Artificial ruin
Artificial ruins were initially erected as staffage structures in the English landscape garden , so-called follies , and later as observation towers in the open landscape. They are mood-enhancing elements that are intended to generate feelings of sublimity and loneliness, but above all remind of the transience ( vanitas ) of people and their works.
history
In the second half of the 18th century, people in German-speaking countries turned away from the now boring, rational baroque park towards the emotional landscape park. With the introduction of free garden design, not only were “dramatic” elements such as artificial grottos, waterfalls and devil's bridges built, but also ancient structures (castles, towers, temples, and aqueducts) in different stages of decay. This should create a picturesque effect and a landscape atmosphere. They are typical of the romantic age .
In the later 18th and early 19th centuries, they were mainly built in palace gardens, such as the Roman ruins in Schönbrunn palace gardens . In this context, the building activity of Prince Johann I von Liechtenstein is particularly important, who had numerous artificial ruins built near Liechtenstein castles, especially south of Vienna and in South Moravia . With the influence of the growing bourgeoisie , the artificial ruins found their way into the landscape, often as neo-Gothic imitations of decaying medieval castles. In the course of the enthusiasm for nature, these buildings were no longer donated to the people as predominantly private , purposeless aesthetic elements, but as observation towers in prominent places in the landscape - initially by individual patrons , later by civic associations and similar bodies. At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, towers and turrets were built in almost every local condition, some with the appearance of artificial ruins. The Erlkron tower ruin in Glücksburg in Schleswig-Holstein , for example, was even built in 1900 using stones from a former castle , namely the demolished Duburg from neighboring Flensburg .
Examples of artificial ruins
Previous buildings
| Name of the building | place | start of building | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nymphaeum by Donato Bramante |
Genazzano , Italy |
Early 16th century; quasi the "prototype" of the artificial ruin | |
|
Magdalenenklause |
Nymphenburg Palace Park , Munich |
1725; also "forerunner" |
18th century
19th century
| Name of the building | place | start of building | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ruin in the castle park (now part of the city park) |
Teublitz Castle Park , Teublitz |
Age controversial; Around 1800, however, at least the remnants of a castle or chateau from the 13th century that might have already existed were converted |
| Artificial ruins | Heidecksburg | 1800 | |
|
Hanselburg ruins | Loosdorf (Fallbach municipality) | 1800 |
|
Funerary pyramid of Heinrich of Prussia |
Rheinsberg Castle Park , Rheinsberg |
1800-1801 |
|
Janův Hrad Castle (Hansenburg) |
Lednice , Czech Republic |
1801 |
|
Mausoleum in Bukowiec ("Abbey Ruins") |
Bukowiec (Mysłakowice) , Silesia |
1802 ff. |
|
Island of ruins |
Bagno , Burgsteinfurt |
1805 |
|
Mosburg |
Biebrich Castle Park , Wiesbaden-Biebrich |
1806 |
|
Black tower |
Mödling , Lower Austria |
1810 |
|
Amphitheater, Rauchkogel ruins |
Maria Enzersdorf , Lower Austria |
1810 |
| Salon ruins |
Březina u Rokycan , Czech Republic |
1810 | |
|
Koehlerhaus ruin |
Sparbach Nature Park , Lower Austria |
circa 1812 |
|
Eckersdorf ruin | Bożków | 1813 |
|
Spur of the vineyard | Bad Freienwalde | 1821 |
|
Damtschach Castle |
Wernberg , Carinthia |
1824 |
|
Turkish fall |
Seebenstein , Lower Austria |
1824 |
|
Haldimand tower |
Lausanne , Switzerland |
1825 |
|
Mouse tower | Radebeul | 1837/1840 |
|
Kippenburg | Aschaffenburg | 1839/1840 |
|
Bilz Castle |
Jägerberg , Radebeul |
1852 |
|
Schwarzberg Castle | at Goßdorf-Kohlmühle | 1858 |
|
Schwarzenstein Castle | Geisenheim | 1873 |
|
Theresienstein | Bürgerpark, Hof (Saale) |
1877 ff. |
.jpg)
|
Bilstein Tower |
Marsberg , Westphalia |
1880 |
.jpg)
|
Banter ruin | Banter See, Wilhelmshaven |
1889 |
|
Farm buildings of the castle, disguised as artificial ruins, which also housed a water and later a small electrical works (center) | Reichartshausen Castle , Oestrich-Winkel | 1889-1902 |
.JPG)
|
Portico |
Bürgerpark , Braunschweig |
1896 |
|
lock |
Břeclav , Czech Republic |
19th century |
20th century
| Name of the building | place | start of building | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Erlkron tower ruins | Glücksburg | 1900 |
| Observation tower | The punch | 1904 | |
|
|
Reppin Castle | Schwerin | 1907 |
|
Meerhardtturm | Gummersbach - Dieringhausen | 1908 |
|
Artificial ruin and Roland's arch | Faberpark , Nuremberg - Röthenbach near Schweinau | circa 1910 |
|
Herald Tower | Wengleinpark , Eschenbach , Pommelsbrunn | 1928 |
|
Wall of water | Saarbrücken public park , Saarbrücken | 1989 |
21st century
| Name of the building | place | start of building | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kugelburg ruin | Goldbach (Lower Franconia) | 2012 |
See also
literature
- Andrea M. Kluxen: The ruins "theater" of Wilhelmine of Bayreuth. In: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia. Vol. 67, 1987, ISSN 0066-6335 , pp. 187-255.
- Reinhold Zimmermann: Artificial ruins. Studies of their meaning and form. Reichert-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1989, ISBN 3-88226-435-7 (At the same time: Marburg, University, dissertation, 1984).
Individual evidence
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1909 ( zeno.org [accessed on May 5, 2019] Lexicon entry "Ruine").
- ↑ Silvia Buss: The attraction of ruins in the Bürgerpark . In: Saarbrücker Zeitung . October 13, 2017 ( saarbruecker-zeitung.de [accessed May 5, 2019]).
