Hammer Haselmühl

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Haselmühl Castle near Kümmersbruck
Haselmühl Castle near Kümmersbruck

The Haselmühl Castle , also Hammerschloss Haselmühl or just hammer Haselmühl called, is a castle in Haselmühl , now a district of the Upper Palatinate municipality Kümmersbruck in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach of Bavaria .

history

The oldest mention of the Haselmühl comes from 1285 in a mention in the Salbuch of Duke Ludwig der Strenge . One of a mill on the Vils incurred Hammer is 1339 mentioned here for the first time. At that time, the dukes Ruprecht the Elder and Ruprecht the Younger renewed a hammer letter for the Reich Gebhardt Kunradt of the rich Alharz child brother, a brother of Amberg . The hammer owner Heimeran Alhartdt joined the Upper Palatinate hammer cleaning company in 1387 . In 1407 he was granted the right to inherit the hammer heselmüll by Count Palatine Johann in return for a weekly payment of 20 Regensburg pfennigs .

The next mentioned here in 1459 was Hans Preitenloher, Rentmeister in Weiden . His widow married Hans von Lichau, known as Kueparn and Pfleger zu Vilseck . From 1503 his son Hans Lichau is the owner. In 1531 he had to sell the hammer to his neighbor Hans von Zant . Then in 1539 the hammer came to the Amberg citizen Leonhard Gleich, in 1555 his son Ulrich was named here. During this time, the iron-producing industry in the Upper Palatinate began to decline due to the decline in the previously profitable ore mines around Amberg and Sulzbach. Around 1585 Hans Joachim Portner appears as the operator of the Schienhammer in Haselmühl, he was married to a daughter of Leonhard Gleich. He was able to build another mill passage against the resistance of Amberg and lead the work profitably again. From 1589 he also owned Kümmersbruck Castle , which he was able to rebuild in 1607. He is followed by his only son, Hans Christoph. At that time the hammer was the Beständer leased Tobias Altmann. In 1614 Tobias Mendel von Steinfels acquired the Hammergut, in 1619 King Friedrich V of Bohemia granted him freedom of the citizens of the country . In 1621, at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , Mendel's property was devastated by Bavarian soldiers. Tobias Mendel died on March 26, 1622. His widow Barbara married Sebastian Wolfgang Portner in 1626, brother of the former owner of Theuern , Georg Portner. Because of their Protestant faith, both came into conflict with the sovereign Elector Maximilian during the recatholicization . In 1634 he agreed to take over the Catholic faith again. His wife Barbara and stepson Hans Gallas died of the plague that same year. He himself died in early 1640; the inheritance fell to his brother Georg. Due to high debts, the property had to be auctioned on October 15, 1642. In 1644 the reduced property went to Johann Teuscher, monastery judge of Ensdorf . The hammer had been out of order for 12 years and the buildings were partially destroyed. Despite these unfortunate circumstances, he was able to rebuild the factory and managed it until April 12, 1671, the day on which he drew up his will. It says:

" Hammer Haselmühl: All there is a Schinhammer /) so (which) Mr. Johann Teuscher, Churf. Regimental advocates belong to Amberg, which is still viable and has the needy “iron doctor” from Amberg and Sulzbach brought in. "

- Quoted from Denk, Julius: Contributions to the history of mining and hammering in the electoral Upper Palatinate, 1902, p. 181.

After Johann Teuscher's death, the hammer fell to his daughter Anna Maria. The first 16-year-old and seriously ill Anna Maria appointed the Paulaner in Amberg as her universal heir on June 15, 1672 ; The reason for this may have been that her brother, Father Vitus Faber, belonged to the Paulaner Convent. Half of Hammer Haselmühl also belonged to her legacy. Through a comparison with the half-brothers of Anna Maria, the entire Hammergut came to the monastery. In 1690 a sales contract was signed with Johann Christoph Schreyer from Dietldorf , which the monastery challenged three years later and the hammer was returned to the monastery in 1698. In 1708 the Paulaner had started to dig for ore in Amberg not far from the Liebengraben. Since they did not have a special privilege to do this, the city turned to the imperial administration about this ore mining, which they considered illegal. But the plant in Haselmühl was more or less poor. During the War of the Spanish Succession , the hammer and the castle were completely ruined by billeting with soldiers in 1703. During the War of the Austrian Succession , much of the estate's forest was destroyed by French troops from 1740–1745. In 1740 the hammer was leased to Wolfgang Platzer, Weißbäck zu Amberg. He had many problems with the hammer and was no longer willing to extend it after the lease period had expired. The next tenant is called a Johann Georg Burger in 1743.

In 1774 the Hammergut was leased to the electoral mint of Amberg and converted into a copper hammer . Under the vicar Mauritius Lohr, the work was returned to the monastery in 1778 and it was given permission to continue the copper hammer. On October 30, 1778, after consultation with the Upper Palatinate coppersmithing trade, the Paulan monastery received the concession to operate the copper hammer. Since the monastery only consisted of a vicar in 1801 and there was a shortage of copper, the hammer could not be operated. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bavarian state acquired the hammer through the secularization of 1803 and set up a branch of the rifle factory that had been relocated to Amberg . In 1805 the estate was badly damaged by Austrian troops in the course of the coalition wars, and in 1809 it was plundered again by the Austrians. In the resumed operation, the forging, drilling and turning of gun barrels were mainly carried out. In 1819 the Hammergut was destroyed, only the buildings belonging to the rifle factory were kept. Between 1851 and 1855 the facility was rebuilt and expanded according to plans by Philipp von Podewils . In 1878, however, the expansion of the rifle factory in Amberg had progressed so far that the Haselmühl factory was discontinued and the two factories were merged in Amberg on August 1, 1878.

It was not until 1886 that the property was sold to the Leuchs von Nuremberg manufacturers . They set up an enamel factory here. During the First World War , the dilapidated property was sold to a scrap iron dealer from Amberg. In 1929 the property was auctioned off by the State Bank Amberg, before the buildings of the hammer and the rifle factory had been torn down, so that only the palace and two residential buildings were left. On May 8, 1937, the Kraus furniture factory acquired the former production facility including the castle and set up a sawmill and a furniture factory here. The castle was also renovated; In 1956 the Vils was also diverted and a new turbine plant was created.

Construction

The castle building is a two-storey, plastered solid construction with a high basement that is covered with a hipped roof. It has a small clock tower with a hand-carved clock mechanism and the coat of arms of the first owner Alhardt on the facade (two white rams with golden horns, blue stag poles on a red shield field). A bay-like round tower with a conical roof is presented to the northwest, the structure is essentially Gothic .

literature

  • Stefan Helml: Castles and palaces in the Amberg-Sulzbach district . Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Amberg 1991, pp. 81-92.
  • Johannes Laschinger: Paulaner in Amberg. In Tobias Appl, Manfred Knedlik (Ed.): Upper Palatinate Monastery Landscape. The monasteries, monasteries and colleges of the Upper Palatinate. Pp. 278-285. Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7917-2759-2 .
  • Karl Wächter, Günter Moser: In the footsteps of knights and nobles in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach. Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Amberg 1992, p. 103.

Web links

Commons : Haselmühl Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Julius Denk: Contributions to the history of mining and hammering in the electoral Upper Palatinate, accessed on June 25, 2020.

Coordinates: 49 ° 25 ′ 8.6 "  N , 11 ° 52 ′ 34.5"  E