Schönbrunn Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Schönbrunn Castle
Schönbrunn Palace from the Gloriette

Schönbrunn Palace from the Gloriette

Creation time : 1638-1643;
New building 1696–1701;
Extensions 1743–1749, 1775–1780
Conservation status: Receive
Standing position : imperial
Place: Vienna 13
Geographical location 48 ° 11 '5.2 "  N , 16 ° 18' 44.2"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '5.2 "  N , 16 ° 18' 44.2"  E
Height: 191  m above sea level A.
Schönbrunn Palace (Vienna)
Schönbrunn Castle
Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn
UNESCO world heritage UNESCO World Heritage Emblem
National territory: AustriaAustria Austria
Type: Culture
Criteria : i, iv
Surface: 186.28 ha
Reference No .: 786
UNESCO region : Europe and North America
History of enrollment
Enrollment: 1996  (session 20)

The Schönbrunn Palace , built in its current form in the 18th century as a summer residence for Empress (actually Emperor's wife and Archduchess) Maria Theresa , has been in the 13th district of Vienna , Hietzing , since 1892  . Its name goes back to a saying attributed to Emperor Matthias . He is said to have "discovered" an artesian spring here while hunting in 1619 and exclaimed: "What a beautiful well".

From 1638 to 1643 a palace was built in this area as a residence for the second wife of Emperor Ferdinand II , Eleonora Gonzaga . However, this facility was badly damaged in the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna in 1683. In 1687, Leopold I commissioned a representative new building by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach for his heir to the throne Joseph I for the castle, which at that time was located far outside the city gates.

It was not until 1743 that under Maria Theresa, dubbed Empress from 1745, Nikolaus von Pacassi and Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg rebuilt and expanded the palace and park in its current form. The baroque palace was the summer residence of the kings and emperors of the empire from the middle of the 18th century until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and of the Austrian imperial family from 1804 until the end of the First World War . During this time, the palace was almost continuously inhabited by a court of several hundred people and became a cultural and political center of the Habsburg Empire . During the Austro-Hungarian monarchy it also became k. k. Called the pleasure palace Schönbrunn .

Schönbrunn is the largest palace and one of the most important and most visited cultural assets in Austria . The castle and the 160 hectare park have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996 . One of the main attractions in the palace park is the oldest still existing zoo in the world, the Schönbrunn Zoo (16 hectares). The palace and park are among the main tourist attractions in Vienna .

History of the castle

prehistory

Katterburg and Gonzaga Castle, 1672. In the background the still wooded Gloriette Hill

The Khattermühle was first mentioned in a document in 1311 in a floodplain of the Wien River on the slope of a 60 m high hill , one of several mills in this area. In 1312 it passed into the possession of the Klosterneuburg monastery together with the area and, after several changes of ownership, was acquired in 1548 by the later mayor of Vienna, Hermann Bayr , who built his manor next to the mill, the so-called Katterburg or Gatterburg.

On October 8, 1569, Emperor Maximilian II acquired the extensive property, had it pacified and stocked it with game birds , red deer and wild boar in order to use it for hunting. He had fish ponds built and exotic birds such as turkeys and peacocks kept in a separate area . The name pheasant garden for the rear, not publicly accessible part of the property still indicates this. The mill was dismantled the following year. In 1570 Maximilian had a hunting lodge built in the now existing zoo. The construction of a castle was not yet planned: At that time, Maximilian had the Neugebau castle built on the other side of the city , where he set up a menagerie .

In 1590, the Archduke of Inner Austria and later Emperor Ferdinand II gave the hunting lodge to his war paymaster Egid Gattermeier , after whom it was called Gatterschloss and the associated forest Gatterhölzl for a long time . In 1612, Emperor Matthias , son of Maximilian II, is said to have discovered a spring in the area during a hunt, which later became the name of Schönbrunn as the Schöne Brunnen . Matthias is said to have found favor and the hunting lodge was expanded.

It was not until Eleonora Gonzaga , widow of Ferdinand II. , Who her stepson Ferdinand III. had left the property as a widow's residence, had an annex to the gate castle built between 1638 and 1643, then called Gonzaga Castle, in which she could give receptions appropriate to her status. At this time there is talk of " around a hundred French trees, including 24 bitter oranges ", i.e. an early orangery , and the term Schönbrunn appears for the first time on an invoice from January 24, 1642 for a delivery of wood . After Eleonora's death in 1655, Schönbrunn went to Eleonora Magdalena Gonzaga , the third wife of the late Ferdinand III., As a widow's residence. In 1661, Emperor Leopold I built a "rabbit shed" on the Schönbrunn mountain (where the Gloriette is located).

In the course of the second Turkish siege in 1683, the entire complex - the castle with its outbuildings and all associated gardens - was damaged to the point of being unusable. Eleonora Magdalena Gonzaga asked for at least two rooms and a hall to be restored, but she died in 1686 before that was done.

Construction of the castle

Fischer von Erlach's impracticable first draft, 1688. Engraving by Johann Adam Delsenbach , 1721
Design 2, after 1693

It was not until 1687 that Leopold I commissioned a representative new building for his heir to the throne, Joseph I. The recently immigrated Johann Bernhard Fischer, who later became Fischer von Erlach , proposed a pompous construction in 1688 that would have surpassed the Palace of Versailles , but would not have been affordable. Instead, the architect was commissioned in 1693 with a much smaller complex, which was built from 1696 to 1701 over the rubble of the earlier one and, essentially completed, was inhabited from 1700 onwards. Fischer was ennobled in 1696, but due to the wars of succession , the project was only continued by Joseph I after the death of Leopold I in 1705, but was not completed in the planned form.

The Viennese masters Veith Steinböck and Thomas Schilck, both from Eggenburg in Lower Austria, with the Zogelsdorfer Stein , master Georg Deprunner from Loretto (then Hungary ) and master Johann Georg Haresleben from Kaisersteinbruch received stonemason orders . The Kaiserstein , a hard limestone, was used for load-bearing architectural parts in the castle.

After Joseph's death in 1711, Schönbrunn went to his widow Wilhelmine Amalie in 1712 , who lived in the palace until 1722 and finally sold it with the gardens to the imperial court for 450,000 guilders in 1728  .

Maria Theresa's summer residence

Charles VI Was not very interested in Schönbrunn himself, but gave it to his daughter Maria Theresia in 1740 , who chose the property as the summer residence of the imperial family, who stayed there until 1918. In 1741 she had a continuous avenue built from Schönbrunn to Laxenburg Palace . From 1743 to 1749 Schönbrunn Palace was decisively rebuilt and expanded by master builder Valmagini according to plans by its court architect Nikolaus von Pacassi , who also worked at the Hofburg : the building was raised by one floor; Brick cornices and pillars were replaced by stone ones. For example, frescoes by Johann Michael Rottmayr were lost. She also had a large part of the interior furnishings renewed, which is almost the only example of an Austrian Rococo . Since Maria Theresa's husband in 1736, Franz I Stephan von Lothringen , was elected Emperor in 1745, the monarch has always been dubbed Empress.

Schönbrunn from the courtyard side. Canaletto , 1758

The imperial court building authority paid for the stonemasonry work for the renovations in the years 1750–1752 to the masters Matthias Winkler , Ferdinand Mödlhammer, Gabriel Steinböck and Johann Baptist Regondi . Regondi from the imperial quarry delivered from hard Kaiserstein especially levels for the prestigious Blue staircase, the chapels, worm and secret staircase and the large white staircase, a stately staircase to the court with a stone balustrade and the garden side staircase.

In a side wing of the castle is the castle theater, which opened in 1747 and where Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart performed, among others . Maria Theresa had the garden expanded, the menagerie laid out in 1752 and the botanical garden laid out by Adrian van Steckhoven in 1763 .

Gloriette

Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg , a representative of early classicism , was introduced to the court around 1765 , but Maria Theresa refrained from making major structural changes for seven years after the death of her husband. It was not until 1772 that she commissioned them. Hohenberg's most striking work is the Gloriette (also called "the Gloriett" around 1860). The building is an arcade on the hill above the castle (also called Schönbrunner Berg ), which optically closes the castle garden. It is meant as a memorial for the just war (which leads to peace), at the point where the main building was to be built according to Fischer von Erlach's original plan and a belvedere according to the second draft.

In connection with the construction of the Gloriette (1775 to 1780) there is a note from Maria Theresa: “There is an old gallery of stone pillars and cornices in Neugebau , which is useless, [...] I decided to demolish them from there and have it brought to Schönbrunn ”. The gallery and the columns - all made of high-quality Kaiserstein  - were removed and columns, arch reveals and entablature pieces, including step stones, were used for the Gloriette. In 1775 the work was completed. Its facade has been in the prototypical Schönbrunn yellow since the Josephinian era .

At the same time as the Gloriette, the Roman ruins and the obelisk fountain were built , which were also built according to Hohenberg's plans. The associated statues and other accessories were created by the sculptors Benedict Henrici , Johann Baptist Hagenauer and Franz Zächerl .

19th and 20th centuries

Remains of the north-eastern trophy group of the Gloriette, which was built in the second half of the 18th century and destroyed by bombs in February 1945

The castle was named for the Schönbrunn German , which was spoken at court from the end of the 18th century.

In 1805 and 1809 Napoleon and his entourage stayed in Schönbrunn Palace when the French occupied Vienna. On December 15, 1805, the Treaty of Schönbrunn between Prussia and France was signed here and on October 14, 1809 the even more important Peace of Schönbrunn between France and Austria.

In 1830 Franz Joseph I, who was proclaimed emperor at the age of 18, was born here. In 1832, Napoleon's son and only legitimate descendant, Napoleon Franz Bonaparte , known in Austria as the Duke of Reichstadt, died here at the age of 21.

Franz Joseph I used the castle as a summer residence and for many years drove from there to work in the Hofburg , where he lived in winter. In the last years of his life he lived and officiated all year round in Schönbrunn and died here in 1916. His successor Charles I signed here on November 11, 1918 his renunciation of any share in state  affairs , relieved his kk government and left the state-owned palace with his Family that same evening.

An application by the Wiener Kinderfreunde , which its chairman Max Winter (at that time Vice Mayor) made to the city council in 1919, to grant two wings (Valerie and Kavalier wing) for 350 children, including many war orphans, and the Kinderfreunde private educator school to be established was only partially complied with: the cavalier wing was reserved for Christian-social associations.In 1919, two workers 'councils confiscated the premises of the garden director's floor at Hietzinger Tor by force in order to accommodate the Hietzinger district workers' council there. The judicial enforcement of the eviction took five years.

The palace area, which belonged to the court in the monarchy , fell into the administration of the republican state in 1919 due to the Habsburg law , and from 1920 to the federal government (today's supervisory authority: Ministry of Economics ).

High-ranking politicians were given apartments in the castle by the state, but soon also war invalids. The inmates of the home for the disabled, which was closed in 1922, are said to have caused considerable damage to the furniture. From 1924 to 1935 the scouts had three rooms in the eastern part .

In 1922, 70 former court horses were quartered in the palace because the former court stables were being converted into the trade fair palace. When the fair opened in spring 1923, the collection of the remaining vehicles from the imperial vehicle fleet was already housed in the former Schönbrunn Winter Riding School , which has since been referred to as Wagenburg and organizationally forms a department of the Art History Museum .

The castle theater , which had degenerated into a furniture depot before the war, was used by the Burgtheater again from 1919 , but this had to be closed again in 1924 for financial reasons. However, a worthy successor was found in the Max Reinhardt Seminar in 1929 , which has been using it as a practice stage ever since.

Adolf Hitler was not accommodated in the palace, as he abhorred "imperial pomp".

Schönbrunn Palace in 1952, still under British post-war occupation
The Gloriette of the Castle, 1952

Towards the end of the war there was a flak position on the Gloriette , and in 1945 the main wing and part of the Gloriette were badly damaged by Allied bombing. Among other things, the eastern part of the Great Gallery with the ceiling frescoes by Guglielmi was completely destroyed - the frescoes were reconstructed in the post-war period by the theater painter Paul Reckendorfer based on images.

Soviet troops who occupied the area in the Battle of Vienna in April 1945 behaved in an exemplary manner in this case. During the occupation from September 1945, the castle was the headquarters of the British occupying forces , whose Vienna sector included the two adjoining districts 12 and 13. This prevented looting and promoted the early repair of the worst damage. In 1948 parts of the castle could be viewed again. With the State Treaty of 1955 , the four occupying powers withdrew from Austria. In 1961, Federal President Adolf Schärf gave a gala dinner in the palace for the Kennedy-Khrushchev summit .

The management of the castle was long a castle captain officers referred to the commercial, structural and Economic Affairs and his staff transferred and founded to state-owned in 1992 Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsgesellschaft  mbH transferred. Since then, the company has been able to finance the maintenance and restoration of the castle from its own income. The park is looked after by the federal gardens , the zoo is managed by its own, also state-owned GmbH. In 1996 the palace and park were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Back of the 100 Schilling banknote with Schönbrunn Palace (1960)

The lock can be seen on the back of the 100 Schilling banknote from 1960.

The Schönbrunn Palace and Gardens, as the Schönbrunn cadastral community, form one of the 89  cadastral communities in Vienna . Like many other suburbs of the city, the area was incorporated into the City of Vienna in 1892.

Current situation

Schönbrunn Palace has 1,441 rooms of various sizes. Part of it, which does not belong to the museum, is rented out as apartments to private individuals by Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH. However, most of the castle functions as a museum, which counted around 3.7 million visits in 2016. The park and its facilities attract around another 5 million, a total of around 8.7 million visits per year. The area is one of the most popular sights in Vienna . In addition to its tourist function, its function as a local recreation area is also important for the densely built-up areas of the adjacent districts 12 , 13 , 14 and 15 .

From March 16 to April 13, 2020 inclusive, the facility was closed as part of the Austrian Federal Gardens in the course of the Covid 19 pandemic .

Panoramic view of the wings surrounding the courtyard, including the eastern and western side wings, which frame the main wing of the palace

Castle building

Layout


inside rooms

The interiors of the palace not only served as the residence of the imperial family, but were built for representation purposes and the scene of countless festivities and ceremonies that were intended to symbolize and strengthen the prestige of the monarchy. For this purpose, many well-known artists and renowned craftsmen were commissioned, who furnished the rooms with the greatest elegance of the time. The styles range from baroque to rococo, Biedermeier and styles from the Wilhelminian era, but by and large they form a harmonious ensemble.

The 19th century living quarters of Emperor Franz Joseph I and his wife Elisabeth are located in the western wing of the first floor. The representation rooms are in the middle part. In the eastern wing are the apartments of Maria Theresa and the so-called Franz-Karl-Apartments of Archduchess Sophie and Archduke Franz Karl, the parents of Emperor Franz Joseph I.

The castle has hundreds of rooms and rooms; most of the state rooms and living quarters of the imperial family are open to the public. Some of the remaining rooms have been divided into apartments that are rented out. The castle is therefore not empty and is still inhabited all the time.

Every year around 1.6 million visitors move through the palace building. This is an annual average of around 4,000 people, and in high season even 10,000 guests per day. The large number of visitors is a particular burden for the rooms, which were not designed for such a dense traffic. A particular challenge for the administration of the castle is the complex maintenance and renovation of the premises while at the same time ensuring the greatest possible accessibility for the public.

Mountain room

Illusionistic landscapes with exotic animals and plants in the Crown Prince's apartment

The private apartments of the imperial family, the so-called "Berglzimmer", are located on the ground floor. These consist of the Gisela, Goëss and Crown Prince apartments, named in the 19th century after the children of Empress Elisabeth, Gisela of Austria and Crown Prince Rudolf , as well as the Empress's Chief Chamberlain, Countess von Goëss. The rooms were decorated with frescoes by Johann Baptist Wenzel Bergl and his workshop in the 1770s.

Bergl covered all the walls and ceilings with colorful landscape paintings populated by strange animals and birds. However, this world is not untouched, but integrated according to human ideas by arcades, balustrades , and rococo vases. In this regard, the baroque palace park extends outside into the rooms. Bergl's frescoes are based on in-depth studies of nature, which he perhaps even made in the park and the orangery of the castle. The Berglzimmer were used by Maria Theresa in summer because they were cooler than the rooms on the first floor.

Over time, the frescoes were painted over with gray paint, but were exposed again in 1891. Restoration began in 1965, and from 2008 they were opened to the public.

Crown Prince Rudolf's apartments are located in the east and south-east. The six rooms were set up in 1864 as an apartment for the then six-year-old Crown Prince. Four of these six rooms were completely decorated with exotic landscape paintings by Bergl and his workshop between 1774 and 1778.

The area known as the Goëss apartment consists of four Bergl rooms and is located in the southern area and was one of Maria Theresa's private apartments.

White gold room

In the southeastern part of the ground floor there are four rooms, the white walls and ceilings of which are decorated with golden stucco from the Rococo. This decor can be found in most of the representative rooms in the palace building. The largest room is Empress Elisabeth's former gymnastics room and has a length of 13.80 meters, a width of 7.85 meters, a height of 4.70 meters and an area of ​​108 square meters. A marble fireplace with a large mirror is in the middle of the north wall, the floor is a parquet floor with a black, white and brown diamond pattern . The smaller rooms are designed similarly. The rooms are used for special events.

Blue stairs

The blue stairs

The representative blue staircase in the west wing leads from the ground floor to the first floor, where mainly the audience and representation rooms are located. A dark blue runner runs over the entire staircase. The room on the first floor is one of the oldest in the castle; it originally served as the dining room in the former hunting lodge of Emperor Joseph I, who was still heir to the throne at that time. On behalf of Maria Theresa, the room was rebuilt by Nikolaus Pacassi around 1745 . You can see the height of the original floor of the room when it was on the first floor, as the windows can no longer be opened without the help of a ladder.

Ceiling fresco by Sebastiano Ricci

The ceiling fresco is an original from the old dining room and shows the glorification of the heir to the throne Joseph as a virtuous war hero, who finally wins the laurel wreath in front of the throne of eternity. The fresco was made by the Italian painter Sebastiano Ricci in 1701/1702. It is not entirely clear whether the name of the staircase comes from the blue runner or from the blue sky of the ceiling painting.

Billiard room

The billiard room (state 1860)

The billiard room is located at the beginning of a long sequence of audience and private rooms of Franz Joseph I. The walls are white with gold-plated stucco from the Rococo and an ornate parquet floor. There is a white and gold fireplace in the northeast corner and a clock in the northwest corner. Today's furniture is from the second half of the 19th century. In the middle there is a large Biedermeier billiard table, which is mentioned in the inventory as early as 1830.

The room served as a waiting room for imperial ministers, generals and officers. While they were waiting for their audience, they could play billiards here.

The large paintings in the room were changed from time to time. The attached two paintings are about the military Maria Theresa order . A painting shows the award of the medal for the first time in 1758; it comes from the workshop of Martin van Meytens . The other painting from 1857 is by Fritz L'Allemand and shows Emperor Franz Joseph I on the garden stairs on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the order.

nursery

Portrait of Archduchess Maria Antonia in the nursery, painted by the master of the archduchesses

The so-called children's room was not in this room, but was actually on the ground floor or on the upper floors of the castle.

It is adorned with portraits of Maria Theresa's daughters. Most of her 11 daughters were married for political reasons when they were young. Six portraits in the room were painted by the anonymous master of the Archduchesses . The portraits depict the Archduchesses Maria Anna , Maria Christina , Maria Elisabeth , Maria Amalia , Maria Karolina and Maria Antonia . In the right half of the room hangs a portrait of Maria Theresa in widow's costume.

On the left is a bathroom that was installed for Empress Zita in 1917. It is clad in marble and has hot and cold running water, a bathtub and a shower.

Breakfast cabinet

The cabinet in the southwest corner was probably used as a breakfast room by Empress Maria Josepha, the second wife of Joseph II.

This cabinet is one of several examples of the personal collaboration of the imperial family on the interior of the palace. In the medallions are application work inserted, which were made by the mother of Maria Theresa, Elisabeth Christine. She sewed scraps of fabric onto silk moiree and designed flower bouquets with insects.

Hall of Mirrors

The mirror room (status 1860)

The mirror room dates from the time of Maria Theresa and has white walls with golden stucco decorations from the Rococo and red velvet curtains with white curtains. The rococo furniture is also made of white and gold wood, the upholstery covered with red velvet. The defining element are the seven large crystal mirrors that give the room its name and reflect each other and make the room appear larger. A marble fireplace is in the center of the north wall. Two large crystal chandeliers hang from the ceiling.

Presumably the six-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's first concert before Empress Maria Theresa and the court took place here or in the adjoining pink room . According to eyewitness reports, after the piano prelude to the empress, the young Mozart jumped on the empress's lap and hugged and kissed her, much to her delight.

The hall of mirrors was also used as a reception salon for Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth.

Great gallery

Great gallery

The Great Gallery is the heart of the castle building. With a length of over 40 meters, a width of almost 10 meters and a total of 420 m², the Great Gallery was mainly used for festive receptions, balls and as a banquet room. The room has high windows facing the main courtyard with crystal mirrors opposite. The white walls are decorated with gilded stucco from the Rococo, the ceiling is covered with three large paintings. Over 60 gold-plated wall sconces and two heavy chandeliers originally provided light with candles.

The ceiling is covered by three large paintings by the Italian painter Gregorio Guglielmi . The middle fresco shows the prosperity of the monarchy under the rule of Maria Theresa. Franz Stephan and Maria Theresa are enthroned in the middle, surrounded by the personified virtues of rule. Allegories of the crown lands with their respective riches are arranged around this central group.

In addition to concerts and events, the Great Gallery is still used for state receptions. In 1961 the meeting between the American President John F. Kennedy and the Soviet Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev took place here.

A two-year renovation began in spring 2010. 1400 m² of walls and ceilings were cleaned and restored by 15 experts. The cost of the renovation was estimated at 2.6 million euros.

Ceremonial hall

The large portrait of Maria Theresa by Martin van Meytens in the ceremonial hall

The ceremonial hall was primarily used as an anteroom to the apartments of Emperor Franz Stephan of Lorraine. The imperial family gathered here for celebrations such as baptisms, name days, birthdays and for large court tables and to enter the oratorios of the palace chapel. Six large paintings are the defining element in this room, which Maria Theresa commissioned from Martin van Meytens and his workshop.

Five of these paintings are about the wedding between the heir to the throne and later Emperor Joseph II and Isabella of Parma in 1760. The wedding was not only a social, but above all a political event; it was supposed to improve relations between the House of Habsburg and the French royal house of the Bourbons .

The painting cycle is arranged chronologically, the individual paintings show the most important highlights of the celebrations. The first and largest painting depicts the solemn entry of the princess from Belvedere Palace to the Hofburg. An endless cortege of festive carriages, coaches and riders meanders through a victory gate towards the Hofburg. The other paintings show the wedding ceremony in the Augustinian Church, the subsequent court table in the knight's hall and supper, as well as the serenade in the redoutensaal of the Hofburg. Van Meytens painted the buildings and people and their clothes with such great detail that individual identification is possible. In the painting of the serenade in the Redoutensaal of the Hofburg, even the little Mozart is suspected in the lower right corner.

In the middle of the eastern wall, between the paintings of the wedding in the church and the serenade in the Redoutensaal, there is a large portrait of Maria Theresa. It shows her standing as the “First Lady of Europe” in a precious dress made of Brabant bobbin lace next to a table on which there are four crowns on a red velvet cushion with gold tassels. Her right hand rests on a scepter, with her left hand she points to the crowns of her dignity: the imperial crown , the Bohemian Wenceslas crown , the Hungarian crown of St. Stephen and the Austrian archducal hat .

Vieux Laque room

Vieux Laque room with the portrait of Francis I by Pompeo Batoni

The former study of the Roman Emperor Franz I (Franz Stephan von Lothringen) is called the Vieux-Laque-Zimmer. After his death in 1765, his widow Maria Theresa had his room redesigned as a memory room.

The room is paneled from floor to ceiling with walnut. Black lacquer panels from Beijing with gold-plated rococo frames are inserted between the walnut . There are also three portraits here: In the middle is the painting of Francis I, which was completed by Pompeo Batoni four years after his death in 1769 . On the right is the painting of Emperor Joseph II and his younger brother Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who later became Emperor Leopold II. This painting was also done by Batoni in 1769.

The lacquer panels were originally part of a Chinese screen that was sawn into individual parts as a wall decoration. The sawing caused cracks that grew stronger over time. The individual parts were adapted to the aesthetic demands of the room, not according to the original Chinese arrangement. Moisture and temperature fluctuations continued to attack the lacquer substance over time, and ultraviolet light bleached the gold surfaces. The cracks and the surface were repaired several times, but a thorough renovation began in 2002 and took three years. The last renovation before that happened in 1872, when the castle was spruced up for the 1873 World's Fair. For the renovation, the 138 larger and 84 small panels on the walls, door panels and overhangs were dismantled, restored and reinserted one after the other. Older, faulty repairs were removed and expertly touched up to restore the panels to their original appearance. In order to better protect the boards in the future, the room is continuously shielded from sunlight and is only illuminated with subdued, electric light.

The original screen showed real and imaginative scenes from the Chinese landscape. There are motifs with lakes, rocks, pavilions and mountains on which saints and geniuses rest, as well as palaces, hunting and everyday scenes of the Chinese nobility with their servants. Happiness and wealth or transience and immortality are symbolized by animal, fruit and flower motifs.

Napoleon's room

When Napoleon occupied Vienna in 1805 and 1809, he chose the palace as his headquarters. During this time, he probably used this room as a bedroom. When he married Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria , daughter of Emperor Franz II / I, in 1810 the peace between the two kingdoms was to be sealed. From this connection came the son Napoleon Franz Bonaparte , who was later appointed Duke of Reichstadt by his grandfather Emperor Franz I. After Napoleon's defeat and abdication, Marie-Louise brought her two-year-old son to Vienna. Here he grew up well protected at his grandfather's court. As his grandfather's favorite, he shared his interest in botany .

The young Duke died in this room in 1832 at the age of 21 of tuberculosis . In the room is his death mask and a preserved crested lark that was his beloved pet.

Porcelain room

Chandelier in the porcelain room

The porcelain room served Maria Theresa as a playroom and study. The blue and white painted, carved wood framework imitates porcelain and covers the entire room up to the ceiling. The designs for the decoration of the walls were probably made by Maria Theresa's daughter-in-law Isabella of Parma. 213 blue ink drawings are included in the framework. They come from Emperor Franz I Stephan and some of his children and were made based on designs by François Boucher and Jean-Baptiste Pillement .

Million room

The million room is one of the most precious in the entire castle. Originally referred to as the Feketin cabinet , this room was given the name because of its extremely valuable paneling made of rosewood .

In 60 rococo cartridges , Indo-Persian miniatures are embedded, which show scenes from the private and court life of the Mughal rulers in India in the 16th and 17th centuries.

In order to adapt the miniatures to the asymmetrical shapes of the cartouches, the individual sheets were cut up by members of the imperial family and reassembled into new pictures in a kind of collage. The chandelier is a Viennese handcraft from 1760 and is made of bronze, decorated with enamel flowers. The bust behind the sofa shows Maria Theresa's youngest daughter Archduchess Marie Antoinette , who later became Queen of France. Crystal mirrors are attached to both sides of the room, which reflect each other and thus create the illusion of an infinite space.

Cabinet of miniatures

The cabinet of miniatures is located next to the Millionenzimmer. The walls of this comparably small room are furnished with a large number of small and partly signed pictures that come from the husband and children of Maria Theresa. The walls and ceiling are decorated with stucco from the Baroque era, the parquet floor has a diamond pattern in three types of wood. In the middle of the white embroidered lace curtains is the imperial double-headed eagle. These come from the time of Franz Joseph I.

Tapestry Salon

On the walls of the room hang Brussels tapestries from the 18th century, called tapestries , which show market and port scenes. The large tapestry in the middle represents the port of Antwerp . Antwerp was then part of the Austrian Netherlands . The six armchairs are also covered with tapestries and show the twelve months of the year with the corresponding signs of the zodiac .

Most recently, Archduchess Sophie , mother of Emperor Franz Joseph I, used the salon as a living room. After the Archduchess's death, the room was given its existing furnishings in 1873 on the occasion of the Vienna World Exhibition .

Archduchess Sophie's writing room

Originally the room served as a library. The bookshelves are behind the paneling that can be opened. In the 19th century, the room was furnished as a writing room for Archduchess Sophie, the mother of Emperor Franz Joseph I, and was thus part of the apartments of the parents of Emperor Franz Joseph.

Red salon

Emperor Ferdinand I, painted by Leopold Kupelwieser, in the Red Salon

The Red Salon got its name from the silk wallpaper on the walls. The curtains are made of red velvet and silk, the carpet is also in red. In the salon there are several state portraits of emperors in the regalia of the Order of the Golden Fleece , including Leopold II , his son and successor Franz II./I. , his son Ferdinand I and his wife Maria Anna of Savoy . The double portraits of Emperor Ferdinand I and Empress Maria Anna were painted by Leopold Kupelwieser .

Castle theater

On the right in the entrance area of ​​the forecourt is the castle theater , which was built in 1745 and opened in 1747 and is still used.

Schönbrunn Palace Suite

The Schönbrunn Suite was opened in spring 2014 and is operated by Austria Trend Hotels . The suite is located in the east wing of the main building. It extends over 167 square meters and offers space for four people. There are two bedrooms, two bathrooms, a living room, dining room and kitchen, which are kept in imperial style, including a four-poster bed and stucco work . The service is provided by the nearby Parkhotel Schönbrunn , which is also operated by the chain.

Castle Park

Overview map, see picture description

The castle and its park form an inseparable ensemble. Although the system was already sketched in Fischer von Erlach's design, the garden architecture design goes back to Jean Trehet , a student of Le Nôtre , who began planning in 1695 and was constantly employed in Schönbrunn until 1699. Later, at least temporary work there is to be assumed. The width of the parterre goes back to Trehet (which at that time was probably only half the current length), and he had the boscette on the side built. There are notes on Trehet's system, but unfortunately no images.

After Maria Theresa chose the palace as her summer residence in 1742, the ground floor was expanded to its current size in 1750. Emperor Franz I Stephan , in particular, took care of the redesign of the grounds , who set up the zoo in 1752 and the Dutch Botanical Garden in 1753 on land that was bought for this purpose and connected to the previous area to the west . He commissioned the Dutchman Adrian van Steckhoven and his assistant Richard van der Schot . Although the current orangery building was completed in 1755, plans for the design of the hill only went so far during the emperor's lifetime that a lane was cut into the forest to continue the parquet.

It was not until seven years after the death of her husband that Maria Theresa commissioned Hetzendorf von Hohenberg , who her adviser Kaunitz had introduced at court as early as 1765, to redesign the hill and the park .

Hohenberg's first project (1771/1772) envisaged a large basin on the hill that was to feed a number of fountains, for example four more on the large ground floor in addition to the Neptune fountain. Construction work began in 1773. A star-shaped basin that has existed in the central axis of the parterre since around 1700 was moved to the western bosquet, where it exists as a star basin or western naiad fountain .

It was not until 1776/1777 that it finally became clear that the water requirements of the wells could not be covered by Hohenberg's first draft, which is why twelve wells that had already been dug were filled in again, the four on the main ground floor, the others on the slope. Instead, Hohenberg completed the obelisk fountain (1777) and the ruins (1778) and then concentrated on the design of the Neptune fountain. This was put into operation in 1780, while Maria Theresa was still alive.

The park was about 1779 by Emperor Joseph II. Made available to the displeasure of the court nobility to the public and is since then an important recreational area for the Viennese population. Major Hofgarten director was Friedrich Leo of Rottenberger , the 1918-1934 successfully held the line. After the end of the monarchy, the gardens were administered by the Vienna Innsbruck Federal Gardens . Rottenberger's successor was Franz Matschkai. Brigitte Mang is currently in charge.

The large ground floor with the Neptune Fountain and at the end the Gloriette, to the left and right of it the castle park

The ultimate goal of the Roman Empire is addressed above all in the three park buildings: After the wars ended with glory (Gloriette), the House of Habsburg ruled the world as the successor to the Roman emperors until the end of time (obelisk), while its enemies are doomed ( Ruin).

Large ground floor

Great Parterre and Gloriette (2014)
Great Parterre and Gloriette (1900)

The center of the park is the Great Parterre , which has been extending along the main axis of the complex to the Gloriette Hill since around 1780. (Around 1750 it was only half the size, and a number of later ideas could not be implemented. In particular, a design from around 1770, which provided for four large fountains , was not feasible due to a lack of water.)

The 32 sculptures that were set up on the edge of the “large parterre” were created, like the other figures in the park, mostly in the studio of Johann Christian Wilhelm Beyer and according to his concept. They represent characters from Greco-Roman mythology or their history.

Fountain of Neptune

The Neptune Fountain

At the foot of the slope is the impressive Neptune Fountain , which visually closes the ground floor with larger-than-life figures and at the same time forms the transition to the hill. After four years of construction, it was completed shortly before Maria Theresa's death.

The portrayed sea ​​voyage of Neptune stands as a parable for the prince who knows how to steer his country away from the perils of fate.

Roman ruin

The Roman Ruin (1780)

The artificial ruin designed by Hohenberg and erected in 1778 is based on Piranesi's depictions of the ruins of the Roman Temple of Vespasian and Titus . It was initially called the Ruins of Carthage . During the restoration, which was completed in 2003, the original coloring was reapplied using a contemporary watercolor and paint remnants on the stones.

The complex consists of a mighty round arch and side wall wings that enclose a rectangular pool and give the impression of a sinking ancient palace. In the basin, on an artificial island, there is a group of figures made of Sterzingen marble, created by Beyer, which represent the river gods of the Vltava and Elbe.

Halfway up the slope in the background, exactly in the axis of the archway, the statue of Hercules fighting the forces of evil towers over the ensemble. The plan was to send water cascades, like a flood, to Carthage from there, but this was never implemented: there was a lack of water and money. In the existing grassy aisle, however, the terraces created for this purpose can still be seen.

Artificial ruins, which became very popular in the course of the emerging Romanticism from the middle of the 18th century, ambivalently symbolize the downfall of former greatness as well as the reference to one's own heroic past (by glorifying its supposed remains). This explains the reinterpretation of the walls, which have only been called Roman ruins since around 1800 and thus express the claim of the Habsburgs to continue this empire. Not far from there, the recently built obelisk fountain complements the iconographic program of garden design and deepens the same claim.

Main dimensions: length 35.4 m, width 20.35 m and height 15.76 m.

Obelisk fountain

Obelisk fountain

The obelisk fountain was also planned by Hohenberg and, as indicated in the gilded base inscription, completed in 1777.

A grotto mountain rising from the basin is populated by river deities and crowned by an obelisk that rests on four golden turtles. At the top a gold-plated eagle: a symbol of absolute stability, here with express reference to the pharaohs, and an expression of the continued existence of the House of Habsburg. The hieroglyphs cut into the obelisks to glorify the rulers had not yet been deciphered at this point in time.

Gloriette

Gloriette

The Gloriette was built in 1775 on the hill above the Neptune Fountain. It commemorates the Battle of Kolin on June 18, 1757, when the advance of the Prussian King Friedrich II on Vienna was stopped during the Seven Years' War .

Little Gloriette

Little Gloriette

The Kleine Gloriette is located on the wooded mountain slope and near the Maria-Theresien-Tor entrance.

Beautiful fountain

A little off the beaten track is the beautiful fountain , which gave the palace and grounds their name. A fountain house built by court gardener Adrian van Steckhoven was replaced in 1771 by a new building by court architect Isidore Canevale . It has the shape of a pavilion with a square floor plan and is opened on the front and back by a round arch. In front of the back wall is an allegorical statue of the spring nymph Egeria in the middle, resting on a basin . It comes from Wilhelm Beyer and was erected in 1780. Her right arm holds the vase from which the spring water once flowed. The interior walls of the house are covered in relief with stalactite and plant decoration, the outside has stalactite decoration.

The inscription plate in the right side wall, with double initials MM and bow crown, was only moved into the fountain in 1960. It was previously built into the surrounding wall of the castle park, near the Maria-Theresientor, where an almost identical stone is still located today. The inscription was clearly assigned to Kaiser Kaiser Maximilian II (1527–1576).

The story of how Emperor Matthias found the source is now a legend.

Since its restoration in 2012–2014, the building has been shining in white again. Until the construction of the high spring water pipeline, drinking water for the courtyard was taken from the well and brought to the Hofburg every day .

Pigeon house

The pigeon house

The pigeon house was built around 1750. It is a high, round aviary made of wire mesh, the top is formed by a copper dome-like roof, which is crowned by a knob. Four brick niches were added to the airy rotunda to provide sleeping places for the birds.

The system of paths that leads around the complex was laid out around 1760 in ring-shaped and radial corridors, which in Schönbrunn jargon are called "Ringelspiel". The house was covered by the growing trees over time and was "out of sight". The conditions associated with recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site forced the operators to trim trees and shrubs near the house to such an extent that it comes into play again in the sense of the earlier garden design.

Palm house

Palm house in the castle park

Another main attraction in the palace park is the palm house . It was commissioned by Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1880 from his court architect, Franz Xaver Segenschmid, in order to present the extensive Habsburg plant collections, which had until then been spread over several glass houses, in a dignified setting, and opened after only two years of construction. In 1883 the first planting was completed. With a total length of 111 m, a width of 28 m and a height of 25 m, the Palmenhaus Schönbrunn is the largest glass house on the European mainland and one of the three largest in the world. It is home to around 4,500 types of plants, only some of which are firmly planted, but a larger part is presented as flowering potted plants, depending on the season.

Sundial house

The sundial house

Another attraction is the desert house, which was presented in the sundial house built in 1904 in 2004 .

The building was also commissioned by Emperor Franz Joseph I and based on designs by Alfons Custodis to accommodate the "New Holland Collection", which has now grown to include the plants from Australia that gave the collection its name South Africa as well as South and North America had grown. It was also used as a wintering house.

After the general renovation , the desert house was opened in this property in 2004 , a joint project of federal gardens and zoo administration , counterpart to the rainforest house created in 2002 in the neighboring zoo: In addition to the succulents, birds, reptiles and small animals from desert areas are presented.

Princes Play Pavilion

Landtmann's snack station

The Schönbrunn Palace Park was also used for the military training of princes in the 19th century. In the Meidlinger recess between Lichter Allee and Finsterer Allee, a play, gymnastics and parade ground was created for the imperial children. A miniature fortress served as a training or play bastion and an aid to impart military knowledge.

A garden pavilion was also built on the site in 1835, surrounded by a small animal zoo and an Indian hut made of straw.

The pavilion with an area of ​​around 120 square meters served as a shelter in the rain and protection from strong sun. Unlike the Spielbastion, it still exists. It was first opened as a coffee house in 1927 and has been run by the Querfeld family as Landtmanns Jausen Station since 2013 .

More gardens

maze
Crown Prince Garden

Also worth mentioning are the maze with a new playground and interesting sound stations, the Crown Prince Garden (both subject to a charge) and the Japanese Garden (which has existed since 1917 as a pure show garden inaccessible) . In contrast, the botanical garden located on the western edge is a popular park and recreational area.

maze

The maze was created in the 18th century and was increasingly forgotten and decayed. It was restored to its original pattern in the 1990s.

Crown Prince Garden

The garden on the east facade of the palace has been known as the Crown Prince Garden since 1875 , as it was right next to the former apartment of Crown Prince Rudolf. Until 1918 this was the private garden of the imperial family.

That of wild wine covered portico was used to take a stroll ever since. The treillage of the horseshoe-shaped arcade was replaced by an iron structure as early as 1770. The original five treillage pavilions inserted in the corridor are artfully carved wooden structures painted white and green and crowned by a painted dome.

The fifth and middle pavilion in the middle of the arcade was removed in 1962 due to construction work and replaced by a modern lookout pavilion in 2002 by Embacher Wien . The new pavilion was built from brushed Nirosta steel with a hole pattern, based on the original construction. This garden salad was awarded the bronze Joseph Binder Award , the price for spatial design, in 2003 as part of the Adolf Loos State Prize for Design, which is awarded every two years .

Japanese garden

Kare-san-sui Japanese garden

The Japanese Garden was apparently laid out on the instructions of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este in 1913, who had traveled extensively in Japan. The garden was forgotten after the First World War and was overgrown by ivy. The remains were rediscovered in 1996 by chance by Kie Yamada, a Japanese woman living in Vienna, who reported it to her father Eishin Harada, a specialist in Japanese gardens. With the support of the Japanese Cultural Institute and partly private donations, the garden was restored by Japanese experts and reopened in May 1999. The garden consists of three parts, two of which were expanded during the restoration by Japanese experts: the rock garden and the tea garden (cha-niwa) and kare-san-sui . The original rock garden covers an area of ​​750 m² and has a two meter high rise, symbolizing a mountain, and a three-tiered waterfall that connects the upper and lower pond. The Kare-san-sui tea garden and arid garden are extensions under the direction of Eishin Harada. The Kare-san-sui consists only of gravel, stones and boulders. With the exception of moss, no plants are used. Water is indicated by undulating structures in gravel or sand areas. The garden can be seen from the outside for general visitors and cannot be entered due to its fragility.

Philipp-Franz-Siebold-Monument near the Japanese Garden

In the immediate vicinity there is a memorial stone for Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866). He was a Bavarian researcher on Japan and lived in Japan from 1823 to 1829 and from 1859 to 1862. Siebold is one of the most important witnesses of the isolated Japan of the late Edo period and is also highly revered in today's Japan. He is considered the founder of international research on Japan. The upright memorial stone is chiseled with a representation of a Japanese bamboo grove , underneath on the base is a bronze profile representation of Siebold entwined with laurels, with his surname carved underneath.

Schönbrunn Palace in culture

Schönbrunn Children's Museum

The Schönbrunn Children's Museum was opened in 2002 in the west wing of the palace. In contrast to a conventional museum tour, it offers opportunities for playful experience and experimentation as part of a special museum education for children. The focus of the children's museum visit is on having fun learning and experimenting. Under the title Imperial Children you can discover the everyday life of the imperial family during the Baroque period: How did you dress? How was the imperial table set? What was meant by hygiene ?

As a setting in films

The Schönbrunn Palace and its gardens served as the setting for several film productions, including:

In the Viennese operetta Hofball in Schönbrunn (1937) the palace and the garden are also the scene of the events.

Concerts

From 2004 to 2007 the Park held the Concert for Europe, in which the Vienna Philharmonic played under the direction of prominent musicians. Bobby McFerrin conducted in 2004 , the concert was a musical welcome from Austria to the new EU countries that joined this year. In 2005, Zubin Mehta was on the podium, and in 2006 the Philharmonic under Plácido Domingo celebrated the Austrian Presidency of the Council of the EU with music. In May 2007, the Russian conductor Valéry Gergiev from the Mariinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg conducted the Vienna Philharmonic against the backdrop of the Baroque palace. In addition to the 140,000 visitors in Schönbrunn Park, many millions of viewers had the opportunity to watch the concert in front of the screens.

Since 2008, the Vienna Philharmonic has been playing their summer night concert in the palace gardens at the beginning of June, with free admission .

The Schönbrunn Palace Orchestra Vienna located here was founded in 1997.

panorama

View of Schönbrunn Palace with Vienna in the background

See also

literature

lock

Comprehensive

sorted alphabetically by author

  • Kurt Eigl, Franz Hubmann, Christian Brandstätter: Schönbrunn. A castle and its world . Molden, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-217-00954-1 .
  • Guide through Schönbrunn . Austrian State Printing Office, Vienna 1969.
  • Josef Glaser: Guide through Schönbrunn . Austrian State Printing Office, Vienna 1968.
  • Josef Glaser, Heinz Glaser: Guide through Schönbrunn . Publishing house of the Austrian State Printing House, Vienna 1964.
  • Josef Glaser: Schönbrunn Palace . Publishing house of the Austrian State Printing House, Vienna 1962.
  • Geza Hajos: Schönbrunn . ISBN 3-552-02809-9 .
  • Elfriede Iby, Alexander Koller: Schönbrunn . Brandstätter, Vienna 2007, ISBN 3-85033-059-1 .
  • Marieluise von Ingenheim: Sissy. A waltz in Schönbrunn . Tosa Verlagsgesellschaft, 2000, ISBN 3-85001-368-5 .
  • Alois Jahn: In the park of Schönbrunn. Description of castle and garden. Construction history data. ISBN 3-9502095-1-4 .
  • Karl Kobald: Schönbrunn Palace . Leader.
  • Georg Kugler: Schönbrunn Palace. The state rooms . Brandstätter, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-85447-603-5 .
  • Betty Kurth: The pleasure palace Schönbrunn (= Austrian art books , volume 7). Ed. Hölzel, Vienna 1920. DNB 58049070X ( digitized version ).
  • Friedrich Pernkopf, Erna Baumann-Kay: Schönbrunn. Publishing house for youth and people, Vienna 1967.
  • Mario Molin Pradel: Austria. The Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna . Pawlak, Herrsch, 1989, ISBN 3-88199-549-8 .
  • Oskar Raschauer: Schönbrunn. The palace construction of Emperor Joseph I Schroll, Vienna 1960.
  • Schönbrunn: Guide through Schönbrunn .
  • Georg Schreiber : Schönbrunn Palace . Ueberreuter, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-8000-3795-5 .
  • Schönbrunn Palace Vienna . Westermann Sachbuch, Vienna 1985, ISBN 3-14-790583-7 .
  • Helfried Seemann, Christian Lunzer: Schönbrunn 1860–1920 . Album Verlag für Photographie, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85164-158-2 .
  • Ernst Hausner: The Imperial Schönbrunn Palace. Edition Hausner, Vienna 1998, ISBN 978-3-901141-14-0 .
  • Hans Werner Sokop: Schönbrunn walk . Novum, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-902514-29-9 .
  • Otto Stradal: Wonderful Schönbrunn . Austrian Federal Publishing House for Education, Science and Art, Vienna 1968.

Historical works (before 1918)

sorted alphabetically by author

  • Hofkammerarchiv: Camerale payment office books 1729, Schönbrunn Palace , JGHaresleben; 1753 Secret Chamber Pay Office Books under the guidance of Hofkammerrat and Paymaster Karl Joseph Edler von Dier , editions 1750–1752, Johann Baptist Regondi.
  • Karl Weiss (ed.), Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects (ed.): The kk pleasure palace Schönbrunn. In: Old and New Vienna in its buildings. 2nd edition, Verlag Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1865, pp. 85–89.
  • Franz Weller: The imperial castles and palaces in pictures and words: depicted on the basis of source works. Hofburg in Vienna via Augarten, Belvedere, Prater ... Gödöllő, Ischl ... all the way to Miramar, all the imperial castles are explained. kk Hof-Buchdruckerei, Vienna 1880 (new edition ISBN 0-00-322171-7 ).

Single topics

arranged alphabetically by subject

  • Elisabeth Hassmann: From Katterburg to Schönbrunn. The history of Schönbrunn to Kaiser Leopold I. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-205-77215-6 .
  • Andreas Rohatsch : Geological investigations in Schönbrunn Palace . In: Elfriede Iby: On the early history of building = Scientific series Schönbrunn 2. 1996.
  • Helmuth Furch : Schönbrunn Palace - the imperial stone as the most frequently used step stone. An inspection with Elfriede Iby and Andreas Rohatsch = messages from the Kaisersteinbruch Museum and Culture Association . TU-Vienna engineering geology. No. 49, pp. 11-20, February 1998, and Kaiserstein in Wiener Bauten, 300 examples , no. 59, Schönbrunn pp. 62f, December 2000. ISBN 978-3-9504555-3-3 .
  • Inge Friedl , Michael Gletterhofer: Schönbrunn for children . The castle and its famous residents. Children's non-fiction book, G & G, Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-7074-1278-9 .
  • Herbert Knöbl: The new building and its structural connection with Schönbrunn Palace. Boehlau Verlag, Vienna (1988). ISBN 3-205-05106-8

Gardens

General

sorted alphabetically by author

  • Eva Berger: Historic Gardens of Austria. Gardens and parks from the Renaissance to around 1930. Volume 3. Vienna: Böhlau 2004, ISBN 3-205-99353-5 , pp. 263-271.
  • Erwin Frohmann, Rupert Doblhammer: Schönbrunn. An in-depth encounter with the palace gardens . Ennsthaler, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-85068-625-6 .
  • Beatrix Hájos: The Schönbrunn palace gardens. A topographical cultural history. Boehlau Verlag, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-205-98423-4 .
  • Richard Kurdiovsky: The gardens of Schönbrunn . Residenz / Niederösterreichisches Pressehaus, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7017-1411-8 .

Single topics

arranged alphabetically by subject

  • Brigitte Mang: Baroque garden and ecology . In: Die Gartenkunst  9 (2/1997), pp. 296–300.
  • Andreas Rohatsch: The fabric of the Roman ruins of Schönbrunn. Institute for Geology, Vienna University of Technology 2000.
  • Beatrix Hajós: Schönbrunn statues 1773–1780. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2004. ISBN 3-205-77228-8 .
  • Uta Schedler: The statue cycles in the palace gardens of Schönbrunn and Nymphenburg: reception of antiquities based on engravings. Olms, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 1985, ISBN 3-487-07694-2 (= studies on art history. 27).
  • Géza Hajos: Garden monument maintenance principles and experiences at the UNESCO World Monument Schönbrunn . In: Die Gartenkunst 16 (1/2004), pp. 103–113.

Movies

Web links

Commons : Schönbrunn Palace  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. The story of the castle park. In: schoenbrunn.at. Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
  2. https://www.restaurierung-wien.com/app/download/5997786756/Pressetext_Fertigstellung_Restaurierung_Grosse_Galerie_Schönbrunn.pdf
  3. ^ Coronavirus: all seven federal gardens closed !, Austrian federal gardens. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  4. Blocked Federal Gardens in Vienna - Schönbrunn in Sleeping Beauty (April 10, 2020)
  5. A tour of the castle. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  6. a b c Restoration of the Great Gallery in Schönbrunn Palace. (PDF; 131 kB) (No longer available online.) Schönbrunn Palace Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, March 24, 2010, archived from the original on December 6, 2011 ; Retrieved December 15, 2010 .
  7. a b c Guided tour through the mountain rooms. (No longer available online.) Schönbrunn Palace Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, 2012, archived from the original on January 17, 2013 ; Retrieved December 15, 2012 .
  8. a b c The mountain rooms. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  9. White gold room 1 (the Empress' gymnasium). (No longer available online.) Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, 2012, archived from the original on November 1, 2012 ; Retrieved December 15, 2012 .
  10. White gold room 2. (No longer available online.) Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, 2012, archived from the original on November 1, 2012 ; Retrieved December 15, 2012 .
  11. White gold rooms 3 and 4. (No longer available online.) Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, 2012, archived from the original on November 1, 2012 ; Retrieved December 15, 2012 .
  12. The Blue Staircase. In: schoenbrunn.at. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  13. a b c The billiard room. In: schoenbrunn.at. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  14. a b c children's room. In: schoenbrunn.at. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  15. a b Breakfast Cabinet. In: schoenbrunn.at. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  16. a b Hall of Mirrors. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2018 .
  17. a b c large gallery. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  18. a b c d e ceremonial hall. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  19. a b Vieux-Laque Room. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  20. a b The Vieux-Laque room. WEB ES video documentation, 2010, archived from the original on September 27, 2012 ; Retrieved December 20, 2010 .
  21. a b Napoleon's room. In: schoenbrunn.at. Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
  22. Porcelain room . Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  23. a b c d Millionenzimmer. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.mbH, accessed on May 12, 2019 .
  24. a b Tapestry Salon. In: schoenbrunn.at. Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
  25. ^ Archduchess Sophie's writing room. In: schoenbrunn.at. Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
  26. Red Salon. In: schoenbrunn.at. Retrieved May 12, 2019 .
  27. First hotel suite in Schönbrunn Palace: Spend the night like an emperor. March 13, 2014, accessed June 25, 2014 .
  28. The future Schönbrunn Suite at a glance. Retrieved June 25, 2014 .
  29. Garden world. Volume 39, 1935, p. 159 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  30. B. Hajós and draft 1770
  31. See, for example, here, 1748 , and later. In contrast to the construction of the Gloriette, as demonstrated by the engineering geology of the Vienna University of Technology, all architectural parts of the building were newly made. The stones of the architectural structure come from St. Margarethen , Stotzing and Zogelsdorf . In the ashlar masonry of the tongue walls we find hard stones from Kaisersteinbruch , Wöllersdorf and Hundsheim .
  32. See picture (around 1780)
  33. B. Hajós points out that it was created for one of the four unrealized fountains on the large parterre. Same here, before 1918; Whether the [unreasonable!] Reinterpretation of these figures as Danube and Enns was initiated with the end of the monarchy or only recently is open.
  34. See decoding of the hieroglyphs. The obelisk is made of St. Margarethen sandstone, the wall covering of the walkway is made of hard imperial stone . The restoration work on this facility was completed in 2006.
  35. Meidlinger specialization. Archäologischer Dienst GesmbH, 2014, accessed on November 5, 2014 .
  36. Martin Mutschlechner: Private - Entry prohibited! ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ).
  37. History of Landtmann's Jausenstation. 2014, accessed November 5, 2014 .
  38. The Kronprinzengarten_Garten am Keller. Federal Gardens, 2010, accessed on December 21, 2010 .
  39. a b Garden pavilion in the Crown Prince Garden. WEB ES video documentation, 2010, archived from the original on June 8, 2009 ; accessed on December 21, 2010 (A video loop was produced for the presentation of the garden pavilion at the award ceremony.).
  40. http://www.michael-schneider.info/wa_files/jhum201504.pdf
  41. https://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Japanischer_Garten_in_Schönbrunn
  42. The Schönbrunn Concert Press release on the concert on May 24, 2007