25th century BC Chr.
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The 25th century BC Chr. Began v on January 1, 2500. And ended on December 31, 2401 BC. This corresponds to the period 4450 to 4351 before today or the interval 3977 to 3885 radiocarbon years .
Age / Epoch
- Subboreal in northwestern Europe (3710-450 BC).
- End Neolithic (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe .
Events / developments
- Around 2500 BC Chr .:
- In Asia Minor , small hattic kingdoms emerged.
- The first Inuit immigrants settle in Greenland (Sarqaq culture).
- Creation of the Dolmen de Menga , a gallery tomb, which is one of the largest megalithic structures in Europe .
- In Greece , apnea divers mainly fetch sponges in large quantities from the Mediterranean.
- In Mesopotamia there is a war between the Sumerian city-states Lagaš and Umma ( Lagaš-Umma War ).
- 2440 to 2100 BC Chr .:
- Main construction activity in Stonehenge , the sarsen stones are erected.
Inventions and discoveries
- Around 2500 BC Chr .:
- The Indus script is developed from the Indus culture .
- The trample is domesticated in Central Asia .
- Around 2450 BC Chr .:
- On the vulture stele . For the first time, images of chariots can be found (thus also the first military use of the wheel)
Personalities
Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.
Pharaohs of Egypt
- Userkaf (2500–2490 BC / founder of the 5th dynasty )
- Sahure (2490–2475 BC)
- Neferirkare (2475–2465 BC)
- Schepseskare (2465–2460 BC)
- Raneferef (2460–2455 BC)
- Niuserre (2455–2420 BC)
- Menkauhor (2420–2410 BC)
- Djedkare (2410-2380 BC)
Kings of Lagaš
King of Ur
- Meskalamdug (around 2500 BC)
Archaeological cultures
Cultures in North Africa
-
Egypt :
-
Old Empire :
- 5th Dynasty (2500 to 2318 BC)
-
Old Empire :
Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East
- Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ):
-
Iran :
- Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
- Schahr-e Suchte III (2500 to 2300 BC)
- Elam : Old Elamite Period (2700 to 1600 BC)
- Susa IVA (2600 to 2400 BC)
- Tepe Yahya IV A (2500 to 2200 BC), Elamite?
-
Syria :
- Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
- Tall Leilan (5000 to 1726 BC) - Phase IIId and IIa
- Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
- Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
- First Kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC)
-
Turkey :
-
Troy :
- Troy II (2550 to 2200 BC)
-
Troy :
-
Bahrain :
- Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)
Cultures in East Asia
-
China :
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
- Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
- Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
- Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
- Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
- The Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi is coming to an end
- Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
- Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
- Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
- Shijiahe culture (2600 to 2000 BC) on the middle Yangtze
- Banshan Machang culture (2500 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
- Baodun culture (2500 to 1700 BC) in Sichuan
-
Korea :
- Middle Jeulmon Period (3500 to 2000 BC)
-
Japan :
- Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)
-
Vietnam :
- Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
- Hồng-Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC) on the upper Yellow River
Cultures in South Asia
-
Indus Valley :
-
Indus culture : Harappa phase
- Harappa 3A (2600 to 2450 BC)
- Harappa 3B (2450 to 2200 BC)
-
Indus culture : Harappa phase
-
Balochistan :
- Mehrgarh : Period VII (from 2600 to 2200 BC), the city is largely abandoned
- Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)
Cultures in North Asia
- The Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia , Mongolia and Southeast Russia is coming to an end.
Cultures in Europe
- Northern Europe :
- Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
-
Northeast Europe :
- Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
- Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
- Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
-
Eastern Europe :
- Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
- Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
- Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
-
Southeast Europe :
-
Greece :
- Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH II (2700 to 2200 BC)
-
Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK II (2700 to 2200 BC) with
- Keros-Syros culture (2700 to 2300 BC)
- Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM II (2700 to 2200 BC)
-
Greece :
-
Central Europe :
- End of the Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy
- Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
- Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy
- Schönfeld culture (2900 to 2100 BC) in Germany and the Czech Republic
- Individual grave culture (2800 to 2300 BC) in northern Germany, Poland , the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia
- Corded ceramic culture (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe, the Baltic States and Russia
-
Western Europe :
- Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
- The Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy is disappearing
- Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
- Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) in central western France - recent level Peu-Richard II
- Artenac culture (2500 to 2000 BC) in western and southwestern France
-
Megalithic structures:
- France (4700 to 2000 BC)
-
Great Britain (from 3800 BC)
- Stonehenge 3 II (2600 to 2400 BC)
-
Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC): Spain and Portugal
- Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
- Vila Nova de São Pedro (2700 to 1300 BC)
- Malta : Tarxien necropolis (2500 to 1500 BC)
Cultures in america
-
North and Central America :
- Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
-
South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
-
Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru with
- Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
- San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Dorn: Turkey, Central Anatolia. DuMont Reiseverlag, 2006, ISBN 3-7701-6616-7 , p. 20
- ↑ Travel tips Costa del Sol . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- ^ Klaus-Arthur Willibald Pohl: Foreign languages and nations. BoD - Books on Demand, 2009, ISBN 3-8370-6448-4 , p. 13
- ↑ The trample . In: Alpaca Universe . Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- ^ Eva Dewes and Doris Tempfer-Naar: Michelin Paris. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2007, ISBN 3-8342-8987-6 , p. 107
- ^ H. Volkmann, Geo, Widengren, E. Visser, Fritz Moritz, Heichelheim, Johannes, Friedrich, Hartmut, Schmökel, Albert Dietrich, Adam, Falkenstein: cuneiform writing research and ancient history of the Near East. Brill Archive, p. 49
- ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .
Web links
Commons : 25th century BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files