their academic career.[42]

The D-Plan was instituted in the early 1970s at the same time that Dartmouth began accepting female undergraduates. It was initially devised as a plan to increase the enrollment without enlarging campus accommodations, and has been described as "a way to put 4,000 students into 3,000 beds."[11] Although new dormitories have been built since, the number of students has also increased and the D-Plan remains in effect and mainly unchanged.

Admissions

McNutt Hall, the location of the Department of Admissions & Financial Aid

Dartmouth describes itself as "highly selective,"[43] ranked as the fifteenth "toughest to get into" school by The Princeton Review in 2007, and classified as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report.[44][7] For the class of 2012, 16,536 students applied for approximately 1,100 places, and only 13.2% of applicants were admitted. 93.4% of admitted students were ranked in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. 38.5% of admitted students were valedictorians and 11.3% were salutatorians. The mean SAT scores of admitted students by section were 726 for verbal, 731 for math, and 726 for writing.[45] In 2007, Dartmouth was ranked eleventh among undergraduate programs at national universities by U.S. News & World Report.[46] However, since Dartmouth is ranked in a category for national research universities, some have questioned the fairness of the ranking given the College's emphasis on undergraduate education.[47][48][49] The 2006 Carnegie Foundation classification listed Dartmouth as the only majority-undergraduate, arts-and-sciences focused institution in the country that also had some graduate coexistence and very high research activity.[50][51]

Dartmouth meets 100% of students' demonstrated financial need in order to attend the College, and currently admits North American students on a need-blind basis. Beginning in the 2008–2009 academic year, Dartmouth will institute a new financial aid policy extending need-blind admission to international students and replacing all student loans with scholarships and grants. Students from families with a combined annual income of less than $75,000 will not be charged any tuition.[52]

Board of Trustees

Main article: Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College

Dartmouth is governed by a Board of Trustees which includes the College president and the state governor (both ex officio), eight elected trustees nominated by the board itself (charter trustees), and eight elected trustees nominated by alumni (alumni trustees).[53] The alumni trustees are nominated by members of the Association of Alumni of Dartmouth College, a body created in 1854 that includes all of Dartmouth's 68,000 living alumni. Names of potential nominees are first proposed by the Alumni Council or by alumni petition, and then alumni cast ballots to determine which one will be their nominee to the Board.

Since 1891, the Board of Trustees has always consisted of equal numbers of charter and alumni members.[54] In September 2007, the Board announced that it would expand from 18 to 26 by adding eight charter trustee seats and no alumni seats,[55] sparking widespread criticism and an Association of Alumni lawsuit to enjoin the change.[56] The lawsuit was eventually dismissed in June 2008;[57] however, the Board of Trustees has been indefinitely postponed implementing the change.[58]

Campus

"This is what a college is supposed to look like."

— Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953[59]

Main article: List of Dartmouth College buildings

Dartmouth College is situated in the rural town of Hanover, New Hampshire, located in the Upper Valley along the Connecticut River in New England. Its 269-acre (1.1 km²) campus is centered around a five-acre (two-hectare) "Green",[60] a former field of pine trees cleared by the College in 1771.[61] Dartmouth is the largest private landowner of the town of Hanover,[62] and its total landholdings and facilities are worth an estimated $434 million.[8] In addition to its campus in Hanover, Dartmouth owns 4,500 acres (18.2 km²) of Mount Moosilauke in the White Mountains Region[63] and a 27,000-acre (109 km²) tract of land in northern New Hampshire known as the Second College Grant.[64]

Dartmouth's campus buildings vary in age from Wentworth and Thornton Halls of the 1820s (the oldest surviving buildings constructed by the College) to new dormitories and mathematics facilities completed in 2006.[65][66] Most of Dartmouth's buildings are designed in the Georgian American colonial style,[67][68][69] a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural additions.[70] The College has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus, earning it the grade of A- from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card 2008.[71][72]

Academic facilities

The Hopkins Center

The College's creative and performing arts facility is the Hopkins Center for the Arts ("the Hop"). Opened in 1962, the Hop houses the College's drama, music, film, and studio arts departments, as well as a woodshop, pottery studio, and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and faculty.[73] The building was designed by the famed architect Wallace Harrison, who would later design the similar-looking façade of Manhattan's Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center.[74] Its facilities include two theaters and one 900-seat auditorium.[73] The Hop is also the location of all student mailboxes ("Hinman boxes")[75] and the Courtyard Café dining facility.[76] The Hop is connected to the Hood Museum of Art, arguably North America's oldest museum in continuous operation,[77] and the Loew Auditorium, where films are screened.[78]

A view of the Sherman Fairchild Physical Science Center and Wheeler Hall from the tower of Baker Memorial Library

In addition to its nineteen graduate programs in the arts and sciences, Dartmouth is home to three separate graduate schools. Dartmouth Medical School is located in a complex on the north side of campus[79] and includes laboratories, classrooms, offices, and a biomedical library.[80] The Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, located several miles to the south in Lebanon, New Hampshire, contains a 396-bed teaching hospital for the Medical School.[81] The Thayer School of Engineering and the Tuck School of Business are both located at the end of Tuck Mall, west of the center of campus and near the Connecticut River.[80] The Thayer School presently comprises two buildings;[80] Tuck has six academic and administrative buildings, as well as several common areas.[82] The two graduate schools share a library, the Feldberg Business & Engineering Library.[82]

Dartmouth's nine libraries are all part of the collective Dartmouth College Library, which comprises 2.48 million volumes and 6 million total resources, including videos, maps, sound recordings, and photographs.[10][83] Its specialized libraries include the Biomedical Libraries, Evans Map Room, Feldberg Business & Engineering Library, Jones Media Center, Kresge Physical Sciences Library, Paddock Music Library, Rauner Special Collections Library, and Sherman Art Library. Baker-Berry Library is the main library at Dartmouth, composed of Baker Memorial Library (opened 1928) and Berry Library (opened 2000[84]). Located on the northern side of the Green, Baker's 200-foot (61 m) tower[85][dead link] is an iconic symbol of the College.[86][87]

Athletic facilities

Memorial Field

Dartmouth's original sports field was the Green, where students played cricket and old division football during the 1800s.[61] Today, Dartmouth maintains more than a dozen athletic facilities and fields[88] and has spent more than $70 million in facility improvements since 2000.[89]

Most of Dartmouth's athletic facilities are located in the southeast corner of campus.[88] The center of athletic life is the Alumni Gymnasium, which includes the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool, a fitness center, a weight room, and a 1/13th-mile (123 m) indoor track.[90] Attached to Alumni Gymnasium is the Berry Sports Center, which contains basketball and volleyball courts (Leede Arena), as well as the Kresge Fitness Center.[91] Behind the Alumni Gymnasium is Memorial Field, a 15,000-seat stadium overlooking Dartmouth's football field and track.[92] The nearby Thompson Arena, designed by Italian engineer Pier Luigi Nervi and constructed in 1975, houses Dartmouth's ice rink.[93]

Dartmouth's other athletic facilities in Hanover include the Friends of Dartmouth Rowing Boathouse, located along the Connecticut River, the Hanover Country Club, Dartmouth's oldest remaining athletic facility (established in 1899),[94] and the Corey Ford Rugby Clubhouse.[95] The College also maintains the Dartmouth Skiway, a 100-acre (0.4 km²) skiing facility located over two mountains near the Hanover campus in Lyme Center, New Hampshire.[96]

Housing and student life facilities

Lord Hall in the Gold Coast Cluster

As opposed to ungrouped dormitories or residential colleges as employed at such institutions as Yale University, Dartmouth has nine residential communities located throughout campus.[97] The dormitories vary in design from modern to traditional Georgian styles, and room arrangements range from singles to quads and apartment suites.[97] Since 2006, the College has guaranteed housing for students during their freshman and sophomore years.[98] More than 3,000 students elect to live in housing provided by College.[97]

Campus meals are served by Dartmouth Dining Services, which operates eleven dining establishments around campus.[99] Four of them are located at the center of campus in Thayer Dining Hall.[100]

The Collis Center is the center of student life and programming, serving as what would be generically termed the "student union" or "campus center."[101] It contains a café, study space, common areas, and a number of administrative departments.[102][103] Robinson Hall, next door to both Collis and Thayer, contains the offices of a number of student organizations including the Dartmouth Outing Club and The Dartmouth daily newspaper.[104]

Student life

In 2006, The Princeton Review ranked Dartmouth third in its "Quality of Life" category, and sixth for having the "Happiest Students."[105] Athletics and participation in the Greek system are the most popular campus activities;[14] in all, Dartmouth offers more than 350 organizations, teams, and sports.[106] The school is also home to a variety of longstanding traditions and celebrations.

Student groups

Robinson Hall houses many of the College's student-run organizations, including the Dartmouth Outing Club. The building is a designated stop along the Appalachian Trail.
Main articles: Dartmouth College student groups, Dartmouth College publications, and Dartmouth College Greek organizations

Dartmouth's more than 200 student organizations and clubs cover a wide range of interests.[107] As of 2007, the College hosts eight academic groups, 17 cultural groups, two honor societies, 30 "issue-oriented" groups, 25 performing groups, 12 pre-professional groups, 20 publications, and 11 recreational groups.[108] Notable student groups include the nation's largest and oldest collegiate outdoors club, the Dartmouth Outing Club, the controversial newspaper The Dartmouth Review,[109] and The Dartmouth, arguably the nation's oldest university newspaper.[110][a]

Partially due to Dartmouth's rural, isolated location, the Greek system dating from the 1840s is one of the most popular social outlets for students.[111][14] Dartmouth is home to 27 recognized Greek houses: 15 fraternities, nine sororities, and three coeducational organizations.[112] As of 2007, over 60% of eligible students belong to a Greek organization;[113] since 1987, students have not been permitted to join Greek organizations until their sophomore year.[114] Dartmouth College was among the first institutions of higher education to desegregate fraternity houses in the 1950s, and was involved in the movement to create coeducational Greek houses in the 1970s.[115] In the early 2000s, campus-wide debate focused on a Board of Trustees recommendation that Greek organizations become "substantially coeducational";[116] this attempt to the change the Greek system eventually failed.[117] The College has an additional classification of social/residential organizations known as undergraduate societies.[118]

Athletics

Main article: Dartmouth Big Green
A Dartmouth varsity hockey game against Princeton at Thompson Arena

As of 2007, Dartmouth College fields 34 intercollegiate varsity teams: 16 for men, 16 for women, and coeducational sailing and equestrian programs. Dartmouth's athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I eight-member Ivy League conference; some teams also participate in the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC).[119] As is mandatory for the members of the Ivy League, Dartmouth College does not offer athletic scholarships.[119][120] In addition to the traditional American team sports (football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey), Dartmouth competes in many other sports including track and field, sailing, tennis, rowing, soccer, skiing, and lacrosse.[10]

The College also offers 26 club and intramural sports such as rugby, water polo, figure skating, volleyball, ultimate frisbee, and cricket, leading to a 75% participation rate in athletics among the undergraduate student body.[121][10] The figure skating team has performed particularly well in recent years, winning the national championship in each of the past five consecutive seasons.[122] In addition to the academic requirements for graduation, Dartmouth requires every undergraduate to complete a 50-yard (46 m) swim and three terms of physical education.[123]

Technology

Students at a bank of Blitz terminals in Baker-Berry Library.

Technology plays an important role in student life, as Dartmouth has been ranked as one of the most technologically-advanced colleges in the world (as in Newsweek's 2004 ranking of "Hottest for the Tech-Savvy"[124] and Yahoo!'s 1998 "Wired Colleges" list[125]). BlitzMail, the campus e-mail network, plays a tremendous role in social life, as students tend to use it for communication in lieu of cellular phones or instant messaging programs.[126][127] Student reliance on BlitzMail (known colloquially as "Blitz," which functions as both noun and verb[127]) is reflected by the presence of about 100 public computer terminals intended specifically for BlitzMail use.[127] Since 1991, Dartmouth students have been required to own a personal computer.[128][129]

In 2001, Dartmouth became the first Ivy League institution to offer entirely ubiquitous wireless internet access.[124] With over 1,400 access points, the network is available throughout all College buildings as well as in most public outdoor spaces.[130] Other technologies being pioneered include College-wide Video-on-Demand and VoIP rollouts.[130][131]

Native Americans at Dartmouth

The charter of Dartmouth College, granted to Eleazar Wheelock in 1769, proclaims that the institution was created "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing and all parts of Learning ... as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences; and also of English Youth and any others."[132] The funds for Dartmouth College were raised primarily by the efforts of a Native American named Samson Occom.[133]

Despite this initial mission, the College graduated only nineteen Native Americans during its first two hundred years.[133] In 1970, the College established Native American academic and social programs as part of a "new dedication to increasing Native American enrollment."[133] Since then, Dartmouth has graduated over 500 Native American students from over 120 different tribes, more than the other seven Ivy League universities combined.[133]

Traditions

File:2004 Winter Carnival Sculpture.JPG
Snow sculpture at the 2004 Dartmouth Winter Carnival
Main article: Dartmouth College traditions

Dartmouth is well-known for its fierce school spirit and many traditions.[134] The College functions on a quarter system, and one weekend each term is set aside as a traditional celebratory event, known on campus as "big weekends"[135][136] or "party weekends".[137] In the fall term, Homecoming (officially called Dartmouth Night) is marked by a bonfire on the Green constructed by the freshman class.[138] Winter term is celebrated by Winter Carnival, a tradition started in 1911 by the Dartmouth Outing Club to promote winter sports.[139] In the spring, Green Key is a weekend mostly devoted to campus parties and celebration.[140]

The summer term was formerly marked by Tubestock, an unofficial tradition in which the students used wooden rafts and inner tubes to float on the Connecticut River. Begun in 1986, Tubestock met its demise in 2006 when Hanover town ordinances and a lack of coherent student protest conspired to defeat the popular tradition.[141] The class of 2008, during their summer term on campus in 2006, replaced the defunct Tubestock with Fieldstock. This new celebration includes a barbecue, live music, and the revival of the 1970s and 1980s tradition of racing homemade chariots around the Green. Unlike Tubestock, Fieldstock is funded and supported by the College.[142]

Another longstanding tradition is four-day, student-run Dartmouth Outing Club trips for incoming freshmen, begun in 1935. Each trip concludes at the Moosilauke Ravine Lodge.[143] In 2006, 85% of freshman elected to participate.

Insignia and other representations

Motto and song

Dartmouth's motto, chosen by Eleazar Wheelock, is "Vox Clamantis in Deserto". The Latin motto is literally translated as "The voice of one crying in the wilderness",[144][145] but is more often rendered as "A voice crying in the wilderness",[146] which attempts to translate the synecdoche of the phrase. The phrase appears five times in the Bible and is a reference to the College's location on what was once the frontier of European settlement.[145][147] Richard Hovey's "Men of Dartmouth" was elected as the best of Dartmouth's songs in 1896,[138] and became the school's official song in 1926.[148] The song was retitled to "Alma Mater" in the 1980s when its lyrics were changed to refer to women as well as men.[149]

Seal

Seal of Dartmouth College
Main article: Seal of Dartmouth College

Dartmouth's 1769 royal charter required the creation of a seal for use on official documents and diplomas.[132] The College's founder Eleazar Wheelock designed a seal for his college bearing a striking resemblance to the seal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, a missionary society founded in London in 1701, in order to maintain the illusion that his college was more for mission work than for higher education.[145] Engraved by a Boston silversmith, the seal was ready by Commencement of 1773. The trustees officially accepted the seal on August 25, 1773, describing it as:

An Oval, circumscribed by a Line containing SIGILL: COL: DARTMUTH: NOV: HANT: IN AMERICA 1770. within projecting a Pine Grove on the Right, whence proceed Natives towards an Edifice two Storey on the left; which bears in a Label over the Grove these Words "vox clamantis in deserto" the whole supported by Religion on the Right and Justice on the Left, and bearing in a Triangle irradiate, with the Hebrew Words [El Shaddai], agreeable to the above Impression, be the common Seal under which to pass all Diplomas or Certificates of Degrees, and all other Affairs of Business of and concerning Dartmouth College.[150]

On October 28, 1926, the trustees affirmed the charter's reservation of the seal for official corporate documents alone.[145] The College Publications Committee commissioned typographer W. A. Dwiggins to create a line drawing version of the seal in 1940 that saw widespread use. Dwiggins' design was modified during 1957 to change the date from "1770" to "1769," to accord with the date of the College Charter. The trustees commissioned a new set of dies with a date of "1769" to replace the old dies, now badly worn after almost two hundred years of use.[145] The 1957 design continues to be used under trademark number 2305032.[151]

Shield

On October 28, 1926, the Trustees approved a "Dartmouth College Shield" for general use. Artist and engraver W. Parke Johnson designed this emblem on the basis of the shield that is depicted at the center of the original seal. This design does not survive. On June 9, 1944 the trustees approved another coat of arms based on the shield part of the seal, this one by Canadian artist and designer Thoreau MacDonald. That design was used widely and, like Dwiggins' seal, had its date changed from "1770" to "1769" around 1958.[145] That version continues to be used under trademark registration number 3112676 and others.[151]

College designer John Scotford made a stylized version of the shield during the 1960s, but it did not see the success of MacDonald's design.[152] The shield appears to have been used as the basis of the shield of Dartmouth Medical School, and it has been reproduced in sizes as small as a few nanometers across.[153] The design has appeared on Rudolph Ruzicka's Bicentennial Medal (Philadelphia Mint, 1969) and elsewhere.

Nickname, symbol, and mascot

Keggy posing on the Dartmouth College Green with Baker Memorial Library in the background.

Dartmouth has never had an official mascot.[154] The nickname "The Big Green," originating in the 1860s, is based on students' adoption of a shade of forest green ("Dartmouth Green") as the school's official color in 1866.[155] Beginning in the 1920s, the Dartmouth College athletic teams were known by their unofficial nickname "the Indians," a moniker that probably originated among sports journalists.[154] This unofficial mascot and team name was used until the early 1970s, when its use came under criticism. In 1974, the Trustees declared the "use of the [Indian] symbol in any form to be inconsistent with present institutional and academic objectives of the College in advancing Native American education."[156] Some alumni and students, as well as the conservative student newspaper, The Dartmouth Review, have sought to return the Indian symbol to prominence,[157] but no team has worn the symbol on its uniform in decades.[158]

Various student initiatives have been undertaken to adopt a new mascot, but none has become "official." One proposal devised by the College humor magazine the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern was Keggy the Keg, an anthropomorphic beer keg who makes occasional appearances at College sporting events. Despite student enthusiasm for Keggy,[159] the mascot has only received approval from the student government.[160] In November 2006, student government attempted to revive the "Dartmoose" as a potential replacement amid renewed controversy surrounding the former Indian mascot.[161]

Alumni

Main article: List of Dartmouth College alumni

Dartmouth's alumni are known for their devotion to the College.[13] In 2007, Dartmouth was ranked second only to Princeton University in the U.S. for alumni donation rates by U.S. News & World Report.[46] According to a 2008 article in The Wall Street Journal article, Dartmouth graduates also earn higher median salaries at least 10 years after graduation than alumni of any other American university surveyed.[162]

As of 2008, Dartmouth has graduated 238 classes of students and has over 60,000 living alumni in a variety of fields.[163]

Salmon P. Chase, class of 1826, was an American politician: Senator from Ohio, Governor of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury under Abraham Lincoln, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Over 164 Dartmouth graduates have served in the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives,[164] such as Massachusetts statesman Daniel Webster.[164] Cabinet members of American presidents include Attorney General Amos T. Akerman,[165] Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal,[166] Secretary of Labor Robert Reich,[167] and current Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson.[168] C. Everett Koop was the Surgeon General of the United States under President Ronald Reagan.[169] Two Dartmouth alumni have served as justices on the Supreme Court of the United States: Salmon P. Chase and Levi Woodbury.[170][171]

In literature and journalism, Dartmouth has produced six Pulitzer Prize winners: Thomas M. Burton,[172] Richard Eberhart,[173] Robert Frost,[174] Paul Gigot,[175] Nigel Jaquiss,[176] and David K. Shipler.[177] Other authors and media personalities include novelist/screenwriter Budd Schulberg,[178] political analyst Dinesh D'Souza,[179] radio talk show host Laura Ingraham,[180] commentator Mort Kondracke,[181] and journalist James Panero.[182] Theodor Geisel, better known as children's author Dr. Seuss, was a member of the class of 1925.[183]

Dartmouth alumni in academia include Stuart Kauffman and Jeffrey Weeks, both recipients of MacArthur Fellowships (commonly called "genius grants").[184][185] Dartmouth has also graduated three Nobel Prize winners: Owen Chamberlain (Physics, 1959),[186] K. Barry Sharpless (Chemistry, 2001),[187] and George Davis Snell (Physiology or Medicine, 1980).[188] Educators include the founding president of Vassar College Milo Parker Jewett,[189] founder and first president of Bates College Oren B. Cheney,[190] founder and first president of Kenyon College Philander Chase,[191] first professor of Wabash College Caleb Mills,[192] and former president of Union College Charles Augustus Aiken.[193] Nine of Dartmouth's sixteen presidents were alumni of the College.[194]

Henry Paulson, class of 1968, was the CEO of Goldman Sachs and is currently the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury.

Dartmouth alumni serving as CEOs or company presidents include Sandy Alderson (San Diego Padres),[195] John Donahoe (eBay), Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. (IBM),[196] Charles E. Haldeman (Putnam Investments),[197] Donald J. Hall, Sr. (Hallmark Cards),[198] Jeffrey R. Immelt (General Electric),[199] Henry Paulson (Goldman Sachs),[200] Grant Tinker (NBC),[201] and Brian Goldner (Hasbro).[202]

In entertainment and television, Dartmouth is represented by Rachel Dratch, a cast member of Saturday Night Live,[203] creator of Grey's Anatomy Shonda Rhimes,[204] and the titular character of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, Fred Rogers.[205] Other notable actors include Sarah Wayne Callies (Prison Break),[203] Mindy Kaling (The Office),[206] Emmy Award winner Michael Moriarty,[203], Andrew Shue of Melrose Place,[207] Aisha Tyler of Friends and 24,[203] and Connie Britton of Spin City, The West Wing, and Friday Night Lights.[203]

A number of Dartmouth alumni have found success in professional sports. In baseball, Dartmouth alumni include All-Star and Gold Glove winner Brad Ausmus[208] and All-Star Mike Remlinger.[209] Professional football players include former Miami Dolphins quarterback Jay Fiedler,[210] linebacker Reggie Wiliams,[211][212] three-time Pro Bowler Nick Lowery,[213] quarterback Jeff Kemp,[214] and Tennessee Titans tight end Casey Cramer.[215] Dartmouth has also produced a number of Olympic competitors. Kristin King and Sarah Parsons were members of the United States' 2006 bronze medal-winning ice hockey team.[216][216][217] Cherie Piper, Gillian Apps, and Katie Weatherston were among Canada's ice hockey gold medalists in 2006.[218][219][220] Dick Durrance and Tim Caldwell competed for the United States in skiing in the 1936 and 1976 Winter Olympics, respectively.[221][222] Arthur Shaw,[223] Earl Thomson,[224] Edwin Myers,[223] Marc Wright,[223] Adam Nelson,[225] Gerald Ashworth,[223] and Vilhjálmur Einarsson[223] have all won medals in track and field events.

In popular culture

Dartmouth College has appeared in or been referenced by a number of popular media. The 1978 comedy film National Lampoon's Animal House was cowritten by Chris Miller '63, and is based loosely on a series of fictional stories he wrote about his fraternity days at Dartmouth. In a CNN interview, John Landis said the movie was "based on Chris Miller's real fraternity at Dartmouth," Alpha Delta Phi.[226] Dartmouth's Winter Carnival tradition was the subject of the 1939 film Winter Carnival starring Ann Sheridan.[139]

In addition, Dartmouth has served as the alma mater for a number of fictional characters, including Stephen Colbert's fictional persona,[227] Michael Corleone of The Godfather,[228] Meredith Grey of Grey's Anatomy,[229] Thomas Crown of The Thomas Crown Affair (1968),[230] and Howie Archibald of Gossip Girl.[231] The characters Evan and Fogell of the 2007 film Superbad were also slated to attend Dartmouth.[232]

Dartmouth is also featured in the TV series Gossip Girl as the college Nate's father wishes him to attend.

Dartmouth is mentioned often in the New York Time's Bestseller and teen sensation "Breaking Dawn" by Stephenie Meyer. In Breaking Dawn, the two main characters, Edward and Bella, are both admitted to Dartmouth, and are using their going away to be an excuse while Bella is turned into a vampire. Dartmouth is acceptable to Edward and the rest of the Cullen family, as the usually cloudy sky allows them to come out during the daytime.

Footnotes

  • ^a The Dartmouth describes itself as "America's Oldest College Newspaper, Founded 1799."[110] However, according to the 1928 Aegis yearbook, the daily newspaper is unrelated to a literary publication established under a different name in 1799. The Dartmouth as it currently exists was founded in 1839, and it calculates its present volume number from that year.

Citations

  1. ^ "Impressive returns reported for Dartmouth endowment in fiscal 2006–07". Dartmouth News. Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  2. ^ "Common Data Set '06-'07" (PDF). Office of Institutional Research. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  3. ^ a b c "Common Data Set '07-'08" (PDF). Office of Institutional Research. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  4. ^ Forbes, Allison (2003-04-15). "Mascot debate returns to agenda". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2007-01-29. The Assembly's Student Life Committee initiated discussions about the College's unofficial mascot, the Indian... {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Butler, Brent (2004-02-16). "'Keggy' makes an awaited return". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2007-01-29. ...Keggy debuted last fall as the Big Green's unofficial mascot... {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Spradling, Jessica (2003-05-23). "Moose tops mascot survey". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2007-01-29. ...the moose has been an unofficial symbol of the College for a long time. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ a b "Dartmouth College: At a Glance". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
  8. ^ a b Trustees of Dartmouth College. "2005 Form 990" (PDF). GuideStar.org. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  9. ^ "Trustees of Dartmouth College". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h "About Dartmouth: Facts". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Sayigh, Aziz G (2006-10-01). "The Wheelock Succession". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions". Booz Allen Hamilton. 2004-12-16. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ a b Jaschik, Scott (2007-09-10). "Dartmouth Approves Controversial Board Changes". Inside Higher Education. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ a b c Webster, Katharine (2007-05-25). "Conservatives Gain Ground at Dartmouth: Dartmouth Alumni Elect Conservatives to Trustees Amid Struggle to Change College's Direction". Associated Press. ABC News. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Kennedy, Randy (1999-11-07). "A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-23. ...at Dartmouth College a place where traditions die hard... {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions". Summer 2007 Newsletter. Dartmouth Parents & Grandparents. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  17. ^ "Our Mission". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  18. ^ "Dartmouth: Forever New An address by President James Wright: On the Occasion of his Inauguration as the 16th President of Dartmouth College". Dartmouth News. 1998-09-23. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h Childs, Francis Lane (1957). "A Dartmouth History Lesson for Freshman". Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. Retrieved 2007-02-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  20. ^ Hoefnagel, Dick (1999). "Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools". Dartmouth College Library Bulletin. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  21. ^ a b "Samson Occom". Christian History Institute. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  22. ^ Hoefnagel, Dick (2002). Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College. Hanover, New Hampshire: Durand Press for Hanover Historical Society. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "William Jewett Tucker". Office of the President. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  24. ^ "John Sloan Dickey". Office of the President. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  25. ^ a b "The Wheelock Succession of Dartmouth Presidents: John G. Kemeny, 1970-1981". Dartmouth News. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  26. ^ "When did Dartmouth become co-educational?". AskDartmouth. Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  27. ^ "James O. Freedman". Office of the President. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  28. ^ Coburn, Michael (2008-01-23). "Capital campaign hits $1 billion benchmark". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-02-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Santo, JR (2007-05-04). "65 percent done, $1.3 billion capital campaign right on track". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-02-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ "Current Capital Projects". Office of Planning, Design & Construction. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
  31. ^ Schpero, William (2007-09-19). "Battle for Board leaves boardroom". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ Lowe, Allie (2008-02-04). "President Wright to step down in June 2009". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-02-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ^ "Dartmouth Hall". Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  34. ^ "About Dartmouth". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  35. ^ "Undergraduate Majors". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  36. ^ "Dartmouth Commencement 2008 Class Notes". Dartmouth News. 2008-06-08. Retrieved 2008-06-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ a b c "Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts". Office of the Registrar. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  38. ^ "Programs – List All". Off-Campus Programs. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  39. ^ "Types of Programs". Off-Campus Programs. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  40. ^ "Academics & Research". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  41. ^ a b "D-Plan". Admissions and Financial Aid. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  42. ^ "Working Rules and Procedures". Office of the Registrar. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  43. ^ "First Year Admissions". Admissions & Financial Aid. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  44. ^ "The Toughest to Get Into". The Princeton Review. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  45. ^ Adams, Roland (2008-03-31). "From its largest pool of applicants for undergraduate admissions to date, Dartmouth invites 2,190 to join the Class of 2012". Dartmouth News. Retrieved 2008-03-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ a b "America's Best Colleges 2008: National Universities". U.S. News & World Report. 2007. Retrieved 2006-08-16.
  47. ^ Buntz, Sam (2008-08-12). "Reject Ridiculous Rankings". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ Menash, Steven (1998-09-30). "Dartmouth Ranked Tenth Best College". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ Sheldon, Linzi (2005-08-23). "College ranks ninth for six years running". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2007-01-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ "The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education". The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  51. ^ "Classifications: Dartmouth College". The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  52. ^ Adams, Roland (2008-01-22). "Dartmouth announces new financial aid initiative". Dartmouth News. Retrieved 2008-02-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  53. ^ "Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board". Dartmouth News. 2003-11-17. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ "Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run". Associated Press. The Boston Globe. 2007-09-07. Retrieved 2008-08-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ Schpero, William (2007-09-08). "Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  56. ^ Schpero, William (2008-08-20). "Divided Association of Alumni sues Colleg". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  57. ^ Schpero, William (2008-06-27). The Dartmouth http://thedartmouth.com/2008/06/27/news/lawsuit/. Retrieved 2008-08-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  58. ^ Schpero, William (2008-08-20). "Board delays changes to structure post-suit". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ Clinton, William J. (1995-06-11). "Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ "The Campus". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  61. ^ a b "The Green". Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  62. ^ "Open Space Priorities Plan". Planning and Zoning Department of the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  63. ^ Dartmouth Outing Guide p. 56.
  64. ^ "Second College Grant". Dartmouth Outing Club. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  65. ^ "Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center". Office of Planning, Design, and Construction. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  66. ^ "McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls". Office of Planning, Design, and Construction. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  67. ^ "CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project" (PDF). The Council of Independent Colleges. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  68. ^ "Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects". Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  69. ^ Thelin, John R. (2004). A History of American Higher Education. John Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801878551. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  70. ^ "Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines". Saucier + Flynn Landscape Architects. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  71. ^ "Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  72. ^ "College Sustainability Report Card 2008". Sustainable Endowments Institute. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  73. ^ a b "General Information & History". Hopkins Center for the Arts. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  74. ^ Steinert, Tamara (2002-11-04). "The Hopkins Center Turns 40". Dartmouth News. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  75. ^ "Undergraduate Student Mail". Facilities Operations and Management. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  76. ^ "Dining Locations: Courtyard Café". Dartmouth Dining Service. Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  77. ^ "Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  78. ^ "The Arts". Graduate Studies. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  79. ^ "Maps and Directions". Dartmouth Medical School. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  80. ^ a b c "Dartmouth Maps". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  81. ^ "About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center". Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  82. ^ a b "Our Campus". Tuck School of Business. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  83. ^ "Library Holdings" (PDF). Dartmouth College Fact Book. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  84. ^ "Berry Library". Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  85. ^ "Baker Library Bell Tower". Dartmouth College Libraries. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
  86. ^ Santos, Nicholas J (2004-09-17). "No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth". The Dartmouth Free Press. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  87. ^ "Dartmouth College's Berry/Baker Library" (PDF). The Observer. New Hampshire Society of Professional Engineers. 2003. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  88. ^ a b "Dartmouth College Athletic Facilities". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  89. ^ "About Dartmouth Athletics". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  90. ^ "Alumni Gym". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  91. ^ "Berry Sports Center". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  92. ^ "Memorial Field". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  93. ^ "Thompson Arena". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  94. ^ "History". Hanover Country Club. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  95. ^ Monahan, Thomas. "Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  96. ^ "Dartmouth Skiway". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  97. ^ a b c "Introduction: Housing on Campus". Office of Residential Life. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  98. ^ "Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines". The Dartmouth. 2006-01-18. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  99. ^ "Campus Map". Dartmouth Dining Services. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  100. ^ "Dining Locations". Dartmouth Dining Services. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
  101. ^ "Collis Center". Collis Center & Student Activities Office. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  102. ^ "Collis Floor Plans". Collis Center & Student Activities Office. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  103. ^ "Administrative Departments in Collis Center". Collis Center & Student Activities Office. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  104. ^ "Robinson Hall". Collis Center & Student Activities Office. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  105. ^ The Princeton Review (2005-08-23). Best 361 Colleges. New York, NY: Princeton Review Press. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  106. ^ "Student Life". Admissions and Financial Aid. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  107. ^ "Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  108. ^ "COSO Student Organizations". Collis Center and Student Activities Office. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  109. ^ Longman, Phillip (1988-02-14). "Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  110. ^ a b "The Dartmouth". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
  111. ^ Meacham, Scott. "Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth". Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  112. ^ "Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration". Office of Residential Life. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  113. ^ Cohen, Amanda (2007-05-03). "Transgenders try to navigate Greek system". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  114. ^ "History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth". Greek Leadership Council. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  115. ^ Hill, Ralph Nading (1964). The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle. Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth Publications. pp. 259–260. LCC 64-16542
  116. ^ Wellman, Stephan (1999). "Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities". Accuracy in Academia. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  117. ^ Rago, Joseph (2005-01-30). "Interrogating the S.L.I." The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  118. ^ "Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration". Office of Residential Life. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  119. ^ a b "About Dartmouth Athletics". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  120. ^ "What is the Ivy League?". Ivy League Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  121. ^ "Club Sports". Dartmouth Sports. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  122. ^ "Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title". Dartmouth Figure Skating Team. 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  123. ^ "Graduation Requirements". First Year Office. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  124. ^ a b Kantrowitz, Barbara (2004). "America's 25 Hot Schools". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-01-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  125. ^ "About BlitzMail". Computing at Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  126. ^ Garfinkel, Jennifer (2005-10-05). "Cell phones make inroads on Blitz-centric College campus". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. While BlitzMail remains the preferred method of communication, cell phones have become more common. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  127. ^ a b c Hafner, Katie (2003-08-14). "All Quiet on Campus Save the Click of Keys". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  128. ^ Kaufhold, Kelly. "Students required to get wired". Colleges.com. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  129. ^ "All Students Required to Own a Computer". Computing at Dartmouth. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  130. ^ a b Knapp, Susan (2005). "Wireless Network Facts". Dartmouth College Computer Services. Archived from the original on 2007-12-08. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  131. ^ Knapp, Susan (2005). "Phones, television and computers converge at Dartmouth". Dartmouth College Office of Public Affairs. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  132. ^ a b "The Charter of Dartmouth College". Dartmo.com. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  133. ^ a b c d "About the Native American Program". Native American Program. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  134. ^ Wald, Matthew L (1987-07-20). "15th President Installed at Dartmouth". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  135. ^ Herbert, Stephanie (2006-05-19). "Steph's So Dartmouth". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  136. ^ "The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  137. ^ Mehta, Chetan (2006-02-10). "Hopkins Center offers many alternatives over weekend". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  138. ^ a b Rago, Joseph (2005-10-21). "A History of Homecoming". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  139. ^ a b "Winter Carnival: Stories of the Mardi Gras of the North". The Dartmouth Review. 2007-02-11. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  140. ^ "Green Key History: Those Were the Days". The Dartmouth Review. 2004-05-11. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  141. ^ Fisher, Samuel. "Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  142. ^ Garfinkel, Jennifer (2006-07-26). "Fieldstock, chariots await town approval". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  143. ^ "About the Program". Dartmouth Outing Club. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  144. ^ "Out of the Woods". Time. 1962-11-23. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  145. ^ a b c d e f Good, Jonathan (1997). "Notes from the Special Collections: The Dartmouth College Seal". Dartmouth College Library Bulletin. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  146. ^ Paquin, Christine. "Daily Debriefing". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. Usually translated as 'a voice crying in the wilderness,'... {{cite news}}: Text "2007-08-10" ignored (help)
  147. ^ "Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window". Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  148. ^ "Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times". The New York Times. 1987-03-01. Retrieved 2008-01-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  149. ^ Krieger, Barbara L. "The Alma Mater". Dartmouth College Library Rauner Special Collections Library. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  150. ^ Dartmouth College, Trustees' Records, 1:26. Dartmouth College Library, Special Collections, DA-1.
  151. ^ a b "United States Patent and Trademark Office". Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  152. ^ Good, Jonathan. "A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College". Jonathan Good's homepage. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  153. ^ Nabity, Joe. "Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  154. ^ a b "Is "The Big Green" really Dartmouth's mascot? If so, where does it come from and what does it mean?". AskDartmouth. Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  155. ^ "Why is green Dartmouth's color?". AskDartmouth. Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  156. ^ "The 'Big Green' Nickname". DartmouthSports.com. 2007-01-10. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  157. ^ Beck, Stefan M (2003-06-08). "Dartmouth Indians: The New Tradition". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  158. ^ Hart, Jeffrey (1998-12-15). "The Banning of the Indian". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  159. ^ "Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot". The Dartmouth. 2007-01-05. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "Blodget" ignored (help)
  160. ^ "Keggy the Keg". Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern. 2007-01-10. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  161. ^ Lowe, Allie (2007-01-10). "First SA meeting draws crowd". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2007-01-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  162. ^ Needleman, Sarah E. (2008-07-31). "Ivy Leaguers' Big Edge: Starting Pay". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  163. ^ Ghods-Esfahani, Emily (2006-10-11). "The Alumni Constitution, in Brief". The Dartmouth Review. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  164. ^ a b "Members of Congress". Dartmouth Club of Washington, D.C. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  165. ^ "Amos T. Akerman". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  166. ^ "James V. Forrestal". NNDB. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  167. ^ "Robert Reich". RobertReich.org. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  168. ^ "Henry M. Paulson, Jr". The White House. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  169. ^ "C. Everett Koop". United States Department of Health & Human Services. Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  170. ^ "Salmon P. Chase". Tulane University. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  171. ^ "Levi Woodbury". Oyez Supreme Court Media. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  172. ^ Curtis, Meredith (Fall 2004). "Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71" (PDF). Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  173. ^ "Richard Eberhart". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  174. ^ DeBonis, Joseph (2006-10-02). "Virginia graduate student discovers new Frost poem". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  175. ^ "Paul Gigot". NNDB. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  176. ^ "The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005". The Pulitzer Prizes. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  177. ^ Stavis, Laurel. "Six to receive Social Justice Awards". Vox of Dartmouth. Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  178. ^ Dartmouth News, "Dartmouth acquires Budd Schulberg '36 papers"
  179. ^ "About Dinesh D'Souza". DineshDSouza.com. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  180. ^ "Ingraham '85 to speak on election". Dartmouth News. 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  181. ^ "Mort Kondracke". Fox News. 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  182. ^ "About James Panero". The New Criterion. 2007-03-05. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  183. ^ Lathem, Edward Connery (2000). "Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss". Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  184. ^ "Stuart Kauffman". Esalen Center for Theory & Research. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  185. ^ "Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks". Division of Mathematics & Science, United States Naval Academy. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  186. ^ "Owen Chamberlain". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  187. ^ "K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae". Scripps College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  188. ^ "George Davis Snell". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  189. ^ Close, Virginia L (1993). "Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery". Dartmouth College Library Bulletin. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  190. ^ "Oren B. Cheney". Bates College. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  191. ^ "Philander Chase". Ohio History Central. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  192. ^ Osborne, James Insley (1932). Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832-1932. Crawfordsville, Indiana: R. E. Banta. p. 31. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  193. ^ "Charles Augustus Aiken". Union College. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  194. ^ "Presidents of Dartmouth College". Rauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  195. ^ "Richard "Sandy" Alderson, Chief Executive Officer, San Diego Padres". Association for Strategic Planning. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  196. ^ "The Networked World: Are We Ready For It?". MIT World. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  197. ^ "Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies". Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  198. ^ Eisele, Rob (1998-08-26). "William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal". William Jewell College. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  199. ^ Knapp, Sue (2004-04-09). "GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference". Dartmouth News. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  200. ^ Weeks, Christian (2005-10-05). "Hank Paulson '68, Business Big Shot". BuzzFlood. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  201. ^ McLeland, Susan. "Tinker, Grant". Museum of Broadcast Communications. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  202. ^ Grimaldi, Paul (2008-05-20). "In charge at Hasbro". The Providence Journal. Retrieved 2008-05-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  203. ^ a b c d e "Dartmouth Alumni in Entertainment and Media Association". Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  204. ^ "This Grey's Anatomy isn't gross—but it's a textbook case of a hit show". Dartmouth Medical Magazine. Fall 2005. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  205. ^ "'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address". Dartmouth News. 2002-05-02. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  206. ^ Garfinkel, Jennifer (2005-01-06). "Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  207. ^ Crawford, E.J. "Andrew Shue". Ivy@50. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  208. ^ Olshansky, Elliot (2003-05-19). "Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  209. ^ "Mike Remlinger". ESPN. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  210. ^ "Dolphins still winning, Jay Fiedler '94 still standing". BuzzFlood. 2003-12-05. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  211. ^ "2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams". Flint Public Library. 2005-10-25. Retrieved 2007-01-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  212. ^ "Ivy Football Association To Honor Reggie Williams '76". Big Green Sports. 2006-01-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  213. ^ "Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth". Dartmouth News. 1998-10-23. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  214. ^ "Jeff Kemp". Premiere Speakers Bureau. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  215. ^ Dougherty, Matt (2004). "Sports Roundup". Dartmouth Life. Retrieved 2007-08-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  216. ^ a b Rose, Jordan (2006-01-09). "Dartmouth athletes gear up for Olympic competition". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  217. ^ Mitchell, John (2006-11-13). "Sports: One on One". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  218. ^ "Cherie Piper". Big Green Sports. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  219. ^ "Gillian Apps". Big Green Sports. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  220. ^ "Katie Weatherston". Big Green Sports. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  221. ^ Lund, Morten (2004-06-14). "Dick Durrance, America's Champion". ISHA Newsline. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  222. ^ "Pamphlet" (PDF). Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  223. ^ a b c d e "Men's Track & Field Olympians". Big Green Sports. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  224. ^ "NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College" (PDF). Ivy League Sports. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  225. ^ "Adam Nelson". USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  226. ^ "Interview with John Landis". CNN. 2003-08-29. Retrieved 2007-02-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  227. ^ Gordon, Avery. "Stephen's Bio". Colbert Nation. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  228. ^ Peet, Jessica (2005-11-11). "Better than Cornell: Dartmouth in pop culture". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  229. ^ Silberman, Katie (2005-11-07). "'Grey's Anatomy' hit for Rhimes '91". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2006-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  230. ^ "Review of The Thomas Crown Affair (1968)". DVD Verdict. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  231. ^ Patterson, Troy. "Gossip Girl: Imagine Beverly Hills 90120 without any of the guilt". Slate. Retrieved 2007-09-21. {{cite news}}: Text "date 2007-09-17" ignored (help)
  232. ^ Rudderman, Allison (2007-08-21). "'Superbad' gives laughs with heart". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 2007-08-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

References

  • Drake, Chuck (2004). Dartmouth Outing Guide (Fifth edition ed.). Dartmouth Outing Club. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  • Glabe, Scott L. (2005). Dartmouth College: Off the Record. College Prowler. ISBN 1-59658-038-0.
  • Hughes, Molly K. (2000). Forever Green: The Dartmouth College Campus — An arboretum of Northern Trees. Enfield Books. ISBN 1-893598-01-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Richardson, Leon B. (1932). History of Dartmouth College. Dartmouth College Publications. OCLC 12157587.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Dartmouth College.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dartmouth College.

Template:Geolinks-US-streetscale

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dartmouth_College&oldid=235316862"