Żelazno (Kłodzko)

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Żelazno
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Żelazno (Poland)
Żelazno
Żelazno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Gmina : Kłodzko
Geographic location : 50 ° 23 ′  N , 16 ° 40 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ′ 36 "  N , 16 ° 40 ′ 15"  E
Height : 320-350 m npm
Residents : 1100
Postal code : 57-361
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Street : Kłodzko - Bystrzyca Kłodzka
Rail route : Kłodzko – Stronie Śląskie railway line
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Żelazno (German: Eisersdorf ) is a village in the powiat Kłodzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is located seven kilometers south of Kłodzko , to whose independent rural municipality it belongs.

geography

Żelazno is located in the lower valley of the Landecker Biele ( Biała Lądecka ). The state road 33 ( Droga krajowa 33 ) runs through the village, which leads from Kłodzko via Bystrzyca Kłodzka to the Czech border and joins the Czech state road 43 at the Boboszów / Dolní Lipka border crossing . Southwest of Żelazno are the 506 m high Dłębowa ( Eichberg ) and the 518 m high Wapniarka ( Weißkoppe ).

Neighboring places

Neighboring towns are Krosnowice in the north, Marcinów in the northeast, Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie and Romanowo in the southeast, Piotrowice , Zabłocie and Mielnik in the south, Gorzanów in the southwest and Starków and Topolice in the west.

history

Parish Church of St. Martin
Castle of the von Münchhausen family
Manor of the von Münchhausen family

Eisersdorf was first mentioned in 1326 as Eyserzdorf . In that year, the Patriarch of Grado and twelve bishops issued a letter of indulgence drawn up in Avignon , a 40-day discount for sins, which the Church of St. Jacob in Rengersdorf and its branch church of St. Jakob in Eisersdorf on certain feast days and attended masses and sermons there. Other spellings of Eisersdorf were Eysenreichsdorf , Isenrichsdorf and Latin Hysinrici villa . It was parish off to Rengersdorf and belonged to the Glatzer Land , with which it shared the history of its political and ecclesiastical affiliation from the beginning. It initially consisted of several parts that mostly belonged to different owners as fiefdoms . In 1350, the Archbishop of Prague, Ernst von Pardubitz, together with his brothers Smil and Wilhelm, donated two and a half hubs from "Isenrichsdorf" to the Augustinian Canons' Monastery in Glatz, which he founded . From 1622 the dean of Glatz, Hieronymus Keck, was pastor of Eisersdorf. He was ennobled for his services to the re-Catholicization of the Glatzer country with the nobility title "von Eisersdorf". In the Thirty Years' War Eisersdorf serious damage was wearing it. With a letter made out in Regensburg on February 24, 1654, Emperor Ferdinand III. the Eisersdorfer fiefdom to a genetic material .

After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally with the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Eisersdorf came to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . Evidence for the year 1799 is as follows: a church, a parsonage, a school, two outworks , a free judge - and a leasehold estate , two Kretschame , three water mills, 25 farmers and 86 gardeners and cottagers . The population was 726.

After the reorganization of Prussia, Eisersdorf belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816–1945 . With the railway connection to the Bieletalbahn in 1897, there was an economic boom. In 1939 there were 1,300 inhabitants. As a result of the Second World War , Eisersdorf fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia , and was renamed Żelazno . The German population was expelled . Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . From 1945 Żelazno belonged to the Wroclaw Voivodeship , 1975-1998 to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).

Manor

This part of Eisersdorf was owned by Tyczko von Pannwitz in 1346 , who also owned Rengersdorf, Kunzendorf and Landfried Castle . Tyczko's descendants or relatives of the same name owned this share until 1623. The next owners were Johann Jakob von Saalhausen and his son Hans Christoph, after whom this share was also known as the Saalhaus-Gut . Hans Christoph von Saalhausen sold this share in 1669 to the Glatzer Jesuit College , which had also owned the Propstei share since 1597.

Dittrich manor

The Dittrich estate was owned by David von Pannwitz in Altwaltersdorf in 1558 . The last owner from the Pannwitz family was Dittrich von Pannwitz, who died in 1633. The indebted property changed hands several times until it was acquired by the royal councilor Franz Hoffmann in 1794, who already owned the free judge's property and who a short time later also acquired the manor .

Propstei share

The later propstei share was owned by the von Glaubitz family in 1340 , who sold it to the Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz and his brothers Smil and Wilhelm in 1349 . They donated this part together with other real estate in Oberschwedeldorf, Altbatzdorf as well as a garden and a house in Glatz to the Glatzer Augustinerstift they founded in 1350 . The foundation was confirmed on October 23, 1350 by Emperor Charles IV . After the Augustinian monastery had largely perished in the turmoil of the Reformation , its last provost Christoph Kirmeser handed over the monastery with the associated property to the Jesuit order in 1595 . After its abolition in 1776, this share came to the royal school office, from which it was acquired in 1788 by the royal Prussian Oberbergdirektor Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden , who linked this share with his rule in Niederschwedeldorf .

Freirichtergut

The first known owner of the judge's estate was Grenilinus ( Scultetus in Hysinrici villa ) in 1330 . After frequent changes of ownership, it was acquired by the town of Glatz in 1504, which it owned until 1631. At that time the Richtergut included two Huben Feld, a Kretscham , a flour mill, a weir and mill ditch with two small ponds, the fishery in the Biele, a brewery, four craftsmen and four farmers . In 1613, Emperor Matthias sold the city of Glatz, among other things, the higher court over the Eisersdorfer judges' estate. After further changes of ownership, it was bought by the Glatzer Joseph von Nussdorfer, from whom it passed to his son of the same name in 1764. After ten years, he sold it to the stonemason Joseph Stehr. After his death in 1791, after a year, the over-indebted judicial property was auctioned by the general tenant of the Herberstein rule Grafenort , Franz Hoffmann. Shortly afterwards he also bought the manor and the Dittrich estate.

Attractions

  • The parish church of St. Martin ( Kościół Św. Marcina ) was mentioned as a branch church of Rengersdorf as early as 1326 and was rebuilt around the middle of the 14th century. Further modifications took place in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Gothic tabernacle with the head of Christ and a carved Mother of God date from the end of the 15th century. The pulpit with the coat of arms of Joseph von Nussdorfer was created by Ignaz Klahr the Elder in 1777 . J. The churchyard is surrounded by a defensive wall with a gatehouse.
  • The rectory with a hipped roof was built around the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries.
  • The Eisersdorf Castle was built in 1797-1798 and rebuilt in the New Baroque to the 1871st It was expanded in 1883 and 1906–1908. This work was carried out on the basis of plans by the Berlin- based architect Heinrich Schweitzer for the then lord of the castle in Löbbecke.
  • The Eisersdorf residential tower with a gable roof and loopholes from the end of the 14th century was rebuilt in 1689 and 1727.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Żelazno  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ January Kapistrán Vyskočil : Arnost of Pardubice a jeho doba ; Nakladatelství Vyšehrad v Praze, 1947, p. 388.
  3. ^ Documents and photos on Eisersdorf Castle in the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin