26th century BC Chr.

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The 26th century BC Chr. Began v on January 1, 2600. And ended on December 31, 2501 BC. This corresponds to the period 4550 to 4451 before today or the interval 4069 to 3977 radiocarbon years .

The pyramids of Giza , on the left Mykerinos, in the middle Chephren and on the right that of Cheops ("Great Pyramid")

Age / Epoch

Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
Nordic Middle Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
End Neolithic (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe .

Events / developments

Collars and reconstructed Puabi headdress , British Museum

around 2600 BC Chr .:
- Beginning of the 1st Dynasty (Dynasty of Awan) of the Elam Empire .
- Trade relations of the Sumerians with the Dilmun culture , Magan and Meluḫḫa .
- High time of the pyramids construction with the erection of the pyramids of Giza
- In the Indus culture , the small villages are transformed into uniformly constructed cities with several thousand inhabitants who were no longer primarily active in agriculture. The heyday of Harappa began , a historic city on the upper reaches of the Indus in today's Pakistan . It was from 2600 BC. Until 1800 BC Chr. , A center of the Indus Valley Civilization.
- Tall Leilan in Syria is developing into a big city.
- Establishment of the Chalcolithic settlements of Los Millares and Zambujal in Iberia .
- The Maya language emerges in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in Guatemala .
- With around 1000 inhabitants, Caral becomes the oldest city in the New World.

Around 2580 BC Chr .:
- The Cyclades are heavily influenced by the Minoan culture of Crete . The mother goddess , worshiped in Delos , rises to become a supra-regional deity.

Around 2550/2500 BC Chr .:

Meskalamdug establishes the 1st Dynasty of Ur (in the short chronology 2436 BC).
Royal Tombs of Ur , an early dynastic burial ground of the 1st Dynasty of Ur. In addition to Meskalamdug and Puabi, a large number of entourage were buried.

Around 2550 BC Chr .:

Pharaohs of the 4th dynasty send expeditions to the western desert oases such as B. Dachla , especially for the production of color pigments .
Under Ur-Pabilsag comes the standard of Ur .

Around 2530/2500 BC Chr .:

Mesilim von Kiš, as an arbitrator in the Lagaš-Umma War, set up a border stele to pacify, but this was not respected in the further course.

Inventions and discoveries

The game " Senet " is documented in ancient Egypt on a painting in the tomb of Hesy.

Buildings

Perhaps in the 26th century BC The Great Sphinx of Giza was built. Whether the Egyptian pharaoh Cheops or Chephren was the builder of the Sphinx is still a matter of dispute. In any case, the Sphinx cannot have been built before the Great Pyramid .

From 2600 BC Chr .:
- The bluestones are set up in Stonehenge (phase 3 I) and then the sarsen stones (phase 3 II - 2600 to 2400 BC)

Around 2600 to 2580 BC Chr .:

Construction of the Great Pyramid in Giza .

Around 2550 to 2530 BC Chr .:

The Chephren pyramid in Giza is completed.

2548 BC Chr .:

A boardwalk is being laid through the rain moor of Nieuw-Dordrecht in the Netherlands .

2540 to 2520 BC Chr .:

Construction time of the Mykerinos pyramid in Giza.

Personalities

Statuette of Cheops (Cairo Museum)

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Pharaohs of Egypt

4th dynasty:

Cheops (2620-2580 BC)
Radjedef (2580-2570 BC)
Chephren (around 2572-2546 BC)
Bicheris (around 2530 BC)
Mykerinos (before 2539 – around 2511 BC)
Shepseskaf (2510-2500 BC)
Thamphthis (around 2500 BC)

Kings of Kiš

Enmebaragesi (2615-2585 BC)
Agga (2585-2550 BC)

King of Lagaš

Enheĝal (around 2550 BC)

Emperor of China

Huáng Dì ( Chinese 黃帝 / 黄帝 ) - the mythical Yellow Emperor (2696 to 2598 BC, also 2674 to 2575 BC)

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

The Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with the Gobero site is coming to an end
In Nubia from 3200 BC An organized society, which, however, lasted until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
Egypt :
- Old Empire :
  - 4th Dynasty (2670 to 2500 BC)

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ):
- Kiš :
  - 1st Dynasty (2800 to 2550 BC)
  - 2nd Dynasty (2550 to 2400 BC)
- Uruk :
  - 1st Dynasty (2770 to 2520 BC)
  - 2nd Dynasty (2520 to 2371 BC)
- Ur :
  - 1st Dynasty (2550/2500 to 2340 BC)
- Lagaš :
  - 1st Dynasty (2550 to 2371 BC)

Peace side of the standard of Ur

Iran :
- Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
- Schahr-e Suchte II (2800 to 2500 BC)
- Elam : Old Elamite Period (2700 to 1600 BC)
- Susa IVA (2600 to 2400 BC)
- Tepe Yahya IV B (3000 to 2500 BC), Proto-Elamite
Syria :
- Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
- Tall Leilan (5000 to 1726 BC) - Phase IIId and IIa
- Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
- Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
- First Kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC)
Turkey :
- Troy :
  - Troy I (2950 to 2550 BC)
  - Troy II (2550 to 2200 BC)
Bahrain :
- Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

China :
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
- Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
- Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
- Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
- Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
- The Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi is coming to an end
- Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
- Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
- Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
- Shijiahe culture (2600 to 2000 BC) on the middle Yangtze
Korea :
- Middle Jeulmon Period (3500 to 2000 BC)
Japan :
- Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)
Vietnam :
- Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
- Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC)

Cultures in South Asia

Spread of the Indus culture

Indus Valley :
- Indus culture : Harappa phase, Harappa 3A (2600 to 2450 BC)
Balochistan :
- Mehrgarh : Period VII (from 2600 to 2200 BC), the city is largely abandoned
- Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

Disappearance of the Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)
Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia , Mongolia and Southeast Russia

Cultures in Europe

Northern Europe :
Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
Northeast Europe :
- Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
- Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
- Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
Eastern Europe :
- Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
- Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
- Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
- The Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the eastern Balkans is coming to an end

Coil-shaped pyxis from Chalandriani, Syros , FK II

Southeast Europe :
- Greece :
  - Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH II (2700 to 2200 BC)
  - Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK II (2700 to 2200 BC) with
    - Keros-Syros culture (2700 to 2300 BC)
- Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM II (2700 to 2200 BC)
Central Europe :
- Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy
- Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
- Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy
- Schönfeld culture (2900 to 2100 BC) in Germany and the Czech Republic
- Individual grave culture (2800 to 2300 BC) in northern Germany, Poland , the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia
- Corded ceramics (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe, the Baltic States and Russia

Floor plan of the stone circles of Stonehenge

Western Europe :

Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
End of Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands (around 3180 BC to 2500 BC)

Peterborough Ware expired (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain

Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy

Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium

Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) in central western France - recent level Peu-Richard II

Almeria culture (3250 to 2500 BC) in southeastern Spain - Almeria II

Megalithic cultures :

France (4700 to 2000 BC)

Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC): Spain and Portugal

Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)

Vila Nova de São Pedro (2700 to 1300 BC)

Malta : Tarxien phase (3300/3000 to 2500 BC) - Temple of Tarxien , Ħaġar Qim

Cultures in america

North and Central America :
- Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
- Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru with
  - Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
- San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Individual evidence

↑ Mahmoud Rashad: Iran: History, Culture and Traditions: Ancient Sites and Islamic Art in Persia. DuMont Reiseverlag, 1998, ISBN 3-7701-3385-4 , p. 40
↑ Brigitte Beier: New Chronicle of World History. Wissenmedia Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-577-14639-7 , p. 152
↑ Michael Witzel : The old India. CH Beck, 2010, ISBN 3-406-59717-3 , p. 19
↑ Sphinx of Giza . In: Pyramidenbau.info . Retrieved February 24, 2012
^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .

Web links

Commons : 26th century BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Mahmoud Rashad: Iran: History, Culture and Traditions: Ancient Sites and Islamic Art in Persia. DuMont Reiseverlag, 1998, ISBN 3-7701-3385-4 , p. 40

[2] Brigitte Beier: New Chronicle of World History. Wissenmedia Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-577-14639-7 , p. 152

[3] Michael Witzel : The old India. CH Beck, 2010, ISBN 3-406-59717-3 , p. 19

[4] Sphinx of Giza . In: Pyramidenbau.info . Retrieved February 24, 2012

[5] David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .