Deuben (Freital)

Deuben Large district town of Freital Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 59 ″  N , 13 ° 38 ′ 48 ″  E
Height :	174 m above sea level NHN
Area :	1.54 km²
Residents :	5671  (December 31, 2017)
Population density :	3,682 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	October 1, 1921
Postal code :	01705
Area code :	0351
Location of Deuben in Freital
View from Wachtelberg to the Deuben district

Deuben is a district of the Saxon large district town of Freital in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains . The history of the municipality of Deuben in the Weißeritztal goes back to the 14th century. During industrialization , the place experienced an economic and social upswing due to the coal mining and the subsequent development of heavy industry in the Döhlen Basin, and at the beginning of the 20th century it was one of the most populous communities without municipal rights in Germany.

In 1921 Deuben was, together with Döhlen and Potschappel, one of the three founding communities of the new city of Freital and forms one of its cultural, economic and infrastructural centers. Deuben has about 5700 inhabitants on an area of ​​1.54 km² and is therefore the most densely populated of the 15 districts of Freetal.

geography

Geographical location

Deuben is located in the Döhlen Basin between the 353 meter high Windberg in the east, the Raschelberg in the southeast and the slope to the Opitzer Höhe beginning in the west at an average of 174 meters above sea ​​level . The place is at the widest point of the sole of the valley formed by the south-north flowing United Weißeritz in the Freital city area. The Poisenbach , coming from the Poisental , flows into the Weißeritz near Deuben.

Due to the former mining activities in the region, a large part of the district area is classified as an area with underground cavities according to the Saxon cavity ordinance.

Structure and delimitation of the district

Aerial photo of Deuben, looking towards Dresden, the stainless steel plant in the middle

Deuben is separated into a smaller western and a larger eastern part by the railway line and the site of the stainless steel plant. The eastern part is densely populated and is the location of the most important public and cultural institutions in the district. The western part is, also due to the steeper slope, more loosely built up and separated from the other buildings by two forest areas.

The district has a maximum north-south extension of 1.3 kilometers and a maximum east-west extension of 2.8 kilometers, while the boundary, which is congruent with the district of Deuben, covers an area of ​​1.56 square kilometers. Beginning at the northernmost point of the district, the area south of Neumarkt, the district boundary initially runs along Leßkestrasse in an easterly direction to Weißeritz. Then it follows the Weißeritz and later the Poisenbach, which draw the border line to Niederhäslich , upstream to the level of the Poisental- / Johannisstraße junction, where it bends to the southwest. The following district boundary to Schweinsdorf runs through the Johannisfriedhof and first meets the Deubener Weißeritzmühlgraben at the level of the Bürgerstraße and meets the Weißeritz again at the Robert-Koch-Straße. The district boundary between Deuben and Hainsberg running from this point crosses the Deuben-Süd development area, the railway site and the settlement on Südstrasse. At the westernmost point of the district, the intersection between Rehsteig and Opitzer Straße, the border with the Weißig district follows . This runs along the Breiten Grund and the Pfaffengrund back into the valley, where Döhlen joins. In the following, the border runs through the stainless steel plant, past the train station and bus station, back to Neumarkt.

Until March 2011, the district of Deuben was congruent with the municipality incorporated in 1921, including its districts Niederhäslich and Schweinsdorf . These two districts have since formed their own districts.

history

Oberreit'sche map from 1821 with Deuben and Schweinsdorf in the middle of the map

Population development until the city was founded

year Residents 1834 252 1840 465 1846 1077 1849 1581 1852 2225 1855 2755 1858 2955 1861 3301

year Residents 1864 3687 1867 3972 1871 4360 1875 5259 1880 6115 1885 6496 1890 6864 1910 11009

The Breitgassendorf Deuben was first mentioned in 1378 as "Duben". The name is of Old Sorbian origin and means settlement where oaks stand . Belonging to the Dresden Castrum is recorded around 1378. The basic rule was incumbent on the manor Potschappel. In 1696, Deuben is part of the Dresden office , and a Vorwerk in the village is also mentioned. Due to the appearance of coal in the Döhlen basin and its mining, many processing companies settled here in the period of industrialization , some of which still dominate the Deuben townscape. To do justice to the growing population, a church was built in 1869. Deuben thus separated from the parishes of Döhlen and Pesterwitz .

From 1875 the village is part of the Dresden District Administration. On April 1, 1900 - the forest hoof- and win-like striped field measured 154 hectares - Schweinsdorf, the smaller of the two later districts, was incorporated. Niederhäslich followed in 1915. Due to the large number of processing companies and the resulting strong increase in the need for workers, more and more people moved to Deuben. As a result, the population of the place had already risen over 10,000 in 1910. Deuben was one of the largest non-urban communities in the German Empire in terms of inhabitants .

Until the year Freital was founded in 1921, Deuben was an independent municipality. The first efforts to merge the three largest towns in the Döhlen basin, Deuben, Döhlen and Potschappel, were made by the Deuben parish council Rudelt. On October 1, 1921, these three communities finally merged to form the town of Freital, the name of which was proposed by Hermann Henker, the Döhlen community council. The two districts of Deuben have not been counted as districts of Freetal since then, but remained assigned to Deuben and continued to exist as districts .

During the GDR era, several residential areas were built using prefabricated panels, especially in the southern part of Deuben . Larger settlements also emerged in Niederhäslich and the steel workers' settlement in Schweinsdorf on the Raschelberg. Most of the buildings have been preserved and are managed by several regional housing associations. In the 1990s, the City Center was built in Deuben , a wing of the building with areas for retail , offices and apartments and parking spaces.

The flood in August 2002 (“ flood of the century”) caused the Weißeritz to overflow its banks, after considerable flood damage had already occurred in 1958, and caused great damage in the entire city area. Most of the damaged building structure was renovated or rebuilt, but many houses had to be demolished. Due to the flood, the river bed of the Weißeritz was made more flood-proof throughout the city. The construction work for this has largely been completed.

The former Deuben town hall is a part of the Freital city administration.

Culture and sights

See also : List of cultural monuments in Deuben (Freital)

Sacred buildings

Christ Church Deuben

The Evangelical Lutheran Christ Church in Deuben, consecrated in 1869, is the largest church building in the Weißeritztal and was one of the most important Saxon church buildings when it was built. It is the first neo-Gothic church in the Dresden area and was built according to plans by the architect August Pieper . The main portal is located on the north gable, the hall-like nave has a ceiling influenced by the English wooden Gothic and is surrounded by a gallery supported on sandstone pillars. The 61 meter high church tower is located east of the sanctuary.

The Johannisfriedhof belongs to the parish of Deuben, but it is located on Schweinsdorfer Flur on the border with the Deuben district. The center of this complex is the neo-Romanesque St. John's Chapel, built in 1901/02 by Richard Paul Reuter , with a 30-meter-high domed vault and an octagonal tower made of syenite . A memorial in the cemetery commemorates 168 Soviet victims of forced labor , whose names (as far as they were known from 147) are noted on triangular memorial steles along the northern and western borders of the cemetery . Opposite is a grave complex with a memorial for other forced laborers from Lithuania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Italy.

The Catholic Parish Office “St. Joachim ". The building, made of red clinker bricks, has a slate-covered hip roof and has been rebuilt several times. The house is the seat of the Roman Catholic Parish of Freital.

Parks, monuments and sculptures

Memorial stone in the Goethepark

At the entrance to the stainless steel plant there is a cast steel sculpture from the 1950s showing a steel worker. It is an example of early commissioned art in the GDR. A similar figure can be found in the Niederhäslicher Raschelbergsiedlung.

Just a few meters away, a memorial stone to Albert von Sachsen forms the center of Goetheplatz . The obelisk bears a gilded crown and a medallion of the king as well as the inscription “Dedicated to the popular Saxon king Albert and the entire royal family”. Goetheplatz itself is one of the few parks in Freital's city center from the 20th century. The rectangular complex was inaugurated on September 2, 1904 as King Albert Park . Next to the memorial stone there is a pond with a fountain and various paths with seating. The park was renamed in the 1920s and extensively repaired for the last time in 1995. The Goetheplatz or -park is designated as a garden monument.

After the demolition of a residential and commercial building, a small local recreation facility was built on the corner of Dresdner Strasse and Wehrstrasse in the vicinity of Goetheplatz, surrounded by natural stone walls. In addition, the Christ Church is surrounded by a small park, in which there is a war memorial for victims of the First World War. Another memorial stone from the postwar period is right next to the sports hall of Weißeritz school: the workers athletes monument commemorates the fallen in World War members of the sports club ATSV Deuben . The memorial stone was originally set up at Egermühle, then moved to the Rudeltstraße gymnasium in Niederhäslich and returned to Deuben after the gymnasium was demolished in 2009.

There are also two protected memorial plaques in the district: a plaque set up in 1996 for the Jewish writer Kurt Heilbut , who died in 1943 under arrest in Auschwitz concentration camp , is located on his former home at today's Südstrasse 20. There is also a relief on the residential and commercial building Dresdner Straße 237 from: "Built with the help of the national reconstruction work 1958–1959".

Economy and Infrastructure

Established businesses

View of Deuben and the steel mill

The largest employer in the district is BGH Edelstahl Freital GmbH, which also operates steelworks in Siegen , Lugau , Lippendorf and Netteltal-Leuth as well as in the Polish city of Katowice from its headquarters in Deuben . The company emerged from the "Sächsische Gußstahlfabrik Döhlen" (the company headquarters was located on Hüttenstrasse in Döhlen until the 1990s) and became the largest stainless steel supplier in the GDR after the Second World War under the name " VEB Edelstahlwerk May 8, 1945". The operational organizations of the plant had a decisive influence on public life in Deuben and all of Freetal during this period. After the reunification it was converted into the “Sächsische Edelstahlwerke GmbH Freital” and was about to be liquidated , but could be taken over by the Siegener Boschgotthardshütte (BGH).

The Freital Clinic is particularly important in the healthcare sector . It belongs to the Europe-wide active Helios-Kliniken group , which also owns the hospital in Dippoldiswalde. Both hospitals are grouped under the name “Helios Weißeritztal-Kliniken”.

There is also some commercial space along Poststrasse. The most important there is Freitaler Industrieservice GmbH (FIS), which is active in the fields of steel and plant construction, conveyor technology and container construction and employs around 60 people. The headquarters of the Laube bakery with around 120 employees and 17 branches in Freital, Dresden, Rabenau, Bannewitz and Wilsdruff are located on Güterbahnhofstrasse.

Until the 1920s, Deuben was an important location for the electricity supply in the region. The power plants Freital AG operated the power station for the Plauenschen ground at the corner of Dresden / Leßkestraße, where he had also headquartered. Together with several hydropower plants along the two Weißeritz rivers, it supplied 38 municipalities in the surrounding area with a total of 12,675 electricity customers in 1920 and provided a connected load of 11,280 kW, of which 2,865 kW were light, 7760 kW three-phase current and 655 kW direct current for the tram route. In 1929 it was shut down in favor of electricity transmitted by high-voltage lines from the network of the Sächsische Werke corporation . The last structural remainder of the power station, the boiler house II, was demolished in 2012/2013.

Egermühle with a striking granary

Thanks to its location on the Weißeritz, water mills were built in the village early on . The largest complex that still dominates the cityscape was the Egermühle . It was first recorded in the 15th century and received its existing buildings at the end of the 19th century. The supply took place via a still preserved mill ditch , which branched off to the right of the Weißeritz at the Jägerstraße and reunited with the river behind the Sachsenplatz over the Poisenbach. In the GDR, the Egermühle was called “VEB Lebensmittelindustrie Freital”. After the end of production in 1990, the mill buildings with the distinctive granary were converted into apartments, and commercial space was also created. Another mill on Deubener Flur was the Böhmertmühle , which is used as a recycling center for a waste disposal company.

Leather factory building preserved until 2019

Across from Sachsenplatz was the FG Sohre AG leather factory , which produced leather products from 1893 to 1991 . After the company went bankrupt, a large part of the production building was demolished, only the striking main building on Poisentalstrasse remained. After various conversion options failed, this was also demolished in 2019.

An administration and production building for the VEB Prüfgerätewerk Medingen , based in Freital, was built on Goetheplatz in the mid-1960s . The test equipment factory manufactured viscometers , among other things . This company was also hit hard by the economic upswing in the 1990s, so that it moved away from Deuben, greatly reduced in size. The production building was demolished in 2000, leaving an undeveloped area in the middle of the city center.

traffic

The most important connection in road traffic is Dresdner Strasse , which is classified as State Road 194 along its entire course in the district . At the most traffic-intensive intersection of the city in the north of the district, Dresdner Strasse crosses with the connection to Possendorf (Poisentalstrasse, S 36 ) and Hüttenstrasse, which connects to the Freitaler bypass road. This runs in the district over the Bahnhofstrasse, Poststrasse and Güterstrasse and ends here at Dresdner Strasse. A continuation of the bypass via Güterbahnhofstrasse is planned. The western part of Deuben in Pfaffengrund cannot be reached by road from the rest of the district. Only a pedestrian tunnel under the railway line between Dresdner Strasse and Südstrasse connects the two settlements.

See also : List of streets in Deuben (Freital)

Freital-Deuben bus station

Deuben is also of particular importance in public transport within the Freital districts. The city's central bus station is on Hüttenstrasse. There is also a transition to Freital-Deuben train station and a P + R space . In the city ​​of Freital , buses run by Regionalverkehr Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge GmbH from the bus station via Dresdner Straße, Poisentalstraße and via Krönert- / Mühlen- / Körnerstraße, along the construction area called "Mühlenviertel". The “Am Pfaffengrund” stop is one of the endpoints of bus line A between Dresden- Löbtau and Freital.

Deuben station building

The Dresden – Werdau railway crosses the district and has a “Freital-Deuben” stop, where S-Bahn line 3 (Dresden – Tharandt / Freiberg) and regional trains from Dresden towards Zwickau and Hof stop. The railway line is raised compared to the rest of the site level, there are two underpasses on Güterbahnhof and Güterbahnhofstraße in addition to the pedestrian tunnel. To the right of the main line there are sidings for the stainless steel plant, earlier these were part of the narrow-gauge Potschappel-Hainsberger connecting railway or the "DWIR" line. On the other side there was another industrial track, called “DWIL” track, which connected the glassworks and the Augustus shaft to the rail network via the Deubener coal railway (today's substation).

The Plauensche Grundbahn tram, which existed until 1974, had a tram station in Deuben, which was located on the site of today's bus station. The tram line was opened in 1902 and led from Plauen through the eponymous Plauenschen Grund to Deuben, and was later extended to Hainsberg and Coßmannsdorf. The power supply for the tram in Deuben was also provided by the electricity company for the Plauenschen Grund. At the Deuben tram station there was also the branch of the Deuben State Freight Railway . This led as a meter-gauge tram track with trolley traffic over Poisentalstrasse and Körnerstrasse to the leather factory and the Egermühle. The trolleys were transferred to the Dresden-Werzeit railway line at the Deuben tram station, thus ensuring the rail connection between both companies.

Along the Weißeritz, between the bridges Poisentalstrasse and Bürgerstrasse, there are tourist cycle and footpaths on both sides (“Weißeritz cycle path”).

education

Krönertstraße 25, main building of the grammar school

In Deuben, the Weißeritzgymnasium is the only grammar school in the city with catchment areas after Wilsdruff, Tharandt / Rabenau and Bannewitz / Kreischa. It has a total of three locations in the village: the school building at Krönertstrasse 25 is the school's headquarters, and right next to it is the school building at Pestalozzistrasse. On the other side of the Weißeritz is the Johannisstrasse branch, a type school building from GDR times that has been adapted through renovation . This building used to be a primary school, which later moved to its current home in Niederhäslich. Around 1000 pupils from the fifth to twelfth grade study at the Weißeritzgymnasium.

The next elementary schools are therefore in Niederhäslich (elementary school Poisental) as well as in Hainsberg and Potschappel. There are also secondary schools in Hainsberg, Potschappel and am Waldblick in Niederhäslich .

Historically, Deuben has been the location of a trade school and later a special needs school since 1936 , but all of these have now moved to locations outside Deuben . Until 2016 there was a children's library on the corner of Krönertstrasse and Dresdner Strasse . It was moved with the other Freital library locations to the central library on Neumarkt, just beyond the city limits.

Personalities

• Felix Bauer (1903–1976), ornithologist, born in Deuben
• Walter Kaden (1912–2010), stenographer and writer, born in Deuben
• Friedrich August Leßke (1841–1904), local history researcher and cantor of the Christ Church in Deuben
• Karl Martin (1893–?), Politician of the NSDAP, born in Deuben
• Karl Pouva (1903–1989), entrepreneur in the photo industry, founder of Karl Pouva AG in Deuben
• Fritz Puder (1891–1951), puppet player in the Dresden area
• Eugen Reiche (1878–1946), trombonist, teacher and composer, born in Deuben
• Ernst Robert Rudelt (1860–1935), Deuben mayor and member of the Saxon state parliament
• Johannes Schirmer (1877–1950), politician of the SPD and USPD, born in Deuben
• Johannes Schneider-Marfels (1910–1967), pianist and university professor, born in Deuben
• Emil Zimmermann (1885–1966), politician of the SPD, USPD and SED, born in Deuben

literature

• Between Tharandt forest, Freital and the Lockwitztal (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 21). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973.
• Tobias Günther: Freital . Leipzig 2003, ISBN 3-934572-74-X .
• Juliane Puls: Freital. On the way to the city . Erfurt 2000, ISBN 3-89702-227-3 .
• Cornelius Gurlitt : Deuben. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 24. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Altstadt (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 24.

Web links

Commons : Deuben  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Carl and Ernst Berndt's collection factory in Deuben in Plauenschengrund  - sources and full texts

• Deuben in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Overview of the Deuben district on freital.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Update of the Integrated Urban Development Concept (INSEK). (PDF; 120 MB) Urban development Freital 2030plus. Stadtverwaltung Freital, STEG Stadtentwicklung GmbH, January 2020, p. 92 , accessed on July 13, 2020 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} History of Deubens
3. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen , Berlin 2001, Volume I, S. 180, ISBN 3-05-003728-8
4. ↑ ^{a b} Deuben in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
5. ↑ Municipal directory Germany 1900: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Altstadt
6. ↑ City administration. In: freital.de. City administration Freital, accessed on November 9, 2018 . 
7. ^ Deuben with Schweinsdorf and Niederhäslich. In: freital.de. City of Freital, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Christ Church Deuben. In: freital.de. City of Freital, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
9. ↑ Christ Church Deuben and Johanniskapelle. In: freital.de. City of Freital, archived from the original ; accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
10. ^ Johannesfriedhof Wartburgstrasse. In: dokst.de. Saxon Memorials Foundation, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
11. ↑ Detailed list of monuments. (PDF) State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
12. ↑ Detailed list of monuments. (PDF) State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Detailed list of monuments. (PDF) State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
14. ↑ Heinz Fiedler: Green gem with a crown . In: Saxon newspaper . January 8, 2004.
15. ↑ Heinz Fiedler: A crown in the middle of Deuben . In: Saxon newspaper . September 5, 2007.
16. ↑ The memorial stone . In: Saxon newspaper . August 15, 2008.
17. ↑ locations. In: bgh.de. BGH Edelstahlwerke GmbH, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
18. ↑ ^{a b} Thomas Hoinka: Promotion of young talent and development of skilled workers - experience report by BGH Edelstahl Freital GmbH . S. 1 ( tu-chemnitz.de [PDF; accessed on March 14, 2018]). Promotion of young talent and development of skilled workers - experience report by BGH Edelstahl Freital GmbH ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
19. ^ Hannelore Schuster: Stahlwerkertag in Freitaler Edelstahlwerk . In: Dresdner Latest News . October 16, 1997.
20. ↑ The history of the Freital Clinic. In: helios-gesundheit.de. Helios Kliniken GmbH, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
21. ↑ Investor for insolvent metal construction company . In: Saxon newspaper . November 10, 2017 ( sz-online.de [accessed March 14, 2018]).
22. ↑ Our story. In: baeckerei-laube.de. Bäckerei & Konditorei Laube eK, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
23. ^ Peter Boenke: Gas and Power Supply in Freital 1828–2003. An outline of the story . Ed .: Freitaler Strom + Gas GmbH. Freital 2003, p. 65 f .
24. ^ Peter Boenke: Gas and Power Supply in Freital 1828–2003. An outline of the story . Ed .: Freitaler Strom + Gas GmbH. Freital 2003, p. 68 .
25. ↑ The demolition of the power plant hall continues . In: Saxon newspaper . November 14, 2012.
26. ↑ Eberhard Gürtler: Barrages - Mühlgräben Long-time witnesses . Freital 2006, p. 38 ff . ( qucosa.de [PDF; accessed on March 14, 2018]).
27. ^ Dresden-Freital - Egermühle. In: ug-e.de. Engelhardt Group, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
28. ↑ Eberhard Gürtler: Barrages - Mühlgräben Long-time witnesses . Freital 2006, p. 45 ff . ( qucosa.de [PDF; accessed on March 14, 2018]).
29. ↑ The history of the leather factory . In: Saxon newspaper . November 19, 2009.
30. ↑ The leather factory . In: Saxon newspaper . July 13, 2007.
31. ↑ Gerhard Herber: From the world to the test equipment factory (=  Freital industrial history, published by the property development company Freital ). Freital 2001.
32. ↑ New chance for half the bypass . In: Saxon newspaper . January 10, 2017 ( sz-online.de [accessed March 14, 2018]).
33. ↑ Crossing over to the Freital-Deuben bus station. In: rvd.de. Regionalverkehr Dresden GmbH, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
34. ↑ Freital city traffic. In: rvd.de. Regionalverkehr Dresden GmbH, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
35. ↑ Freital-Potschappel - Freital-Hainsberg. In: sachsenschiene.net. Jens Herbach, accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
36. ↑ ^{a b} Juliane Puls: Freital. On the way to the city . Erfurt 2000, ISBN 3-89702-227-3 , p. 89-92 .
37. ↑ Hermann Großmann: The municipal significance of the tram system illuminated in the development of the Dresden trams . Baensch, Dresden 1903, p. 138 ( digitized version [accessed on March 14, 2018]).
38. ↑ Current reports from older issues. In: bimmelbahn.de. Archived from the original ; accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
39. ↑ Building situation . (No longer available online.) In: weisseritzgymnasium.de. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018 ; accessed on March 14, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
40. ↑ Short chronicle of the Weißeritzgymnasium Freital (since 1992). (No longer available online.) In: weisseritzgymnasium.de. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018 ; accessed on March 14, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
41. ↑ Weißeritzgymnasium. In: Saxon school database. Saxon State Ministry of Culture , accessed on March 14, 2018 . 
42. ↑ Heinz Fiedler: A house in the interplay of times . In: Saxon newspaper . November 23, 2006.
43. ↑ On the history of the Freital City Library. In: freital.de. City of Freital, archived from the original ; accessed on March 14, 2018 .