Reign of Breuberg

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The center of the rule was Breuberg Castle (Merian-Stich 1656)

The rule Breuberg was a rule in the northern Odenwald . It emerged from the possession of the charms of Breuberg , the center of which was Breuberg Castle .

history

Charms from Breuberg

Breuberg Castle, main castle and gate building

The origin of the rule is closely linked to the noble family of the same name . This initially provided the Fulda followers, in 1189 a charm from Lützelbach from Lützelbach . Lützelbach Castle was probably their ancestral home. Breuberg Castle was built around 1200 as a Fulda fief , and the noble family was first documented in 1222 with the new Breuberg designation of origin . In the course of the high Middle Ages, the Breubergers succeeded in alienating the original church property. Parallel developments are frequent during this time, in the immediate vicinity, for example, at the Erbach taverns , who at the same time benefited from the dissolution of the Lorsch property in the Odenwald. By inheritance when the Lords of Büdingen became extinct , the charms of Breuberg had also been fortunate in the Wetterau since 1239 , where they can be proven through the granting of fiefs to the Lords of Büches , Carben and the rogues of Bergen .

Propsteig building of the Höchst monastery

The rulership in the northern Odenwald was already established at the beginning of the documentary tradition and, in addition to the Zent Lützelbach , essentially comprised the Zent Höchst and the Zent Brombach . The Neustadt court was added later and formed an independent fourth part, which emerged from the castle freedom as a castle settlement of Breuberg Castle. The castle in Lützelbach was last mentioned in 1200 and then apparently abandoned. The castles Breuberg and Kirchbrombach formed the core of the rule . The first mention of Höchst im Odenwald in 1156 presupposes a place of jurisdiction there, which was formed from the Fulda Upper Bailiwick Umstadt as a lower bailiff . The Breuberg had presumably so that the court rule obtained. The Lords of Breuberg probably also founded the provost's office at the Höchst Monastery before 1219 .

First condominium

development

The Lords of Breuberg died in 1323 with the death of Eberhard III. in the male line. His two daughters were heiresses:

as well as two nieces:

  • Kunizza, married to Konrad von Trimberg and
  • Mechthild.

The heirs formed a condominium .

After the death of Konrad V in 1328 and the remarriage of his widow, Luckarde, the Weinberg district was divided into an Eppstein and a Weinberg eighth.

Konrad von Trimberg obtained Mechthild's renunciation in his favor in 1329 and thus held half of the rule, but pledged all of this to Rudolf von Wertheim and Gottfried V von Eppstein in 1336 , whereby Eppstein sold this Trimberg quarter in 1341 at the latest.

In the middle of the 14th century, Wertheim held three quarters of the dominions of Weinsberg and Eppstein each an eighth. The Weinberg eighth fell after the death of Conrad VI. von Weinsberg in 1366 also to Eppstein. Also in 1366 or 1367, Ulrich IV. Von Hanau, as Rudolf von Wertheim's son-in-law, received a third of the Wertheim's share. In 1409 the Counts of Wertheim were able to buy back these shares. At the end of the 14th century, the Eppstein quarter seems to have been pledged to several regional lower-nobility ganerbe .

Under the mediation of the Palatinate , the Erbacher Schenken received a quarter of the castle in an exchange agreed in Heidelberg in 1399 without vassals and shares in Neustadt , which was founded in 1378 as a castle settlement below the castle. In exchange, the Counts of Wertheim received a share in Reichenberg Castle in the Gersprenz valley . The purpose of this trade was apparently to force the lower aristocratic Ganerbeer party out of the castle by more powerful territorial lords and to prevent raids from Breuberg Castle. Wertheim, however, could only have little interest in a powerful opposing party, as it was clearly trying to obtain sole ownership of the castle and lordship as a residence for its younger line. The Counts of Wertheim managed to acquire the Eppstein quarter just one year later. The Wertheim partition statute of 1398 provided for the expansion of the Breuberg rule as the heartland of the younger line. It was not until 1497 that the Wertheimers succeeded in taking full possession of the castle and the lordship by releasing the Eppsteinisch-Erbachische district.

Graphic overview of the condominium

Ownership shares during the time as a condominium 1323–1497

Period Men's Remarks
1323-1328 Elisabeth von Breuberg
Wertheim ¼ 		Kunizza from Breuberg
Trimberg ¼ 		husband
Mechthild von Breuberg ¼ not known by name		 Luckarde from Breuberg
Weinsberg ¼ 		Division of the estate of the Lords of Breuberg , division of four quarters to the daughters and nieces of Eberhard III. or their husbands
1328/1329 Wertheim ¼ Trimberg ¼ Mechthild von Breuberg ¼ Eppstein ⅛ Weinberg ⅛ With the death of Konrad V von Weinsberg in 1328 and the remarriage of his widow Luckarde von Breuberg to Gottfried V von Eppstein, half of the Weinberg share (= one eighth of the total property) fell to Eppstein.
1329-1336 Wertheim ¼ Trimberg ½ Eppstein ⅛ Weinberg ⅛ Mechthild von Breuberg waived in favor of Konrad von Trimberg
1336 – 1341 at the latest Wertheim ½ Eppstein ⅜ Weinberg ⅛ Konrad von Trimberg transferred his half to Wertheim and Eppstein in 1336.
1341-1366 Wertheim ¾ Eppstein ⅛ Weinberg ⅛ In 1341 at the latest, the former Trimberg district of Eppstein was pledged to Wertheim.
1366 or 1367-1399 Hanau ¼ Wertheim ½ Eppstein ¼ With the death of Konrad VI. von Weinsberg In 1366 the Weinberg eighth fell to Eppstein. In 1366 or 1367 Ulrich von Hanau received a third of the previous Wertheim share.
1399/1400 Hanau ¼ Gift from Erbach ¼ Wertheim ¼ (Eppstein ¼), pledged to a lower aristocratic Ganerbe party In the meantime, Eppstein pledged his quarter to an inheritance party, which is why in the Reichenberg Treaty in 1399 the quarter previously pledged by Eppstein to Wertheim was exchanged for a share in Reichenberg.
1400-1409 Hanau ¼ Erbach ¼ Wertheim ½ Wertheim was able to acquire the pledged Eppsteiner Viertel just a year later.
1409-1497 Erbach ¼ Wertheim ¾ Wertheim bought back the Hanau quarter in 1409
1497-1556 Wertheim sole ownership In 1497 Wertheim released the Eppsteinisch-Erbachische pledge and became the sole property of the rulers.

Bills of the Counts of Wertheim

The invoices received from the Counts of Wertheim in the Breuberg domain in the period 1409–1485 are a rarity . These statements of accounts, either as individual, monthly or annual accounts, give a detailed insight into the property, economic and living conditions of that time. These bills arose from the accounting of the condominium and the guardianship of Johann II zu Wertheim (around 1365–1444) through his stepbrother Michael I zu Breuberg , who was actually entitled to the Wertheim-Breuberg- Schweinberger property.

Sole ownership in Wertheim (1497–1556)

Beginnings

With the sole ownership of the Counts of Wertheim , intensive construction work began on Breuberg Castle under Count Michael II. With the expansion of the castle, the town of Neustadt below was also upgraded. The development of the city to the economic center ran largely parallel to the expansion of the castle, but began before the Wertheim sole ownership. In 1456 Count Wilhelm von Wertheim set up a court for men under the linden tree in Neustadt.

Count Georg II von Wertheim, son of Michael II, died in 1530 after nine years of reign. For the underage son, Michael III., Countess Barbara von Wertheim , Count Wilhelm IV. Von Eberstein and Schenk Christoph von Limpurg worked as guardians .

reformation

Due to the pervasive Reformation there were in the reign Breuberg "alerley yrungen (trials)" as a letter from the bailiff Georg von der Than occupied since "etlich pawren (farmers) on lutryß (Lutheran) Weyss" confession and also rejected the early ecclesiastical sacrament. The guardians reacted with a letter on May 14, 1537 clearly in favor of the Reformation-friendly attitude of the subjects and referred to a church ordinance probably by Johann Eberlin von Günzberg , published in 1527/28 and confirmed by Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon , which was in the county of Wertheim was introduced before the death of George II (1530).

When the Reformation was introduced, a number of things had to be regulated: suitable pastors who represented the new doctrine had to be found, the salaries of pastors who now had a family to support had to be regulated, as well as the provisions for the poor and widows and the organization of the school system, which was very important to the Countess.

In 1537, Johann Specklin (Speckel) came from Michelstadt, where he is mentioned as a mass priest in 1526 , to Raibach. In fact, he was the first superintendent (" regional bishop ") of the Breuberg rule. The following were among the first Protestant pastors in the Breuberg rule:

  • Sandbach : before 1541: Werner Crabronius; 1541-1542 † Conrad Frabricius (Schmid); 1542-1543: Johannes Weitpot; 1547: Volpert Fischer; 1550-1554: Melchior Mayer; 1555/1557: Christoph Beihel; 1557-1569 † Johannes Scherpff.
  • Raibach ( Rai-Breitenbach ): 1537- (?) Johannes Speckel (from 1542 branch of Sandbach).
  • Kirch-Brombach : 1542/1543: Johannes Speckel; 15 (44) 45-1554: Conrad Krauthauß.
  • Vielbrunn : 1541: Johannes Stoltz; 1543-1545: Johannes Weitpot; 1545-1550: Johannes Scherpff; 1553/1554: Hartmann Hartmanni; 1554/1555: Philipp So (h) m; 1557 (substitute): M. Johannes Ulrich; 1557-1569: Johannes Würzburger.
  • Lützelbach : 1541-1543: Johannes Pictoris; 1543: Johannes Weitpot (from 1543 a branch of Vielbrunn).

The other places like the city of Neustadt (Breuberg) , the castle chapel Breuberg , Höchst u. a., were looked after by the parish of Sandbach or by the clergy belonging to the respective parish church.

Michael III

Epitaph of Michael III. von Wertheim in the Evangelical Church of Sandbach .

In this sense, Barbara's son, Michael III. his rule. At the age of 15, he studied in Wittenberg and Leipzig for a year 1544/45 . After his return to the county (1545) he married Katharina von Stolberg in 1550.

With Michael III. the Counts of Wertheim died out in 1556. He was buried in the Protestant church in Sandbach , the richly decorated epitaph has been preserved.

Second condominium

Beginning

Grafschaft Erbach 1645 (with the reign of Breuberg)
County of Erbach and Lordship of Breuberg 1793

The legacy again led to a condominate:

  • The counts Eberhard, Georg and Valentin von Erbach, as descendants of the daughter of Michael II, received half of the total, as had been determined in 1551 by the Reichenberger inheritance contract.
  • According to a contract from 1553, Count Ludwig zu Stolberg received the other half . His claims were based on the fact that, on the one hand, his older daughter Katharina with Michael III. had been married. On the other hand, his mother Anna was the heir to the Eppstein family, who still had, at least in theory, the right to redeem the pledged parts of the castle and manor.

The kondominial reigning heirs succeeded, the monastery peak , which was in the reign Breuberg by 1556, citing the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 in a regulated process in the monastery funds to convert, paid from the income pastors and teachers, church easements denied schools have , Scholarships for schoolchildren and students and the costs of poor relief were paid.

17th century

Through purchase and contracts, the Löwensteiners managed to get the original Stolberg share into their possession by the beginning of the 17th century . They called themselves Löwenstein-Wertheim now . With the division of the Löwenstein main line, the Catholic line Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort was the owner of half of the Breuberg estate, later the Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg line . The Erbacher half was also in changing ownership of different lines due to the different divisions of the inheritance, after their extinction again in the main line until it finally came to the youngest line Erbach-Schönberg under Count Georg August in 1747 . The division in two halves between the Löwenstein-Wertheim and Erbach houses remained constant until the end of the Old Kingdom and was decisive for the rest of history. The territory was now mostly referred to as the community of Breuberg , which is still indicated today by boundary stones with the letters GHB.

In the Thirty Years' War , both parties, who belonged to different denominations, sometimes openly fought each other, mostly over possession of the Breuberg Fortress. The ownership of the plant changed several times with the fortunes of war of the respective party.

The Breuberger Land was not spared from armed conflicts in the following time, but the owners were no longer on different sides. In the Palatinate War of Succession , in May 1693, they initially refused to accept a Hessian-Kasselian garrison to protect them from the French. They later took on 40 infantrymen from Electoral Saxony . During the War of the Austrian Succession , the French succeeded in taking Breuberg from Otzberg in May 1743 through the ruse of a Palatinate forester . However, this was of no importance for the war, because they had to vacate the area again a month after the battle of Dettingen . The French attempt to move a garrison to the fortress two years later failed because the rulers wanted to remain neutral and had the garrison reinforced in good time by soldiers from the Frankish Empire . At Sandbach there was a brief skirmish between the French and the Austrians.

Mediatization

When the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt joined the Rhine Confederation in 1806, Napoleon raised her to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and was also allowed to appropriate the rule of Breuberg. There the area belonged to the province of Starkenburg and was continued as a civil office of Breuberg. As compensation, the heads of the families of the Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim and the Counts of Erbach received the status of landlords , which was subsequently also associated with a seat in the first chamber of the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

Hofrat Ferdinand Jakob Beck (* approx. 1762; † 1834) worked in the Breuberg office from July 28, 1808 to October 12, 1821 as a sovereign official and from 1817 as a sovereign government official .

Until the administrative reform of 1821/22, administration and jurisdiction were not separate in the Breuberg rule. That changed now. In 1822 district councils and district courts were formed here as well. The administration was now carried out by the Grand Ducal Hessian Princely Löwenstein Wertheimische and Graeflich Erbach Schönberg District District District Breuberg , the jurisdiction by the Grand Ducal Hessian Princely Löwenstein Wertheimische and Graeflich Erbach Schönberg District Court Höchst . The reign of Breuberg ceased to exist.

territory

Geographical location

The rule of Breuberg was bounded to the north and west by the Palatinate territory of Oberamt Otzberg and the Umstadt condominium . In the south the area of ​​the Schenken von Erbach extended , in the east towards the Main many places and the Bachgau were in Electoral Mainz possession.

Components

An exact assignment of today's places to rulership cannot always be made due to often complicated ownership and fiefdom relationships and overlapping rights and authorizations. A clue for the affiliation can be, if a place after Sandbach or Kirchbrombach parish or a majority of the tithe paid to the rulership. This mainly affects the districts of today's communities Breuberg , Lützelbach , Höchst im Odenwald and Brombachtal , of which the first three are still referred to as Breuberger Land .

Cent maximum

Cent Kirchbrombach

Cent Lützelbach

Law

In the area of ​​the lordship of Breuberg, Erbach law was applicable .

literature

  • Breuberg (rule). In: Gerhard Köbler : Historical Lexicon of the German Lands. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 2nd, improved edition. CH Beck, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-406-33290-0 , p. 77.
  • Wolfram Becher: History of the Breuberg up to the 14th century. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Fourth revised edition, published by the Breuberg-Bund , Neustadt 1979, pp. 19–40.
  • Karl Ernst Demandt : History of the State of Hesse. 2nd edition, Bärenreiter-Verlag , Kassel / Basel, 1972, ISBN 3-7618-0404-0 , pp. 492-494.
  • Hermann Ehmer: The Counts of Wertheim and the Reformation of the Breuberg rule , in: Churches in the Breuberger Land. Rai-Breitenbach , ed. on behalf of the Höchst Monastery Fund by Pastor Thomas Geibel, Höchst 1989, pp. 9–35.
  • Ders .: Count Michael III. von Wertheim (1529–1556) , in: Churches in the Breuberger Land. Sandbach. Wald-Amorbach , ed. on behalf of the Höchst Monastery Fund by Pastor Paul Trupp, Höchst 1992, pp. 74–89.
  • Ders .: Countess Barbara von Wertheim and the Reformation in Rai-Breitenbach , in: City of Breuberg - 1200 years of Rai-Breitenbach , ed. on behalf of the city of Breuberg from the Rai-Breitenbach local advisory board, Breuberg 1997, pp. 139–145.
  • Friedrich Höreth: The County of Erbach and the Lordship of Breuberg before the Thirty Years' War. Publisher Franz in Erbach 1930.
  • Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald (Grafschaft Erbach, Herrschaft Breuberg, Herrschaft Fränkisch-Crumbach). Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt in 1958 ( sources and research on Hessian history 19 ), especially pp. 78–97.
  • Erich Langguth: New building blocks for the Reformation history of the Breuberg rule , in: Churches in the Breuberger Land. Sandbach. Wald-Amorbach , ed. on behalf of the Höchst Monastery Fund by Pastor Paul Trupp, Höchst 1992, pp. 45–73.
  • Anke Stößer: Lords between the Rhine and the Odenwald. In: Winfried Speitkamp (ed.): Knights, Counts and Princes - secular dominions in the Hessian area approx. 900-1806. Marburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 (= Handbook of Hessian History 3 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 63), pp. 152–170, esp. Pp. 161–163.
  • Hans Teubner and Sonja Bonin: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Odenwaldkreis. Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen , Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1998 ( Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ), ISBN 3-528-06242-8 , pp. 20f.
  • Winfried Wackerfuß : The interest book of the lordship of Breuberg from 1426. Published by the Breuberg-Bund, Breuberg-Neustadt 2004, ISBN 3-922903-08-8 .
  • Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Fourth revised edition, published by the Breuberg-Bund, Neustadt 1979, pp. 41-60.
  • Michael Weber: Barbara von Wertheim - Guardian Regent in the Reformation , in: "gelurt" - Odenwälder Yearbook for Culture and History 2017 , ed. from the district archive Odenwald, Erbach 2016, pp. 41–55.
  • Thomas Wehner: Wertheim (here in particular: Development of the Lutheran church system and introduction of the Reformation in the rule of Breuberg under Countess Widow Barbara , p. 222ff.), In: Catholic life and church reform in the age of religious schism. Association publications of the society for the publication of the Corpus Catholicorum , Ed. Klaus Ganzer. The territories of the empire in the age of the Reformation and confessionalization. Country and Confession 1500–1650, Part 4, Central Germany , Münster 1992, pp. 214–232.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mechtild's husband is not known by name.
  2. ↑ Wertheim owned a quarter, a further quarter as a Trimberg and a third quarter as a Trimberg-Eppstein pledge.
  3. ↑ Among them were Philipp VII. And VIII. Von Falkenstein , Kraft von Bellersheim , Konrad Krieg von Altheim and Sibold V. Schelm .
  4. ↑ This distribution of goods was based on the division regulation of 1398 by the father, Johann I. von Wertheim (1340–1407). The end of guardianship began with the marriage between Michael I, when he was thirteen, and Sophia Countess von Henneberg-Aschbach on January 26, 1413 but dragged on until 1418.
  5. ↑ This also included the sacrament of death, because in this context “prejudicial (contemptuous) word (s)” were used. Likewise, they were not prepared to pay the related taxes to the priest, who was called to the official act, but was not paid by the relatives ("dy heirs").
  6. ↑ “Therefore so exhort, cheer and want to sincerely have from you, that we are now clearly loud and pure Evangelion for the poor people, as we are left with Christ and the holy apostles to all The end of the world has commanded to proclaim and she has commanded, on all human enhancement and church merit (e) n, as bither vil is done, also preached and proclaimed. ”The pilgrimages, the keeping of the sacrament in the tabernacle, now become the abuses Corpus Christi procession and "other me (h) r abuses" counted, which were probably still practiced in 1537 in the rule. On the other hand, the pastors should keep the sacraments in “baiderley form”, “baptize children, the sick, make wedding”. The pastors were each sent "a postill [probably M. Luther's" Deutsche Postille "from 1521] and church regulations" as further training literature. The “mess” is “a particularly necessary and divine piece of our faith”, although it is now to be celebrated according to the new church order. The letter ends with a clear command: The pastors “have to cover themselves and inspect the regulations” and then go to the “Gn. frawen von Wertheim, wittib etc. "to appear on the day of Pentecost" and ir gut, know they are careful to open. "
  7. ↑ The filling of the pastor's posts was problematic at the beginning, because there was no legal basis to fill a pastor's post without the consent of the local bishop. A letter from Countess Barbara in 1535 reveals the procedure: The Aschaffenburg canon Wendelin Becker held the pastoral position in Vielbrunn. But he did not take care of them himself, but left them to another pastor, to whom he awarded part of the benefices of the local church. This kind of beneficiary sharing between the job holder and his deputy on site was a common but also controversial practice, which often led to pastoral work being neglected in the local rural communities. In this situation, the rulers in charge saw themselves obliged to intervene by virtue of their right to appoint parishes. Countess Barbara acted within this legal framework when, after the death of the deputy in Vielbrunn, she requested in a letter from the post holder and canon Becker that he should take care of his pastor himself or that she was forced to fill the pastor's position in Vielbrunn with a pastor of her choice. Canon Becker kept the parish, but had to accept a smaller portion of the beneficiary. It is uncertain to what extent the pastor's position was immediately filled with a Protestant pastor. It was not until 1541 that a pastor, Johann Stolz, was documented there again (Hermann Ehmer: The Counts of Wertheim and the Reformation of Breuberg . In: On behalf of the Höster Klosterfonds Pastor Thomas Geibel (ed.): Churches in the Breuberger Land. Rai -Breitbach, Höchst, p. 25th f . ) The situation is similar with the occupation of the pastoral position in Raibach (Rai-Breitenbach). The Wertheim government succeeded in taking over the vacant pastor's position from Gans von Otzberg and filling it with a “Christian pastor”. This should be the mainstays of the Reformation in the reign Breuberg be (Thomas Wehner: Wertheim . S. 224 . ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Valentin Ferdinand Gudenus : Codex Diplomaticvs: Exhibens Anecdota Ab Anno DCCCLXXXI, Ad MCCC. Mogvntiaca, Ivs Germanicvm, Et SRI Historiam Illvstrantia. Göttingen 1743, p. 293 f. No. 106.
  2. ↑ Thomas Steinmetz: Castles in the Odenwald. Verlag Ellen Schmid, Brensbach 1998, ISBN 3-931529-02-9 , p. 44; Holger Göldner: Discovered the family castle of the Breubergers? In: hessenARCHÄOLOGIE 2001 , p. 139.
  3. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 79 f.
  4. ↑ Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Neustadt 1979, p. 46.
  5. ↑ Preserved in the Hessian State Archives Marburg (StA MR, documents R Ia, Fulda Abbey 1156), Heinrich Wagner: The first naming of Höchst im Odenwald 1156. In: Verein für Heimatgeschichte Höchst e. V. (Ed.): Contributions to the history of Höchst in the Odenwald , Höchst 2006
  6. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 89 f.
  7. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 91 f.
  8. ^ Winfried Wackerfuß: Cultural, economic and social history of the Odenwald in the 15th century: The oldest accounts for the Counts of Wertheim in the lordship of Breuberg (1409–1484). Breuberg-Bund , Breuberg-Neustadt 1991, ISBN 3-922903-04-5 .
  9. ↑ Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Neustadt 1979, pp. 48-51.
  10. ↑ Erich Langguth: New building blocks for the Reformation history of the Breuberg rule . In: On behalf of the Höchst Monastery Fund by Pastor Paul Trupp (Ed.): Churches in the Breuberger Land. Sandbach. Forest Amorbach . Höchst 1992, p. 46 .
  11. ↑ Erich Langguth: New building blocks for the history of the Reformation ... p. 48 f .
  12. ^ Michael Weber: Barbara von Wertheim - Guardian Regent in the Reformation . In: Kreisarchiv Odenwaldkreis (ed.): "Gelurt" Odenwälder yearbook for culture and history 2017 . Erbach 2016, p. 50 .
  13. ^ Thomas Wehner: Wertheim . In: Klaus Ganzer (ed.): Catholic life and church reform in the age of religious schism. Inscriptions of the Society for the Publication of the Corpus Catholicorum . tape 52 . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, p. 223 .
  14. ↑ Erich Langguth: New building blocks for the Reformation history of the Breuberg rule . S. 73 .
  15. ^ Hermann Ehmer: Count Michael III. von Wertheim (1529 - 1556) . In: Churches in the Breuberger Land. Sandbach. Forest Amorbach . S. 79 f .
  16. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 92 f .; Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Neustadt 1979, pp. 48-51.
  17. ^ Hermann Ehmer: The Counts of Wertheim and the Reformation of the Breuberg rule . S. 30th f .
  18. ↑ Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Neustadt 1979, p. 72; Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 22 f.
  19. ↑ Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Neustadt 1979, p. 75 f.
  20. ↑ Rhine Federation Act, Article 24
  21. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Announcement concerning the formation of the district councilor and district court of Breuberg, dated May 8, 1822 (Reg. = Bl. No. 18 p. 199) online at Google Books
  23. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 150
  24. ^ "Arnheiter Hof, Odenwaldkreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of April 26, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  25. ↑ a b "Höchst im Odenwald, Odenwaldkreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 29, 2010). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  26. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 156
  27. ↑ Homestead group ( Balsbach, Odenwaldkreis . In: LAGIS: Historisches Ortslexikon ; as of March 15, 2018).
  28. ^ Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. Darmstadt 1958, p. 163
  29. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 109.