Kanagawa Prefecture

Kanagawa-ken ; 神奈川県
Basic data
Administrative headquarters :	Yokohama
Region :	Kanto
Main island :	Honshu
Area :	2,416.3 km²
Water content:	2.3 %
Residents :	9.200.166 ; (October 1, 2019)
Population density :	3808 inhabitants per km²
Counties :	6th
Municipalities :	33
ISO 3166-2 :	JP-14
Governor :	Yūji Kuroiwa
Website:	www.pref.kanagawa.jp
Symbols
Prefecture flag :
Prefecture tree :	ginkgo
Prefecture flower :	Lilium auratum
Vogel prefecture :	Common gull
Prefecture song :	Hikari arata ni; ("A fresh ray of light")

The Kanagawa Prefecture ( Jap. 神奈川県 , Kanagawa-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan and is located in the region Kanto on Honshu . The prefecture is part of the Tokyo metropolitan area . The seat of the prefecture administration is Yokohama . Since May 2006 Kanagawa has been ranked second among the Japanese prefectures by population behind Tokyo .

Kanagawa and Baden-Württemberg have maintained a bilateral partnership since 1989.

History of the name

Kanagawa originally referred to the area of Kuraki-gun ( 久良岐郡 ) in the east of the Musashi Province (today the city of Yokohama ). The area was a very important shipping port and trading center and still has a large port facility today. In 1854, after the arrival of the American fleet under Commodore Matthew Perry , the Japanese government concluded the Treaty of Kanagawa with the United States here . At the same time, a central trading post was established, called Kanagawa Bugyō-sho . In 1868 the name Kanagawa was adopted for the newly established prefecture.

geography

Kanagawa Prefecture is located in the southwestern part of the Kantō Plain , roughly in the center of the Japanese main island of Honshū . Kanagawa Prefecture is adjacent to the capital Tokyo in the north, and the sea in the east and south. To the west it borders on the prefectures of Yamanashi and Shizuoka .

The geographic extent ranges from

139 ° 47 ′ 58 "to 138 ° 55 ′ 8" east longitude and from
35 ° 7 ′ 32 ″ to 35 ° 40 ′ 10 ″ north latitude.

The area can be divided into three different zones. The mountains and hills in the west and north-west with the mountain ranges of Hakone and Tanzawa (highest point: Hirugatake 1673 m). In the center the flat plains with the Sagami River, an important water dispenser for the entire region. To the south and east hills. The prefecture has a total of 426 km of coastline to Sagami Bay in the south and Tokyo Bay in the northwest. The two bays are separated from each other by the Miura peninsula, which belongs entirely to the prefecture .

climate

Warm ocean currents create a mild climate. In the coastal areas, the summer is not quite as hot and the winter is not quite as cold as in the interior. Over the whole year, however, the temperatures go below 0 ° C in winter and well over 30 ° C in summer.

Average temperature: 16.9 ° C
Maximum temperature: 36.5 ° C
Minimum temperature: −0.7 ° C
Average rainfall per year: 1932 mm

(Source: Yokohama Local Meteorological Observatory, 2004)

history

A first prefecture of Kanagawa emerged in the Meiji Restoration in 1868 as the successor to the Kanagawa shogunate administration ( Kanagawa bugyōsho ) , which had administered the Yokohama port opened by the colonial powers in 1859 , initially on 19.3. (Gregorian April 11) as Yokohama saibansho , one month later as Kanagawa saibansho and on June 17. (August 5th) 1868 as [City] Prefecture (-fu) Kanagawa. In the same year (September 21 / November 5, general) Kanagawa was finally converted into an ordinary prefecture (-ken) ; the status of -fu was reserved from 1869 for the three capital city prefectures of Kyoto , Osaka and Tokyo . With the abolition of the principalities (-han) and the first consolidation of the prefectures in 1871/72, in addition to the purification of ex- / enclaves, the prefecture (-ken) Mutsuura, which emerged from the principality of the same name (-han) , and other parts of the former shogunate domain were assigned Kanagawa. Thereafter, the prefecture comprised territory along both sides of the border between the provinces of Musashi and Sagami - about the eastern half of its current area and also the western main part ( Tama area ) of Tama County . In the western part of today's Kanagawa and the eastern part of today's Shizuoka , the Ashigara prefecture emerged in the provinces of Sagami and Izu from the principalities of Ogino-Yamanaka and Odawara and the shogunate countries previously combined in the Nirayama prefecture . In 1876 Ashigara was divided between Shizuoka and Kanagawa on the provincial border of Izu and Sagami. In 1893 the Tama area was transferred from Kanagawa to Tokyo. With this, Kanagawa achieved, apart from minor changes due to cross-prefectural community mergers, its present territory, which essentially corresponds to the entire ancient province of Sagami and three counties (Tsuzuki, Tachibana, Kuraki) of the Musashi province.

politics

Group strengths in the prefecture parliament
(as of May 24, 2019)

A total of 105 seats

LDP : 49

Rikken minshutō ・ minken club (" KDP , club [for] people's / civil rights"): 26

Kōmeitō : 8

Kanagawa kenmin ・ minshu Forum ("Forum of Prefectural Citizens , Democrat Kanagawa"; with DVP ): 8

Kenseikai (~ "Prefectural Political Assembly "): 5

KPY : 5

Four further factions (including the Kanagawa network movement ): 4

The prefectural administration building in Naka-ku, Yokohama, opened in 1928

The Kanagawa Parliament has met in the new prefectural administration building since 1966

The former news anchor Yūji Kuroiwa has been governor of Kanagawa since 2011, who was re-elected for a third term in the unified regional elections in April 2019 as a bourgeois all-party candidate with a three-quarters majority against just one communist challenger. Also in the unified regional elections, the 105-member parliament was re-elected: The Liberal Democratic Party remained clearly the strongest party with 47 seats, the Constitutional Democratic Party gained significantly and received 23 seats, losses were recorded by the DVP , Kōmeitō and KPJ .

In the national parliament , the prefecture is represented by 18 directly elected members of the Shūgiin and is part of the proportional electoral bloc South Kantō; ins Sangiin , Kanagawa elects four representatives per partial election, i.e. is represented by eight MPs. The 18 Shugiin constituencies be after the election in 2017 and party Jump since (as of July 2019) of 13 Liberal Democrats, four members of the KDP representative fraction and one-party and non-attached member. The Sangiin constituency of Kanagawa will be represented by three Liberal Democrats, two members each from KDP and Kōmeitō, and former governor Shigefumi Matsuzawa for Nippon Ishin no Kai after the 2016 and 2019 elections and party reshuffles since .

police

The Kanagawa Prefectural Police Headquarters (Kanagawa-ken-keisatsu honbu) and the headquarters of the Public Security Commission

The Ōyama ( Kawasaki BK 117 B-2 ) helicopter, one of four helicopters used by the Kanagawa Police Department

The Kanagawa Prefectural Police ( 神奈川県警察 , Kanagawa ken-keisatsu ) is the third largest prefectural police in the country with over 15,000 police officers. As in all prefectures, it is subordinate to the Prefectural Public Security Commission (ken kōan iinkai) , which in Kanagawa (as in all prefectures with designated cities or special districts) has five members for three-year terms; three are appointed by the governor with the approval of the prefectural parliament, and two are appointed by the mayors and parliaments of the designated cities in Kanagawa. There are 54 police stations across the prefecture. For national coordination and equipment, the Kanagawa Police Department is assigned to the Kantō Police Regional Office (Kantō kanku keisatsu-kyoku) of the national police authority .

The outline of Kanagawa Prefecture

government-designated city

independent city (-shi)

Small town (-chō)

Village (-mura)

Administrative division

When the Prussian municipal ordinances were introduced in 1889, Kanagawa was divided into 321 municipalities, including Yokohama (the first and until 1907) the only independent city and 27 additional cities - spread over 15 districts.
The number of municipalities fell in almost 100 years from 200 (1920), over 117 (1950), 58 (1955) and 39 (1960) to currently (since November 2007) 33. The current structure shows 19 district-free ( -shi ) and 13 towns ( -machi ) belonging to the district and one village ( -mura ). The number of counties ( -gun ) is six, two of which consist of only one municipality each.
Nine of the independent cities are organized in special forms for large cities:

"Designated Big Cities" ( Seirei shitei toshi ) - the prefectural seat of Yokohama as well as the cities of Kawasaki and Sagamihara.
The only prefecture with three cities of this special form.

Core city (Chūkakushi) - Yokosuka.

“Exceptional Cities ” (Tokureishi) - Chigasaki (2003), Atsugi (2002), Hiratsuka (2001), Odawara and Yamato (since 2000).

In the table below, the districts ( 郡 , - gun ) are shown in italics, below each (indented) the small towns ( 町 , -machi ) and the village ( 村 , -mura ) within them. At the beginning of the table are the independent cities ( 市 , - shi ). In the authority code (1st column), the first two digits are the prefecture (Kanagawa is 14), the third position is the type of authority: prefecture / -ken 0, designated city / [seirei] -shi and its [administrative] districts / [gyōsei] -ku 1, other independent city / -shi 2, [district members / rural] city / -machi or village / -mura 3 to 7. In the last two places -machi and -mura of a former district as Consecutive group put together starting with 1 in the last digit; however, through community mergers / incorporations in / upgrading to urban districts, gaps later emerged in many places. Although the local authority code was only introduced in this form decades after the districts / guns were abolished as an administrative unit, they were also assigned round keys that could be used for geographical and statistical purposes, divisible by 10: the 0 in front of the associated municipalities; these circle keys are used by the state surveying office ( Kokudo Chiriin ; at that time still called the "Geographical Survey Institute", GSI, today translated into English as the "Geospatial Information Authority of Japan", literally "geographic / -s (chiri) institute " ) / -ion (-in) [for the] national territory / country (kokudo) ”).

List of parishes in Kanagawa Prefecture
code	Surname		Area (in km²)	population	Population density (inh / km²) ³
code	Rōmaji	Kanji	October 1, 2017 ¹	October 1, 2019 ²	October 1, 2015 ³
14100	Yokohama- shi	横浜市	437.56	3,748,781	3,724,844	8512.76
14130	Kawasaki- shi	川崎市	143.01	1,530,457	1,475,213	10315.45
14150	Sagamihara- shi	相模原市	328.91	722.828	720.780	2191.42
14201	Yokosuka- shi	横須賀市	100.82	393,894	406,586	4032.79
14203	Hiratsuka- shi	平塚市	67.82	257.729	258.227	3807.53
14204	Kamakura- shi	鎌倉市	39.67	172.262	173.019	4361.46
14205	Fujisawa- shi	藤沢市	69.56	434,568	423,894	6093.93
14206	Odawara- shi	小田原市	113.81	190.109	194.086	1705.35
14207	Chigasaki- shi	茅ヶ崎市	35.70	241,887	239,348	6704.43
14208	Zushi- shi	逗子市	17.28	56,936	57,425	3323.21
14210	Miura- shi	三浦市	32.05	42,488	45.289	1413.07
14211	Hadano- shi	秦野市	103.76	165.051	167.378	1613.13
14212	Atsugi- shi	厚木市	93.84	224,677	225.714	2405.31
14213	Yamato- shi	大和市	27.09	237,445	232.922	8598.08
14214	Isehara- shi	伊勢原市	55.56	102.137	101,514	1827.11
14215	Ebina- shi	海老名市	26.59	133,706	130.190	4896.20
14216	Zama- shi	座間市	17.57	130.608	128,737	7327.09
14217	Minamiashigara- shi	南足柄市	77.12	41,814	43,306	561.54
14218	Ayase- shi	綾瀬市	22.14	84,372	84,460	3814.81
14300	Miura gun	三浦郡	17.04		32.096	1883.57
14301	Hayama- machi	葉山町	17.04	31,683	32.096	1883.57
14320	Koza-gun	高座郡	13.34		47,936	3593.40
14321	Samukawa- machi	寒川町	13.34	48,379	47,936	3593.40
14340	Naka-gun	中郡	26.25		59,928	2282.97
14341	Ōiso- machi	大磯町	17.18	31,284	31,550	1836.44
14342	Ninomiya- machi	二宮町	9.08	27,744	28,378	3125.33
14360	Ashigarakami-gun	足柄上郡	303.28		65,620	216.37
14361	Nakai- machi	中井町	19.99	9368	9679	484.19
14362	Ōi-machi	大井町	14.38	17,060	17,033	1184.49
14363	Matsuda- machi	松田町	37.75	10,884	11,171	295.92
14364	Yamakita-machi	山北町	224.61	9702	10,724	47.74
14366	Kaisei-machi	開成町	6.55	18,010	17,013	2597.40
14380	Ashigarashimo gun	足柄下郡	140.87		44,145	313.37
14382	Hakone- machi	箱根町	92.86	11,169	11,786	126.92
14383	Manazuru-machi	真鶴町	7.05	6843	7333	1040.14
14384	Yugawara-machi	湯河原町	40.97	23,802	25,026	610.84
14400	Aikō-gun	愛甲郡	105.52		43,557	412.78
14401	Aikawa-machi	愛川町	34.28	39,381	40,343	1176.87
14402	Kiyokawa-mura	清川村	71.24	3108	3214	45.12

Shi-bu ( All Shi , proportion of urban districts)	市部	1809.86	8,889,872	8,832,932	4880.45
Gun-bu ( All Gun , percentage of counties)	郡部	606.31	289.963	293,282	483.72

14000	Kanagawa-Ken (Kanagawa Prefecture)	神奈川県	2416.17	9,179,835	9,126,214	3777.14

There are areas with an unclear course of the municipality boundaries.

swell

¹ Area data from 2017
² Estimated population 2018
³ Results of the 2015 census

Biggest places

Existing cities (-shi)
October 1 census results
VZ year	Residents
2015	2010	2005	2000
Yokohama	3,724,844	3,688,773	3,579,628	3,426,651
Kawasaki	1,475,213	1,425,512	1,327,011	1,249,905
Sagamihara	720.780	717,544	628,698	605,561
Fujisawa	423,894	409,657	396.014	379.185
Yokosuka	406,586	418.325	426.178	428,645
Hiratsuka	258.227	260.780	258,958	254,633
Chigasaki	239,348	235.081	228.420	220,809
Yamato	232.922	228.186	221.220	212,761
Atsugi	225.714	224.420	222.403	217,369
Odawara	194.086	198,327	198,741	200.173
Kamakura	173.019	174.314	171.158	167,583
Hadano	167.378	170.145	168.317	168.142
Ebina	130.190	127,707	123.764	117,519
Zama	128,737	129,436	128.174	125,694
Isehara	101,514	101.039	100,579	99,544
Ayase	84,460	83.167	81,767	81,019
Zushi	57,425	58,302	58.033	57,281
Miura	45.289	48,352	49,861	52,253
Minamiashigara	43,306	44.020	44.134	44,156

In the specified period (2000–2015) there were only two boundary changes in the cities: The incorporation of two communities into the city of Sagamihara (March 2006 and March 2007).
The number of cities has remained unchanged since November 1978: Ayase became a city.

Partnerships

Kanagawa has international partnerships with the following regions:

the state of Maryland in the USA,
the province of Liaoning in the People's Republic of China,
the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany,
of Gyeonggi Province in the Republic of Korea,
the Odessa region in Ukraine,
the state of Penang in Malaysia,
the province of Västra Götaland in Sweden and
the city of Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia - this partnership was concluded jointly with 13 communities in Kanagawa on Sagami Bay and is thus essentially a regional partnership between the Sagami Coast and the Gold Coast.

In addition, the individual communities in Kanagawa maintain numerous international city partnerships.

economy

According to the cabinet office, the gross domestic product of Kanagawa in fiscal year 2014 was 30.3 trillion yen , which corresponded to around 5.9% of the total Japanese economic output.

The legal minimum wage in Kanagawa is 983 yen from October 2018 to 2019, making it the second highest in the country after Tokyo (¥ 985).

Demographics

Development of the population of the communities in Kanagawa between the 2005 and 2010 censuses
Increase

> 10.0%

7.5-10.0%

5.0-7.5%

2.5-5.0%

0.0-2.5%

Decrease

0.0-2.5%

2.5-5.0%

5.0-7.5%

7.5-10.0%

> 10.0%

As a highly urbanized and economically developed prefecture in the Kantō metropolitan region, Kanagawa is currently still seeing some population growth even as the nationwide demographic change has begun. According to the 2015 census, Kanagawa had 9,126,214 inhabitants in 3,979,278 households, an increase of 0.9% compared to the 2010 census. The population is already declining significantly in some more rural areas in the west, for example the population of the city of Yamakita between the 1995 and 2015 censuses from over 14,000 to under 11,000, that of the city of Hakone from over 18,000 to under 12,000.

As of January 1, 2018, there were 198,504 foreigners registered in Kanagawa, including around 65,000 from China (People's Republic), 27,500 from Korea (Republic), 21,000 from the Philippines and around 16,000 from Vietnam. The number of residents from Nepal, Vietnam and Sri Lanka has risen significantly recently.

Population development in the prefecture

Census population
Census year	Total population	male population	female population	Gender ratio men to 1000 women	Area in km²	Population density per km ²
1920	1,323,390	689.751	633,639	1089	2351.63	562.8
1925	1,416,792	739.699	677.093	1093	2351.63	602.5
1930	1,619,606	839.309	780.297	1076	2353.48	688.2
1935	1,840,005	951.348	888.657	1071	2352.81	782.1
1940	2,188,974	1,137,936	1,051,038	1083	2352.81	930.4
1945	1,865,667	922,522	943.145	978	2352.81	793.0
1950	2,487,665	1,247,934	1,239,731	1007	2361.13	1053.6
1955	2,919,497	1,470,415	1,449,082	1015	2361.37	1236.4
1960	3,443,176	1,746,926	1,696,250	1030	2361.37	1458.1
1965	4,430,743	2,280,926	2,149,817	1061	2374.62	1865.9
1970	5,472,247	2,822,212	2,650,035	1065	2384.72	2294.7
1975	6,397,748	3,287,118	3,110,630	1057	2390.80	2676.0
1980	6,924,348	3,536,021	3,388,327	1044	2397.10	2888.6
1985	7,431,974	3,804,081	3,627,893	1049	2402.07	3094.0
1990	7,980,391	4,098,147	3,882,244	1056	2412.11	3308.5
1995	8,245,900	4,209,525	4,036,375	1043	2413.58	3416.5
2000	8,489,974	4,308,786	4,181,188	1031	2415.41	3514.9
2005	8,791,597	4,444,555	4,347,042	1022	2415.84	3639.2
2010	9,048,331	4,544,545	4,503,786	1009	2415.86	3745.4
2015	9,126,214	4,558,978	4,567,236	998	2415.83	3777.7

tourism

Yokohama

In Yokohama is the tallest building in Japan until 2010, the 296 m high Yokohama Landmark Tower . With the largest Chinatown in Japan and other foreigners living in Yokohama, the city has a multicultural flair.

Kamakura

The former capital Kamakura has a number of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines . The 13.35 m high bronze statue of Amida Buddha, which has been standing outdoors since a tsunami in the 15th century that destroyed the surrounding temple, is well known.

literature

Neil L. Waters: The Second Transition: Early to Mid-Meiji in Kanagawa Prefecture . In: The Journal of Asian Studies , Vol. 49, No. 2, 1990, pp. 305-322.

Web links

Commons : Kanagawa prefecture - collection of images, videos and audio files

Official tourist website

Individual evidence

↑ Governor of the Japanese province of Kanagawa visits Baden-Württemberg on the occasion of 20 years of partnership. In: Baden-Württemberg state portal. June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2009 .

↑ Tadamitsu Saitō ( Nihon chizu gakkai / 日本地図学会 / Japanese Cartographic Society): Map of the prefectures in the 11th month of the year Meiji 4 (greg. Dec. 1871 / Jan. 1872) in 北関東３県は「宇都宮県」に幻の 28 道府県案 . In: Nihon Keizai Shimbun , electronic edition. September 25, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2017 (Japanese).

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Administration: Origin of the name, "Founding Day " (ritchō kinenbi) , origin (Japanese)

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Parliament : MPs by Group , accessed August 6, 2019.

↑ 統一地方選 2019 神奈川県議選各党議席 . In: NHK Senkyo Web. April 8, 2019, accessed May 22, 2019 (Japanese).

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Police: Air Corps (kōkūtai)

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Police (Japanese, English)

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Public Safety Commission (Japanese)

↑ Kantō Regional Office of the National Police Department (Japanese)

↑ Kokudo Chiriin (GSI - Geospatial Information Authority of Japan), 平成 29 年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調 (Nationwide survey of all prefectures and municipalities 2017) , p. 43: 14 Niigata-ken (Japanese), accessed on 28 February 2019

↑ 簡単検索・詳細検索・検索サンプル , accessed February 28, 2019 (Japanese)

↑ e-stat (English), accessed on February 28, 2019

↑ e-Stat database , accessed on April 1, 2019 (English)

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Administration (Kanagawa-kenchō) , "(Prefectural) Citizens Office" (kenmin-kyoku) , "Department for Life and Citizens" (kurashi-kenmin-bu) , "[ Sub ] Department for International Affairs" (kokusai-ka ) : 国際交流の推進> 神奈川県と友好交流先等との交流 (Japanese, English )

↑ Kanagawa Prefectural Administration: List and map of the international town twinning of the municipalities in the prefecture (Japanese, English (list only) )

↑ Naikaku-fu , keizai shakai sōgō kenkyūjo ( 経済社会総合研究所 , “General Research Institute for Economy and Society”), kenmin keizai kessan ( 県民経済計算 , “Prefecture National Accounts”), May 26, 2017: 済済 26 年度年度年度計算について , Retrieved July 30, 2018.

^ MHLW : List of minimum wages in all prefectures

↑ Kanagawa kenchō (Kanagawa Prefecture Administration), tōkei center (Statistics Center): 平成 27 年国勢調査人口等基本集集結果（神奈川県の確定数）

↑ Kanagawa kenchō (Prefectural Administration of Kanagawa), kokusai-bunka-kankō-kyoku (Office for International Affairs, Culture, Tourism): 県内外国人統計（外国人登録者統計 , 市 (区) 町村別主要国・地域別外国人数（2018 （平成 30）年 1 月 1 日現在） (pdf)

↑ 神奈川の外国人居住者 6.8 ％増、アジア新興国伸びる . In: nikkei.com . April 18, 2018, Retrieved July 30, 2018 (Japanese).

↑ e-Stat database , accessed on April 1, 2019 (English)

35.433055555556 139.5Coordinates: 35 ° 26 ' N , 139 ° 30' E

[1] Governor of the Japanese province of Kanagawa visits Baden-Württemberg on the occasion of 20 years of partnership. In: Baden-Württemberg state portal. June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2009 .

[2] Tadamitsu Saitō ( Nihon chizu gakkai / 日本地図学会 / Japanese Cartographic Society): Map of the prefectures in the 11th month of the year Meiji 4 (greg. Dec. 1871 / Jan. 1872) in 北関東３県は「宇都宮県」に幻の 28 道府県案 . In: Nihon Keizai Shimbun , electronic edition. September 25, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2017 (Japanese).