25th century BC Chr.

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The 25th century BC Chr. Began v on January 1, 2500. And ended on December 31, 2401 BC. This corresponds to the period 4450 to 4351 before today or the interval 3977 to 3885 radiocarbon years .

Stonehenge

Age / Epoch

• Subboreal in northwestern Europe (3710-450 BC).
• End Neolithic (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe .

Events / developments

The Dolmen de Menga

• Around 2500 BC Chr .:
  • In Asia Minor , small hattic kingdoms emerged.
  • The first Inuit immigrants settle in Greenland (Sarqaq culture).
  • Creation of the Dolmen de Menga , a gallery tomb, which is one of the largest megalithic structures in Europe .
  • In Greece , apnea divers mainly fetch sponges in large quantities from the Mediterranean.
  • In Mesopotamia there is a war between the Sumerian city-states Lagaš and Umma ( Lagaš-Umma War ).
• 2440 to 2100 BC Chr .:
  • Main construction activity in Stonehenge , the sarsen stones are erected.

Inventions and discoveries

• Around 2500 BC Chr .:
  • The Indus script is developed from the Indus culture .
  • The trample is domesticated in Central Asia .
• Around 2450 BC Chr .:
  • On the vulture stele . For the first time, images of chariots can be found (thus also the first military use of the wheel)

Personalities

Statue of Sahure

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Pharaohs of Egypt

• Userkaf (2500–2490 BC / founder of the 5th dynasty )
• Sahure (2490–2475 BC)
• Neferirkare (2475–2465 BC)
• Schepseskare (2465–2460 BC)
• Raneferef (2460–2455 BC)
• Niuserre (2455–2420 BC)
• Menkauhor (2420–2410 BC)
• Djedkare (2410-2380 BC)

Kings of Lagaš

• Akurgal (2490–2470 BC)
• Eanatum (2470–2450 BC)
• En-metena (2430–2400 BC)

King of Ur

• Meskalamdug (around 2500 BC)

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Egypt :
  • Old Empire :
    • 5th Dynasty (2500 to 2318 BC)

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ):
  • Kiš :
    • 2nd Dynasty (2550 to 2400 BC)
  • Uruk :
    • 2nd Dynasty (2520 to 2371 BC)
  • Ur :
    • 1st Dynasty (2550/2500 to 2340 BC)
  • Lagaš :
    • 1st Dynasty (2550 to 2371 BC)
• Iran :
  • Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
  • Schahr-e Suchte III (2500 to 2300 BC)
  • Elam : Old Elamite Period (2700 to 1600 BC)
  • Susa IVA (2600 to 2400 BC)
  • Tepe Yahya IV A (2500 to 2200 BC), Elamite?
• Syria :
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
  • Tall Leilan (5000 to 1726 BC) - Phase IIId and IIa
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
  • First Kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC)
• Turkey :
  • Troy :
    • Troy II (2550 to 2200 BC)
• Bahrain :
  • Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
  • Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
  • Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
  • Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
  • The Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi is coming to an end
  • Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
  • Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
  • Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
  • Shijiahe culture (2600 to 2000 BC) on the middle Yangtze
  • Banshan Machang culture (2500 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
  • Baodun culture (2500 to 1700 BC) in Sichuan
• Korea :
  • Middle Jeulmon Period (3500 to 2000 BC)
• Japan :
  • Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)
• Vietnam :
  • Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
  • Hồng-Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC) on the upper Yellow River

Cultures in South Asia

• Indus Valley :
  • Indus culture : Harappa phase
    • Harappa 3A (2600 to 2450 BC)
    • Harappa 3B (2450 to 2200 BC)
• Balochistan :
  • Mehrgarh : Period VII (from 2600 to 2200 BC), the city is largely abandoned
  • Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

• The Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia , Mongolia and Southeast Russia is coming to an end.

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
• Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
• Eastern Europe :
  • Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
  • Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
  • Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
• Southeast Europe :
  • Greece :
    • Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH II (2700 to 2200 BC)
    • Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK II (2700 to 2200 BC) with
      • Keros-Syros culture (2700 to 2300 BC)
  • Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM II (2700 to 2200 BC)
• Central Europe :
  • End of the Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy
  • Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
  • Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy
  • Schönfeld culture (2900 to 2100 BC) in Germany and the Czech Republic
  • Individual grave culture (2800 to 2300 BC) in northern Germany, Poland , the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia
  • Corded ceramic culture (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe, the Baltic States and Russia
• Western Europe :
  • Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
  • The Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy is disappearing
  • Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
  • Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) in central western France - recent level Peu-Richard II
  • Artenac culture (2500 to 2000 BC) in western and southwestern France
  • Megalithic structures:
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Great Britain (from 3800 BC)
      • Stonehenge 3 II (2600 to 2400 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC): Spain and Portugal
      • Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
      • Vila Nova de São Pedro (2700 to 1300 BC)
    • Malta : Tarxien necropolis (2500 to 1500 BC)

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
  • Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru with
    • Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
  • San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Individual evidence

1. ^ Wolfgang Dorn: Turkey, Central Anatolia. DuMont Reiseverlag, 2006, ISBN 3-7701-6616-7 , p. 20
2. ↑ Travel tips Costa del Sol . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Retrieved February 23, 2012.
3. ^ Klaus-Arthur Willibald Pohl: Foreign languages ​​and nations. BoD - Books on Demand, 2009, ISBN 3-8370-6448-4 , p. 13
4. ↑ The trample . In: Alpaca Universe . Retrieved February 23, 2012.
5. ^ Eva Dewes and Doris Tempfer-Naar: Michelin Paris. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2007, ISBN 3-8342-8987-6 , p. 107
6. ^ H. Volkmann, Geo, Widengren, E. Visser, Fritz Moritz, Heichelheim, Johannes, Friedrich, Hartmut, Schmökel, Albert Dietrich, Adam, Falkenstein: cuneiform writing research and ancient history of the Near East. Brill Archive, p. 49
7. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .

Web links

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