Berlin-Baumschulenweg
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Baumschulenweg district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 27 '54 " N , 13 ° 29' 10" E |
| height | ≈ 34 m above sea level NN |
| surface | 4.82 km² |
| Residents | 18,842 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 3909 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1920 |
| Post Code | 12437 |
| District number | 0903 |
| structure | |
| Administrative district | Treptow-Koepenick |
| Locations | |
Baumschulenweg (emphasis on the last syllable) is a district in the Treptow-Köpenick district of Berlin . The name and history of the district are closely linked to the Späth'schen nursery, which was known around the world at the time and still exists today . Baumschulenweg was formed in 1945 from the southern part of the Treptow district. The district is popularly known as "Baume".
geography
Baumschulenweg is located in the north-western part of the Treptow-Köpenick district and is on the border with the Neukölln district . In the Treptow-Köpenick district, the district Plänterwald borders in the north and the districts Oberschöneweide , Niederschöneweide and Johannisthal in the east from north to south . In the Neukölln district , the districts of Neukölln , Britz and Rudow form the neighboring districts from north to south .
The Spree flows past Baumschulenweg on the northeastern border and the Teltow Canal on the southwestern border . The Spree is connected to the Teltow Canal by the Britzer connecting canal , which for the most part alternates between the eastern border and the narrowest part of the town towards the western border.
The north-eastern part of Baumschulenweg is a densely built-up residential area in which, in addition to the communal facilities, there are some sports facilities. The residential buildings range from terraced houses to stately houses and tenements to Q3A residential buildings. The southwestern part of Baumschulenweg is more loosely built with the local locations Daheim and Späthsfelde.
Baumschulenweg has only been a separate district since 1945. It was formed from the southern part of the Treptow district and is therefore part of the history of Treptow .
history
Beginning of settlement
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The area on which today's Baumschulenweg is located was initially not an independent village, but as its southernmost part belonged to the rural community of Treptow. The so-called Hinterheide was only sparsely populated. A forester's house has come down to us from 1794 , in which the forester Ernst supervised the deforestation of the Berlin city forest Köllnische Heide from 1823 . A street near the train station has been named after him since 1894. In the interests of a better budget balance, the local authorities decided to log the land so that it could be used commercially. With the exception of a few acres at what is now the Schlesisches Busch and today's Gasthaus Zenner , the Kölln Heath was almost completely cleared between 1829 and 1840. After Treptow was declared an estate district in 1841 and in January 1852 the division of the area into parcels and the settlement of the Rixdorf community, the Treptow colonists, leaseholders and other landowners had ended, the expansion of the area could begin. The forestry department on Kanner Chaussee (today: Rixdorfer Straße), which had become dispensable due to the clearing, came into the possession of Mr. Müßig and was converted into Gut Marienthal . At times the estate belonged to Rixdorf . Until the founding of the rural community Treptow on January 22, 1876, Gut Marienthal was the only settlement in the area of what is now the Baumschulenweg district.
The growing place
The then forthcoming General German Agricultural Traveling Exhibition in 1894 and the Berlin Trade Exhibition in 1896 triggered increased building activities throughout Treptow. The Berlin building and housing cooperative from 1892 built, for example, a row house settlement in the years 1894 to 1896 at Behringstrasse 13-19, 38-48, Marientaler Strasse 3-11, 17-23 and 6-20 and in Ernststrasse 10-18 and 11-23. Although they were planned as two-family houses for workers, they were sold as single-family houses after their completion. Most of the houses built with yellow and red bricks are now a listed building. The move of the L. Späth nursery from Köpenicker Straße (today: Köpenicker Landstraße) to Britzer and Rudower Wiesen in 1863 was the main impetus for the formation of the future Baumschulenweg district. After Franz Ludwig Späth had bought their meadows from sixty owners, he founded his tree nursery there, which he led to world fame and expanded into the world's largest tree nursery. Although the tree nursery was no longer in the Treptow area due to the move, Späth had a great influence on the development of the place. The manor house built by Späth in 1874 has surrounded a house park since 1879, today's Späth-Arboretum . The park was designed in the style of an English landscape park based on plans by the first Berlin city gardening director, Johann Heinrich Gustav Meyer , and served as a test and show garden for numerous new introductions and new cultivations of woody plants. In addition to the tall trees, the arboretum also had a rosarium .
When the Görlitzer Bahn line was expanded , the extraordinarily fast-growing town was given a stop on the Ablageweg in 1890. The stop was initially named after the Kanne forestry department. The Ablageweg, the access road from Köpenicker Straße to the tree nursery through the village, was also known as Baumschulenweg. This name was adopted for the stop, which was expanded to a suburban station in 1902–1906. The filing path was then paved on the initiative of Franz Späth and renamed Baumschulenstrasse . The municipal representatives of Treptow would have liked to emphasize the affiliation to the municipality with the designation "Treptow-Süd". However, since a post and telegraph office had already been set up in the village and the Görlitzer Bahn stop was named, the Reichspost , the Royal Railway Directorate, the District Administrator and Economist Franz Späth put the name "Baumschulenweg" through as the official name for the place.
At the turn of the 20th century, municipal tasks were tackled and the infrastructure expanded. Thus, among other things, Treptow and thus Baumschulenweg were connected to the network of the Berlin electricity works in 1903 . Between 1903 and 1906, a sewer system for the process water was built in cooperation with Britz , Neukölln , Marienfelde and Mariendorf . The streets were expanded and provided with lighting. In 1901 the first school building was built in Mosischstrasse and made it easier for the children to get to school, who had previously had to walk to Alt-Treptow or Niederschöneweide. In 1908 the place is connected to the Berlin tram network by the Berlin Ostbahnen . Treptow contributed financially to the construction of the Teltow Canal (1901 to 1906) and had the Britzer-Kanne-Zweig Canal built south of the village of Baumschulenweg. The excavation was used to fill the embankment of the Stadtbahn to Grünau . The resulting underpasses had a positive effect on the flow of traffic and the development: the first houses in the direction of Plänterwald were built. However, even after the construction work on the Teltow Canal was completed, the groundwater level sank and the jug dried up. The farmers had to give up the meadows between Neukölln and Treptow. The nursery was also affected and created a new deep well, which exacerbated the problem. In addition to several schools that arose in Treptow, a private lyceum was founded in Baumschulenweg in 1909 , which passed into municipal ownership in 1911. In Baumschulenweg, the first church in Treptow was inaugurated in 1911 with the Protestant church Zum Vaterhaus . The design for the church came from Heinrich Reinhardt and Georg Süßenguth , who also designed the Treptow town hall. One problem that still needed a solution was the burial of the deceased. For this purpose, the urn grove on the Königsheide was expanded into the Baumschulenweg cemetery in 1912/1913 . At the same time, the second Berlin crematorium (after the one in the Wedding district ) was built in this area according to plans by Erich Bienz and Mathias Bardenheuer.
Despite the growth and great efforts to expand the urban infrastructure, Baumschulenweg appeared to many Berliners to be an inhospitable area on the outermost periphery of the city. The editors of the trade journal Berliner Architekturwelt described the location with an ironic undertone in a report on the second clay, cement and lime industry exhibition, which was organized with considerable effort in 1910 and attracted many visitors :
"Baumschulenweg! - How many Berliners know this advanced post from Rixdorf , whose only advantages are currently only the countless playing barefoot children, leafy colonies and the proximity of the Plänterwald along the Spree with its secretive beauties and good cycle paths! One assumes a daring boldness bordering on recklessness when one hears that a technical exhibition has been set up here for a short time of eight weeks with sparse connections with the city center, [...] But what kind of cosmopolitan city conditions, if one There is no other place for such an undertaking than, so to speak, in the outermost neighborhood, reclaimed in a desolate area in inhospitable building land, with dusty, poorly paved driveways, a homeopathically prescribed suburban train service three times an hour and a tram line! "
Incorporation to Berlin
On October 1, 1920, the " Law on the Formation of a New City Council Berlin " came into force. As part of the former rural community Treptow Baumschulenweg was now in the 15th Treptow administrative district of Greater Berlin . The Späth'schen tree nurseries, which were not previously in the area of the rural community Treptow, now belonged to the Neukölln district, Britz district .
The increasing number of schoolchildren in town made it necessary to introduce parallel classes in the Baumschulenweg Lyzeum . In addition, new schools were built.
To alleviate the housing shortage, various new settlements were built from 1924 onwards. This is how the Reichsbahnsiedlung was built between Baumschulenstrasse, Forsthausallee and the Britzer Zweigkanal. The perimeter development was also continued between Baumschulenstrasse and Heidekampweg. Between 1927 and 1932, the Ojoreila housing association built the spacious residential complex in Südostallee according to plans by Walter Kaas .
time of the nationalsocialism
The Berlin regional reform with effect from April 1, 1938 resulted in numerous straightening of the district boundaries as well as some major changes to the area. Since then, the new district border has run along the Britz connecting canal and the Teltow canal . The Späth'schen Baumschulen, previously in Britz , were now in the area of Baumschulenweg.
On November 9, 1938, during the notorious " Reichspogromnacht ", as in the entire German Reich , Jewish shops in Baumschulenweg were devastated by NSDAP supporters. So that was haberdashery treatment Hermann Bry looted in the Baumschulenstraße 12, the owner Emma Bry in the 1942 Theresienstadt deported there in 1944 killed. The Kiefholz market, which was built in the 1930s at Kiefholzstrasse 261–266 and existed at this location until residential buildings were built in the second half of the 1950s, gained inglorious importance when the local newspaper Baumschulenweger Beobachter am a few days after the pogrom November 15, 1938 proclaimed in large lines: “Warning! The Kiefholzmarkt is free of Jews! ”.
Hellmut Späth , the last owner of what was once the largest tree nursery in the world, was convicted in 1943 on the grounds of “dealing with Jews and hidden propaganda against Germany” and, after serving his imprisonment, was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where he was presumably on February 15 Was shot dead by prisoners during a mass execution in 1945.
The Battle of Berlin began on April 16, 1945 and was the last major battle of World War II in Europe. As of April 24, Baumschulenweg was in the hands of the 8th Guard Army of the 1st Belarusian Front .
After 1945 and GDR
After the end of the Second World War, Baumschulenweg became a separate district. The district of Treptow was divided along the dam path. To the north was the old, smaller part of Treptow and to the south the new district Baumschulenweg, which remained in the Treptow district. The Treptow district, and with it Baumschulenweg, fell under Soviet control after the administrative division of Greater Berlin by the Allied victorious powers .
Between 1953 and 1965, the reparable war damage to the buildings was repaired and new residential complexes ( Q3A ) were built on Heidekampweg. A closed settlement area was created between the Treptow town hall and Baumschulenweg, today the Plänterwald district .
The Späth'sche tree nursery was transferred to trust property in 1947 and public property in 1949 . The arboretum came on September 1, 1961 to the Institute for Special Botany at the Humboldt University in Berlin , which in 1969 was assigned to the Museum of Natural History. The old mansion on Späthstrasse has since served as the seat of the professorships for botany / biology didactics and for special botany of the Institute for Biology of Faculty I of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The rosarium , which was destroyed during the Second World War, is now the systematic department with medicinal and aromatic plants -Quartier. The entire complex and individual objects of the Späth'schen Baumschule and the attached Späth-Arboretum were designated as a monument in 1977 .
The arboretum is open to visitors in the summer months. The Späthsfelde location in the Johannisthal adjacent to the south as well as the Späthstrasse, which leads past the former manor house, and the Späthsfelder Weg are also reminiscent of the Späths family business .
The VEB WTB (everyday goods) set up a base on an area at the corner of Mörikestrasse and Bodelschwinghstrasse that had become vacant due to war damage . The daily unloading and loading in the middle of the densely built-up residential area resulted in considerable noise pollution for the surrounding residential complexes. Despite the often harsh criticism, no solution was found.
In Baumschulenweg, Sonnenallee was the only border crossing point for West Berliners in the Treptow district until 1989 . This border crossing became the subject of the film Sonnenallee .
Reunification of Berlin
After the turning point and the peaceful revolution in the GDR , the VEB WTB base was closed and the property was marketed. This is where the first larger block edge closure in the Treptow district was built. Some gaps were also built in Baumschulenstrasse. No other new residential buildings were built in Baumschulenweg. In the local area of Späthsfelde, construction activities were stronger. Many owners had their properties divided and sold. Many one and two family houses were built here. The Späth'sche tree nursery also sold part of its property and thus secured its continued existence. The “Späth'sche Viertel”, a larger row and semi-detached housing estate, was built on the former site of the tree nursery. Here, the planning took into account the preservation of the old rows of trees.
The aging crematorium in Baumschulenweg had to be demolished in 1994 due to defects that could no longer be repaired. In 1999 the new crematorium was opened. The architects are Axel Schultes and Charlotte Frank , who also designed the Federal Chancellery .
In 1997, part of the northern area of Baumschulenweg and the Plänterwald forest were transferred to the newly formed district of Plänterwald . This means that Baumschulenweg in the north only extends as far as Eichbuschallee.
The construction of the Südostalleebrücke in 1999 restored an important traffic artery over the Britzer connecting canal. Its predecessor was destroyed in World War II and since then the direct connection from Sonnenallee to Südostallee has been interrupted. On January 1, 2001, due to the administrative reform in Berlin, the districts of Treptow and Köpenick were combined to form the new major district of Treptow-Köpenick . Since then, Baumschulenweg has been located in the new Treptow-Köpenick district.
Culture and sights
Buildings
- Church "To the Father's House" ,
- Baumschulenweg cemetery with the associated Baumschulenweg crematorium (new building 1997, architect Axel Schultes )
Parks
- The Späth Arboretum , a public display garden with about 1,200 wood clans is open to the public from April 1 to October 31st. Concerts and guided tours take place several times a year, such as the Long Night of Science .
- Heidekampgraben green corridor
Monuments
Since 2003 there has been a Jim Morrison memorial in Königsheideweg 9 in front of the former Doors bar, Seelenküche .
Sports and leisure facilities
In Baumschulenweg there has been a youth club at Baumschulenstrasse 28 since 1973 . In 1990 he got the name RumbaR . In the mid-1990s, the old clubhouse had to be demolished due to its poor structural condition. A three-storey new building, which was inaugurated in 1997, was built at the same location. After being temporarily closed, the JFE Rumbar opened on November 1, 2011 with a different or expanded focus. The institution is supported by the non-profit society for family activation mbH.
At the end of Baumschulenstrasse on the Spree side there are publicly usable sports facilities (tennis courts and a swimming pool) as well as the boathouse of the Treptower rowing community.
For the older generation there is the senior leisure center in the Treptow College . There is also a nursing home for the elderly in Mörikestrasse . A former factory building in the same street, which has been used by 35 artists since 2012, became the property of Peter Ottmann , an architect from Munich. Instead of the factory, he is planning a new building that will contain apartments and artist studios as well as a daycare center . There was a long dispute with previous users because of the pronounced termination of the leases. So far, no final solution has been found.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The most important means of transport and development is the S-Bahn , which runs at Baumschulenweg station . The station was one of the first stops of the Berlin-Grünau suburban railway and was opened in 1890. Today the S45, S46, S47, S8, S9 and S85 S-Bahn lines operate here. The bus lines 166, 170 and 265 serve as further development of the neighborhood. The Metrobus line M41, whose southern end point is the only stop in Baumschulenweg, connects Baumschulenweg with Neukölln , Kreuzberg and the central station in Mitte . Furthermore, the bus route 165 crosses the district along Köpenicker Landstrasse. Since the opening of the Minna-Todenhagen bridge , line 365 has also been running between Baumschulenweg station and Oberschöneweide. The ferry line F11 connects the district with the allotment garden colony Wilhelmstrand on the other side of the Spree. The tram lines running on Baumschulenstrasse and Köpenicker Landstrasse were discontinued in the 1970s.
Baumschulenweg is accessed by several streets. Baumschulenstrasse forms the central axis of the district. From the bank of the Spree it leads past the Baumschulenweg S-Bahn station, the “Zum Vaterhaus” church, over the Sonnenallee / Südostallee intersection , over the Britzer connecting canal to the arboretum . After the crossing with the Königsheideweg, Baumschulenstrasse continues as Späthstrasse. It leads past the Arboretum and the nursery at Junction Späthstraße of highway 113 . By crossing the Teltow Canal , the border to the Neukölln district of Britz is crossed.
The Sonnenallee coming from Neukölln reaches Baumschulenweg approximately at right angles to Baumschulenstrasse. South of Baumschulenstrasse it is called Südostallee. At the other, northeastern end of Baumschulenstrasse, Köpenicker Landstrasse crosses the district, also at an almost right angle to it. Parallel to this, Kiefholzstrasse runs to the southwest and Neue Krugallee to the northeast. The Minna-Todenhagen Bridge , which branches off from Köpenicker Landstrasse, connects Baumschulenweg with Oberschöneweide.
education
The district is home
- seven municipal day-care centers,
- two primary schools,
- three other types of schools.
Personalities
- Franz Späth , gardener, tree nursery owner and Royal Prussian Economic Council
- Alwin Gerisch , SPD chairman and member of the Reichstag
See also
- List of streets and squares in Berlin-Baumschulenweg
- List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Baumschulenweg
- List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Baumschulenweg
literature
- Judith Uhlig: Treptow - history of the Berlin administrative districts. Stapp Verlag, 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 .
- Hans-Jürgen Rach: The villages in Berlin. VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-87776-211-5 .
- Dana Schultze, Karin Manke: Forays through Treptow. Stapp Verlag Berlin, 1996, ISBN 3-87776-932-2
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Kramer, Siegfried Münzinger: The company for the construction of underground railways GmbH - Berliner Ostbahnen . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 7, 1962, pp. 56 .
- ↑ Frauke Böger: Consequences of a suspicion. on taz.de from September 17, 2010.
- ↑ Ensemble tree nursery Späth
- ↑ Opening times ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at hu-berlin.de
- ↑ Website of the leisure facility for young people Rumba at rumbar.de
- ↑ Julia Haak: I was amazed at the vehemence of the protest , interview with Peter Ottmann. In: Berliner Zeitung , September 25, 2019, p. 10 (print edition).
- ↑ Treptow Ateliers: Correction to the interview with Peter Ottmann. October 10, 2019, accessed April 10, 2020 .
