Franz Adickes (politician)

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Franz Adickes
( Max Liebermann , 1910)

Franz Bourchard Ernst Adickes (born February 19, 1846 in Harsefeld near Stade , † February 4, 1915 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German local politician . From 1873 he was second mayor of Dortmund , from 1876 mayor of Altona and from January 11, 1891 to October 1, 1912, mayor of the city of Frankfurt am Main.

Adickes is present throughout the history of Frankfurt the mayor with the longest tenure and in view of its decisions in the Frankfurt urban development so significant early days also one of the most important.

ancestors

Franz Adickes was born as the son of the pietistic magistrate Wilhelm Adickes (1817-1896) (judge at the local court Lesum 1854-1894) from the Frisian country Wursten (near Cuxhaven) and Therese Chappuzeau (1822-1898) from a Huguenot family. Both grandfathers also held public offices, Erich Friedrich Adickes (1778–1838) was a member of the state assembly of the Kingdom of Hanover from 1819–1838 , Christoph Wilhelm Chappuzeau was a bailiff in Bederkesa . The mother was a descendant of the French traveler and writer Samuel Chappuzeau (1625–1701), who came to Lower Saxony (Celle) in 1682.

His brother was the philosopher Erich Adickes (1866–1928).

Life

From 1860 he attended the high school (later the Ratsgymnasium ) in Hanover , where he graduated from high school. One of his teachers was Wilhelm Wiedasch , who devoted himself to him in particular, through whom he was taught German and in particular history over several years and with whom Adicke remained closely connected throughout his life. Also still in the residence city of the then Kingdom of Hanover , Adicke was involved in the forbidden student association Hercynia .

Family owned bust of Franz Adickes

Adickes studied from 1864 to 1867 in Heidelberg , Munich and Goettingen the law . In Heidelberg he was a member of the Allemannia Heidelberg ( SK ) fraternity from 1864 . After his legal clerkship at the district courts of Hanover and Neustadt , he did military service and took part in the 3rd Guards Regiment on foot as a non-commissioned officer and reserve lieutenant in the Franco-German War . With the assessor examination he finished his professional training in Berlin in 1873 . An application for the office of second mayor in Dortmund is the starting point of his remarkable career in local politics.

On September 27, 1873, in Kassel , he married Sophie Therese Lambert (1848–1922), who was born in Waldkappel in northern Hesse , daughter of the Kassel Medical Councilor Fritz Lambert and his wife Maria.

Franz and Sophie Adickes had four children:

  • Friedrich, the only son, died in July 1874 at the age of four days.
  • Theodore (1875–1945) married the Frankfurt composer and first conductor of the Frankfurt Opera , Dr. Ludwig Rottenberg (1864–1932). Her daughter Gertrud (1900–1967) married the Frankfurt composer Paul Hindemith in 1924 .
  • Gertrud (1878-1960) married the business magnate and politician Alfred Hugenberg (1865-1951 ) in 1900 and had a son and three daughters with him.
  • Erika (1889–1960) married Karl Eisenlohr.

These marriages are remarkable insofar as Theodore's husband Ludwig Rottenberg came from a Jewish family from Tschernowitz / Bukowina , while his brother-in-law , Gertrud's husband Alfred Hugenberg, as a German national politician (chairman of the DNVP 1928–1933) and anti-Semitic publisher, was a major pioneer of Hitler's seizure of power as well as being a minister in his first cabinet. Adickes was therefore both the father of a Jewish conductor and the most important of Hitler's coalition partners - whose managerial career but his part in the Adickes' Jewish friend Wilhelm Merton belonging Metallgesellschaft began.

Adickes died two and a half years after the end of his term as Frankfurt Lord Mayor. His grave is in the Frankfurt main cemetery (Gewann II GG 24).

Dortmund and Altona

City map of Altona (left in the picture) and Hamburg at the end of Adickes' term of office (1890), note the Prussian-Hamburg state border running through the middle of the built-up area.

In July 1873, shortly after his second state examination , he was unanimously elected second mayor of Dortmund. During his three-year term of office, the focus of his work was on the foundation and poor affairs of Dortmund.

Adicke's tomb in Frankfurt's main cemetery (sculptor: Johann Belz )

In 1876 Adickes was appointed second mayor of the Prussian city of Altona at the gates of the city-state of Hamburg , from 1883 he was mayor there . His predecessor Friedrich Thaden had been in office for 27 years; when he took office, Altona was still part of Denmark . Adickes' election was the first change of office since the annexation to Prussia in 1863 and the founding of the German Empire in 1871. The greatest challenge of his tenure was the positioning of Altona in relation to the neighboring city of Hamburg, which was then successfully developing into a cosmopolitan city. Adickes relied on the creation of modern infrastructure and the promotion of industrialization . After the partly underground Altona port railway went into operation shortly before he took office, the Altona Royal Railway Directorate and the Altona-Kaltenkirchener Eisenbahngesellschaft AG were founded in 1884 .

Adickes enlarged the city of Altona through incorporations and in this way gained development space for the spatially cramped port city directly adjacent to Hamburg's inner city ( St. Pauli ) in the east. As a result of the merger, the neighboring communities coming to Altona received access to modern urban infrastructure such as sewerage, electricity and gas supply, schools and tram connections. In 1889 Ottensen , Altona's immediate neighbor in the west and already heavily industrialized, and Neumühlen , in 1890 Bahrenfeld , Othmarschen and Övelgönne were annexed to the city of Altona. As a result of this and immigration as a result of industrialization, Altona's population grew rapidly during Adickes' tenure: In the year before he took office, in 1875, Altona had 84,099 inhabitants; at the end of his tenure in 1890 it was 143,249.

One of his state-political achievements that go beyond the city limits is the strengthening of the self-government of the province of Schleswig-Holstein within Prussia, which he promoted. In 1884 he became a member of the Prussian Herrenhaus (MdH), the first chamber of the Landtag, in his capacity as Lord Mayor , and remained so in his time in Frankfurt until 1912. He did not accept a personal appointment to the Herrenhaus in 1914 .

Lord Mayor of Frankfurt

Like Adickes, Frankfurt's Lord Mayor Johannes Miquel , who came from the former state of Hanover, was appointed Prussian Finance Minister in 1890 and therefore moved to Berlin. During his ten-year term in office, Miquel had implemented important decisions and projects that made a major contribution to transforming the patrician republic, which was still partially arrested in the late Middle Ages, into a modern metropolis of the industrial age, for example through major technical projects such as the Main Canalization (1886) and the new Central Station (1888 ). It was also not insignificant that the financial expert Miquel left his successor a solid city treasury. Adickes applied for Miquels now vacant positions. His previous superior, the President of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein Georg Steinmann , praised the applicant in his letters of recommendation to his colleague in Hessen-Nassau , saying that “Adickes [...] succeeded in setting up a number of large traffic facilities [...] and Altona in addition to the oppressive competition from Hamburg [...] independently. ” The application was successful, the city council elected Adickes on October 14, 1890 as the new mayor; he held this position until 1912.

Together with the founder of the Metallgesellschaft , Wilhelm Merton and the physicist Richard Wachsmuth , Adickes played a key role in the foundation of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , which was opened as the founding rector in 1914 by Wachsmuth as the first German university , and he promoted the reform of the higher education system. In addition, numerous former suburbs of the Frankfurt district were incorporated into Adickes' tenure . As a land reformer and land politician, he made a name for himself from 1893 with the Lex Adickes , a legal way of reallocating private land. After considerable resistance, his efforts led to the law on the reallocation of real estate in Frankfurt a. M. dated July 28, 1902 ; after an amendment in 1907, the law was even more user-friendly. His far-sighted reallocation of land resulted in new residential areas such as West , East and Nordend and a second ring road system, the Alleenring . Frankfurter Osthafen , which is still the largest port in the city , was also created through his initiative . He also devoted himself to the development of airship travel and achieved the establishment of an efficient airport.

During Adickes' term of office the construction of the festival hall , the founding of the ethnological museum and the sculpture collection in the Liebieghaus all took place . Adickes is considered to be an important reformer and reorganizer of the urban poor system. Here he worked with Christian Jasper Klumker . Its building structures made a major contribution to improving the living conditions of the urban workers in Frankfurt.

In 1909 Adickes became a member of the Immediatkommission administrative reform, 1912 member and 1913 to 1914 chairman of the supervisory board of Dresdner Bank .

Honors

Town hall tower "Langer Franz"

The Adickesallee , a section of the avenue ring in the north end, is named after Adickes . The larger tower of the New Town Hall built during his tenure was popularly named Langer Franz after the popular mayor. In 1912 he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Frankfurt am Main. 1914 was awarded the title " Real Privy Council ", a symbolic honor for the highest officials in Prussia.

On October 25, 1916, a bust for the founder of the university, who died the previous year, was unveiled in the atrium of the new university.

In 1996 the Institute for Urban History organized the exhibition Breakthrough to Modernism on Adickes' 150th birthday . Frankfurt around 1900 .

Works

  • On the doctrine of legal sources (Göttingen, 1872)
  • On the Doctrine of Conditions (Berlin, 1876)
  • Personal memories of the prehistory of the University of Frankfurt a. M .: as of October 18, 1914 (full text as PDF document)

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Franz Adickes  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.stadtgeschichte-ffm.de/de/info-und-service/frankfurter-geschichte/stadtchronik/1890
  2. ↑ a b GenWiki : Article "Franz Adickes"
  3. ↑ Descendants of Samuel Chappuzeau (1625-1701) on the family's private website.
  4. ↑ a b c d Gudrun Jäger: "The Creator of Modern Frankfurt" Change to a recognized city: Franz Adickes' work as Lord Mayor - On the 90th anniversary of his death. In: Research Frankfurt, 2/2005. PDF document
  5. ^ Franz Adickes. His life and work (= Frankfurter Lebensbilder , Vol. 11), Frankfurt am Main [u. a.]: Englert and Schlosser, 1929, reprint of the 1st edition, [Frankfurt a. M.]: [Schiemann], 1959, p. 52; Preview over google books
  6. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians, Part 1: A – E. Heidelberg 1996, p. 5.
  7. ↑ a b c d Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 4th edition: Article "Adickes, Franz"
  8. ↑ a b c Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences (ed.): The protocols of the Prussian State Ministry 1817–1934 / 38 (= Acta Borussica. New series. 1st series). Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim 1999. Full text (PDF; 2.6 MB) on the BBAW website . Entry “Adickes, Franz” in the register of persons on page 357.
  9. ↑ Hessischer Rundfunk: Franz Bourchard Ernst Adickes  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , January 24, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2009@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hr-online.de  
  10. ↑ Werner Wachsmuth : A life with the century. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York / Tokyo 1985, p. 12.
  11. ^ DNB dataset of speeches
  12. ↑ Description of the exhibition brochure
  13. ↑ DNB dataset
  14. ↑ DNB dataset
  15. ↑ Listed from the Library of Congress record , accessed August 12, 2009
personal data
SURNAME Adickes, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adickes, Franz Bourchard Ernst (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German local politician
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Harsefeld near Stade
DATE OF DEATH February 4, 1915
Place of death Frankfurt am Main