30th century BC Chr.

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The 30th century BC Chr. Began on 1 January 3000 v. Chr. And ended v at 31 December 2901. This corresponds to the period 4950 to 4851 before today or the interval 4393 to 4273 radiocarbon years .

Age / Epoch

• Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
• Late Neolithic in Central Europe (3500 to 2800 BC) and Nordic Central Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
• The Early Helladic began in what is now Greece .
• Pre-palace period in Crete .

Events / developments

• The world population was around 3000 BC. About 14 million people.
• Third wave of emigration from the area of ​​the spa culture .
• First settlement in the Moselle valley near Bernkastel-Kues .
• From / around 3000 BC Chr .:
  • Austronesian expansion in the western Pacific.
  • The Philippines are petroglyphs of Angono made.
  • Caral , the oldest known urban settlement on the American continent, is created.
  • Great upheavals occur in Uruk : the entire settlement hill is leveled and new buildings are erected (Uruk III). Possible causes are a dam break or clashes between Sumerians and Semites.
  • Numerous burials at the Mound of the Hostages (Duma na nGiall) in Tara (Ireland) .
• 3000 to 2900 BC Chr .:
  • First urban housing in Byblos , which already has connections with Egypt.

Inventions and discoveries

• around 3000 BC Chr .:
  • In Egypt will papyrus used as writing material.
  • The llama and alpaca are domesticated in South America .
• Since at least 3000 BC Chr. Are lyres and harps for the Sumerians in Mesopotamia known.
• From 3000 BC Chr .:
  • Introduction of the shekel as a unit of weight in Mesopotamia.

Personalities

Grave stele of Djer from Abydos

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates. The ages given are all based on Hornung, Krauss and Warburton (2006).

Pharaohs of Egypt

First dynasty:

• Hor-Aha (around 3000 BC to 2980 BC)
• Teti I (around 2980 BC) - controversial
• Djer (around 2980 BC to 2960 BC)
• Wadji (around 2960 BC to 2930 BC)
• Meritneith - wife of Wadji
• The (around 2930 BC to 2910 BC)
• Anedjib (around 2910 BC to 2890 BC)

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

The castle hill of Troy

• Capsia (9000 to 3000 BC) in Algeria and Tunisia
• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site
• In Nubia from 3200 BC An organized society, which, however, lasted until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
• 1st Dynasty (3080 to 2890 BC) in Egypt

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Jemdet-Nasr period (3100 to 2900 BC) in Mesopotamia ( Sumer )

• Iraq :
  • Uruk - Uruk 3
  • Nineveh - Nineveh 5
  • Nippur - Nippur XIV-XII
  • Tappa Gaura - Gaura 8

• Iran :
  • Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
  • Schahr-e Suchte I (3200 to 2800 BC).
  • Proto-Elamites (3200 to 2700 BC)
    • Tappe Sialk IV (3500 to 3000/2900 BC)
    • Tepe Yahya IV B (3000 to 2500 BC), Proto-Elamite
    • Susa III (3100 to 2900 BC)

• Syria :
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
  • Around 3000 BC The first kingdom is established in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC)

• Turkey :
  • Amuq - Amuq G
  • Malatya (from 3500 BC) - Malatya 6B
  • Mersin - Mersin 12
  • Founding of Troy around 3000/2950 BC BC (Troy I - 3000 to 2600 BC)

• Bahrain :
  • Beginning of the Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China:
  • The Hongshan culture (4700 to 2900 BC) in northeast China ends at the end of the century
  • Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
  • Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
  • Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
  • The Nuomuhong culture (3300 to 2900 BC), Qaidam basin disappears at the end of the century
  • Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
  • Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet

• Japan :
  • Beginning of the Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)

• Vietnam :
  • Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)

• Indus Valley :
  • Indus culture : Ravi aspect of the Hakra phase of Harappa I (3300 to 2800 BC)

• Balochistan :
  • Mehrgarh : Period VI (3000 to 2700 BC)
  • Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

• Siberia :
  • Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)
  • Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia, Mongolia and Southeast Russia

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States

• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania

• Eastern Europe :
  • Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia , and in Ukraine
  • Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
  • Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
  • Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the Eastern Balkans

Idol of the Grotta Pelos culture (3000–2700 BC), probably from Delos , Berlin Collection of Antiquities

• Southeast Europe :
  • Greece :
    • Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH I (3000 to 2700 BC)
    • Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK I (3000 to 2700 BC) with Grotta-Pelos culture (3000 to 2650 BC)
  • Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM I (3000 to 2700 BC)

• Central Europe :
  • Funnel Beaker Culture (Northern Central Europe) - 4200 to 2800 BC Chr.
  • Baden culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Austria , Hungary
  • Cham culture - Bavaria , Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr.
  • Wartberg culture in northern Hesse - 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
  • Horgen culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Switzerland and southwest Germany
  • Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy
  • Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
  • Walternienburg-Bernburg culture (3200 to 2800 BC)
  • Havelländische culture (3200 to 2800 BC) in East Germany
  • Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy
  • Globe amphora culture (3100 to 2700 BC) in Central Europe (up to Ukraine)

• Western Europe :
  • Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
    • Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands (around 3180 BC to 2500 BC)
  • Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain
  • Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC)
  • Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
  • Almeria culture (3250 to 2550 BC) in southeastern Spain - Almeria I
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC) - Spain and Portugal
      • Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
    • Malta : Tarxien phase (3300/3000 to 2500 BC) - Temple of Tarxien , Ħaġar Qim
    • Sardinia : Ozieri culture (usually 4300/4000 to 3200 BC, later dating from 3200 to 2800 BC)
    • England : According to a new dating, the megalithic structure of Stonehenge originates from 3000 BC. Chr.

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.

• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
    • Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru with Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
  • San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dana Facaros and Linda Theodorou: Greece. New Holland Publishers, 2003, ISBN 1-86011-898-4 , p. 32
2. ^ Reynold Alleyne Higgins: Greek and Roman jewelery. University of California Press, 1980, ISBN 0-520-03601-8 , p. 47
3. ↑ Horst Schwartz and Sabine Neumann: Kreta. DuMont Reiseverlag, 2000, ISBN 3-7701-3445-1 , p. 1896
4. ^ Carmen Galenschovski: Crete. Baedeker, 2005, ISBN 3-8297-1089-5 , p. 38
5. ↑ Colin McEvedy and Richard Jones: Atlas of world population history. Penguin, 1978, quoted on worldhistorysite.com
6. ↑ Manfred Reitz : On the trail of time: using scientific methods to decipher past riddles. Wiley-VCH, 2003, ISBN 3-527-30711-7 , p. 221.
7. ↑ Austria Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management: How many species do humans need ?: A search for clues. Böhlau Verlag Vienna, 2010, ISBN 3-205-78516-9 , p. 239
8. ↑ Karl Heinrich Wörner and Lenz Meierott: History of Music: a study and reference book. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1993, ISBN 3-525-27811-X , p. 14.
9. ↑ Founded by Johannes Hoops : Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , Volume 14. Walter de Gruyter, 1999, ISBN 3-11-016423-X , p. 4.
10. ^ Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton: Ancient Egyptian Chronology . Brill Academic Publishers, 2006.
11. ↑ Gebhard J. Selz : Sumerians and Akkadians: History, Society, Culture . CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 3-406-50874-X , pp. 41 .
12. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .
13. ↑ Angelika Franz: New dating: Stonehenge is probably older than previously assumed . On: Spiegel Online of October 9, 2008, last accessed on September 11, 2014.

Web links

Commons : 30th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files