Art forge Berlin

VEB Kunstschmiede Berlin
legal form	VEB
founding	July 1, 1925 as A. Kühn & Co. , nationalized in 1972, change of name in 1990, change of ownership and name in late 2001 to Fittkau Metallbau und Kunstschmiede
Seat	Berlin-Weißensee , Lehder Strasse 74–79 since 2003 Darßer Bogen
Number of employees	see employee development
Branch	Art casting , restoration , forge , locksmith's shop

The Kunstschmiede Berlin (also Kunstschmiede Weißensee ) was a metalworking company that was founded in 1925 and carried this name between 1972 and 1991. Between 1925 and 1949 it was an open trading company , from 1949 to 1972 a private company, until the end of the GDR it was a state-owned company (VEB), then initially a GmbH and is finally a private medium-sized company again. As far as known and of public interest, the works created during the various periods of ownership are given.

From the foundation in 1925 to 1945

The locksmith Artur Kühn (1883–1944) founded on July 1, 1925 together with his sister-in-law Fanny Kühn, nee. Bernhardt, the company A. Kühn & Co, building locksmiths and products of the iron industry . The new company did not appear in the Berlin address book until 1927 with the entry A. Kühn &. Co, locksmith's shop at Heinersdorfer Straße 9 in the then administrative district of Weißensee (since 2001 district of Berlin-Weißensee ).

Gewerbehof Lehderstraße 74–79 in August 2013.
The workshop is now part of the Steimetzhof .

Business was going well, so that soon an enlargement was essential and so in 1930 the locksmith leased production and office space on the Ruthenbergschen industrial courtyards in Lehderstrasse 74-79, again in Weissensee. The expansion of the company's personnel went hand in hand. In 1935, Artur Kühn took his master craftsman's examination and lived with his family at Talstrasse 17 in Berlin-Pankow. In connection with the construction activities in the rapidly growing German capital locksmith, which now to received ironwork had specialized and often collaborated with architects and artists, many orders as jewelry railings of all types, stairs , balconies , decorative and window grilles , door handles, Water taps, company signs and guild signs , street signs , garden fences and also handicrafts . The company gradually grew into a prosperous company that was able to carry out major outfitting work in Berlin. These included the Karstadt department store on Hermannplatz , the KaDeWe in Charlottenburg and the Berliner Müllabfuhr-Aktiengesellschaft (BEMAG) ( Berlin city cleaning company since 1951 ). In order to carry out all locksmith and blacksmith work in buildings, the company had registered separately with Bewag and Gasag .

On the occasion of the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936, for example, Artur Kühn made metal ticket booths for the entrance area of ​​the Olympic Stadium .

The son of the company founder, Fritz Kühn , had trained as a blacksmith . However, he did not join his father's art forge, but founded his own studio in Berlin-Bohnsdorf in 1937 (at the time incorporated as Berlin-Alt-Glienicke).

After World War II until 1971

In May 1945, after the end of the Second World War , the Soviet occupying forces confiscated the forge workshops and used them as a horse stable and carriage shed until the end of June. In the other handicraft businesses of the industrial estate, a military unit continued to have its headquarters until the end of December 1945, because the Karl Ruhnke company facilities were cleared out and transported away as reparations. After the company's founder died in 1944, his wife Flora Kühn, née. Schulze; Fanny Kühn initially remained personally liable partner .

Journeyman from the Artur Kühn company and a few unskilled workers began processing metal again in autumn 1945. Now it was almost exclusively a matter of repairs or the production of urgently used items for the repair of houses and apartments as well as for daily use, for which old material was collected and reused. With the rebuilding of cultural sites that had been destroyed during the war, which began around 1948/1949, metal art was in demand again and there were corresponding orders.

The official re-registration of the company owners in the district court (responsible for East Berlin was now the district court Mitte ) took place because of the war events and their aftermath in the Berlin offices on October 27, 1949. Flora Kühn transferred the management internally to her daughter Luise and her husband Kurt Hinsche, but continued to take care of orders and the commercial. The Hinsche couple left Berlin in 1950, however, so that son Fritz Kühn continued to run the Weissenseer business pro forma, but his workshop in Berlin-Bohnsdorf was his actual workplace.

At the end of 1951, Fanny Kühn left the OHG, so that it was considered dissolved and Flora Kühn became the sole owner on January 22, 1952, she was the recognized and strict boss in Lehderstrasse. The number of employees in the metalworking shop and forge was below the limit of 25 people set for expropriation in the GDR , which is why the craft business was allowed to continue and it was able to develop well because of the rebuilding of the war-torn city. Achim Kühn and his mother had to accept state participation in 1957 . At this point, Achim Kühn became acting director, but continued to run the studio in Bohnsdorf that his father had taken over. This workshop remained his private property. After Fritz Kühn died in 1967, the power of attorney for the Weißenseer locksmith's shop passed to his son Achim Kühn , also a blacksmith, and his wife Helgard Kühn, master goldsmith .

→ Work carried out from the period 1925 to 1971 see overview of works 1925–1971 (selection)

Nationalization and continuation as VEB Kunstschmiede Berlin

Railing in the Fennpfuhlpark

On May 23, 1972, the company was forcibly nationalized and was henceforth called VEB Kunstschmiede Berlin (also VEB Kunstschmiede Weißensee ). The company formed in this way gradually included other workshops, in May 1972 the art foundry H. and Ph. Behr , which had been casting metals in Weißensee since 1877 and had emerged from a turnery for hat shapes (1839). The art foundry had been producing in a new factory building at Friesickestrasse 17 since 1886 and operated as H & Ph Behr from 1909 . Behr had specialized in cast iron work, including street hand pumps , ornate bollards and wheel deflectors for doorways as well as large numbers of decorative park benches. The former iron foundry Karl Eitner was added to Behr in 1965 in Berlin-Grünau, Regattastraße  10.

On January 1, 1980, the blacksmith's shop, the art foundry and 4 other workshops were merged to form the VEB Kunstschmiede Weißensee . From then on, the company with its six parts was managed by a director. From an administrative point of view, the state-owned company belonged to the VEB Kombinat Camping- und Kunstgewerbeprodukte Berlin between October 1, 1981 and 1990 , but was largely able to decide independently about its work.

Horst Fuchs (1978) and, from 1983, the engineer and graduate economist Karl Schwenn were appointed directors of the blacksmith's shop. There was also a production manager.

The craftsmanship of VEB Kunstschmiede was indispensable for the construction and expansion of the many new building areas in East Berlin and the company received orders on an ongoing basis. A number of objects such as railings, decorative parts for fountains and sculptures date from this time . The preparations for the 750th anniversary of Berlin also resulted in full order books for the company from Weißensee, the focus of work was on the design of the Nikolaiviertel and parts of the existing Wilhelminian style buildings in the Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg district around Kollwitzplatz. 50 historical street signs, new guild signs, ornamental railings, balcony parapets, lights and much more were produced. For the company itself took place over the years a number of improvements in working conditions, for example by the renewing of large technology investments through purchase of a truck of the type W 50 (1987), by extending the canteen and sanitary facilities. The state has recognized the achievements of employees of the VEB Kunstschmiede Weißensee with various awards such as the Banner of Work Level III (1986) and the GDR Medal of Merit (1988). The Office for Inventions and Patents of the GDR awarded on 25 January 1989, the official denomination of origin "Berlin iron glacé", which is particularly played a role in exports.

Reprivatisation

The economic upheavals that followed with German reunification led to the dissolution of all state-owned companies. The flourishing ironwork could from the heirs of the founder, Achim Kühn , reprivatised be. He had it entered in the Berlin commercial register (number HRB 36347) as Arthur Kühn Kunstschmiede Metallbau GmbH . He appointed Jochen Messerschmidt as managing director. Not all of the former employees went along with this change, but rather joined forces under the management of Dieter Schröder to form the DS Kunstschmiede company, which was based in Regattastraße in Berlin-Grünau .

Administration and factory building of fittkau metallbau + kunstschmiede on Darßer Bogen at the corner of Piesporter Straße

Stefan Fittkau had completed his training as a blacksmith in the company and remained loyal to him. Immediately after the fall of the Wall , the continued existence of the traditional company was in jeopardy: many works still commissioned by the East Berlin magistrate, such as two portals for the Nikolaikirche, were ready and awaiting payment and delivery.

In order to gain a better foothold in the whole of Berlin, Kühn, Messerschmidt and Fittkau looked for cooperation with long-established companies from the western part of Berlin . They found unselfish support in the company Eduard Puls Nachf. From Berlin-Tempelhof . After an important contract for the fencing of the Spreeforum was successfully carried out in cooperation with the architect Kleihues , the entry into the market economy was completely successful. Apprentices could continue to be trained. In addition, the GmbH was involved in the temporary gardens , a company from Berlin-Kreuzberg that contributes to a better perception of the city by setting up small works of art in lesser-known places and wants to promote communication.

In 2002 Stefan Fittkau bought the company and as Fittkau Metallbau und Kunstschmiede GmbH it became the legal successor of all predecessor companies.

Development of the number of employees and customers

• Around 1930: 52, including a foreman, a technician, journeymen, apprentices and two commercial employees (A. Kühn)
• 1960s: Master and up to 50 journeymen (A. Kühn and Fritz Kühn's atelier for steel and metal design together)
• 1972: 20 “industrial workers”, training two to four apprentices a year
• 1975: 180 customers
• 1980: Between 1972 and 1980 a total of 40 people were trained as journeymen .
• 1987: 140 employees
• 1988: 120 employees
• 1989: 322 customers
• 1990: 13 “commercial workers” and 25 journeymen
• 1991: 20 employees
• 1992: among others "four experienced irreplaceable specialists"
• 1997 (end): 35 employees
• 1998: 45 employees including apprentices; all of which moved into the new company building on Darßer Ring.

Source: Materials in the Pankow Museum

Works

Factory overview 1925–1971 (selection)

Locksmith A. Kühn & Co.

year	Work, name	Where	place	image	Artist / architect	Note sources
around 1926	Equipment for the Zehlendorf depot	Berliner Müllabfuhr-Aktiengesellschaft (BEMAG) ( Berlin city cleaning company since 1951 )	Berlin-Zehlendorf
1927	Metalwork	Liebermann House on Pariser Platz	Berlin center			The historic building was rebuilt after 1990, nothing of the furnishings has been preserved.
1927-1929	Banisters	Karstadt department store	Berlin-Kreuzberg		Philipp Schaefer	Destroyed in World War II, the rebuilding of the house was simplified.
1929/1930	Banisters, other pieces of equipment as part of renovation and expansion work	KaDeWe	Berlin-Schöneberg		Architects Johann Emil Schaudt , H. Ströming	Image of the artistically executed banister made of brass; seen in parts in the photo above and on the right.
1934/1935	Ticket booth	Olympic Stadium	Berlin-Westend		Werner March	In preparation for the 1936 Olympic Games ; Model of the house shown
around 1936	fire resistant door	various large buildings in Berlin	Berlin			This door received a "design protection certificate" in 1936 and developed into one of the company's best-selling products.
1950	Repairs	Niederschönhausen Castle	Berlin-Niederschönhausen			Restoration work
1951-1956	Repairs	Armory	Berlin center		Andreas Schlueter	Restoration work
1954/1955	various metalwork: banisters (upper picture) view through a parapet element into the Apollo hall (lower picture)	State Opera Berlin	Berlin center		Richard Paulick	Both pictures show metalwork in the State Opera. The first renovation of the metal fittings took place in 1954/1955; a second 1985/1986.
before 1964	Fence decorations on the main building	Humboldt University	Berlin center			Reconstruction of the ornamental fences around 1983
1965	Door system and external banister made of steel	Teachers House	Magdeburg			After changes of use and a few years of vacancy, the tower in Magdeburg has been increased in 2011 and converted into the Katharinenturm residential and office building . The staircase is partially covered with glass in the ground floor area.
1965	Spiral staircase with ornamental railings	House of the child on Strausberger Platz	Berlin center		Hermann Henselmann	Animal fairy tale figures about 5 cm high for the stair handrail (cast aluminum using the lost wax process; including a sea horse) As early as the 1970s, the HO, as the operator of the department store, had all the figures removed on the grounds that “the young visitors are not interested in animal motifs” . After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the children's department store was closed, but the BoConcept company continues to operate it as a furnishing company on two floors.
around 1965	various metalwork: new products and tw. Reconstructions	German Theater Berlin	Berlin center			The picture shows part of a railing in the Deutsches Theater in 1946, similar to the reconstructed elements.
1966-1968	5 four-leaf doors	Stadthalle (formerly the congress center )	Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz)			Bars forged on stainless steel

Factory overview 1972–1990 (selection)

Art forge Berlin

year	Work, name	Where	place	image	Artist / architect	Note sources
around 1973	Restoration of the fence and gate. Renewal of the cross straps and vertical pipes	Soviet memorial in Treptower Park	Berlin-Alt-Treptow		Collective headed by the architect Jakow B. Belopolski , the sculptor Yevgeny Wutschetich , the painter Alexander A. Gorpenko and the engineer Sarra S. Walerius	The fence tips, the wide upper cross belt and the central decorative belts are made of bronze and have been preserved in the original.
1975/1976	Bronzed entrance doors	Palace of the Republic	Berlin center		Collective around Heinz Graffunder
1977	Forged lettering on the Neue Gertraudenbrücke, restoration of the ornamentation in the balustrade of the railing of the Alte Gertraudenbrücke	Gertraudenbrücke	Berlin center			upper picture: lettering Gertraudenbrücke lower picture: railing ornamentation
1978	New production	Brecht House on Chausseestrasse	Berlin center			Spiral stairs and doors, new manufacture
1978-1981	Restoration and new production	Berlin Cathedral	Berlin center		Julius Raschdorff	Of the total of 20 angel figures around the dome, four had to be remade, the rest were restored, and in some cases even freed from war damage.
1979	Casting and ironwork	Plastic for a fountain	Potsdam, city center			Inaugurated on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the GDR; 2.40 m high with a glockenspiel made of Meissen porcelain at the top
1981	enclosure	Karl Friedrich Schinkel's grave complex in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities	Berlin center			Total renovation of the cast iron grave railing
1981	New production	Bird fountain	Berlin-Fennpfuhl		Baldur Schönfelder	Manufacture of the decorative elements of the fountain from copper and stainless steel
around 1981	bridge railing	Pankebrücke over the Ossietzkystraße	Berlin-Pankow
1982	Double ball lights, ornamental railings as well as the fence and gate of the historic villa in the park	Fennpfuhl Fennpfuhl Bridge	Berlin-Fennpfuhl		Adam Kurtz	upper picture: year 1986, lower picture: detail 2009
around 1982	Armillary sphere	Lobby of a government building	Kuwait			Brass The photo shows the finished work in the Berlin workshop before delivery.
around 1983	Gate system	Central cemetery	Dessau			Steel-aluminum construction
1983/1984	Art cast ornaments	Bas-relief medallions on the portals of the Friedrichswerder Church	Berlin center		Reliefs come from Christian Friedrich Tieck and make genii is	partial renewal
1980-1989	Replica	Park benches, subway entrance railings	Berlin		Alfred Grenander	several benches; Railing reconstruction of subway entrances (example Hausvogteiplatz)
1984	New production	further candelabra of the Marx-Engels-Brücke type (modified gas lights)	Berlin center		Artist Hinrik Beyte	Manufacturing
1985 1987	Railing on the Spree	at the level of the Marx-Engels-Forum Ufergeländer Poststrasse in the Nikolaiviertel	Berlin center			Production of new bank railings according to historical templates ("cannon pillars")
1986	New production	Street signs	Berlin-Mitte, Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg			The total of 50 newly produced signs for some streets in the city center and around Kollwitzplatz were created based on photos from the Royal Prussian Messanstalt. They received ornamented frames, name plates made of white enamel (made by Schilderwerk Beutha ) with applied black letters and a heraldic bear on top of the holder .
1986 1988	Railing on the Spree	Schiffbauerdamm Kupfergraben (Spree)	Berlin center			Bank railing ("rectangular columns")
1986/87	Banister and lettering	Zeiss large planetarium Berlin	Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
1986 1993	Extensive restorations	Weidendammer Bridge	Berlin center		Otto Stahn and F. Fabian from the company M. Fabian (Adler), Schmiedarbeiten Ed. Puls, H. Langer & Methling and Ferd. Paul Krüger (1895/96)	Reconstruction of all metal jewelry including imperial eagle and candelabra ; partly new production according to original templates; Upper picture: Adler, condition 1984 lower picture: Adler after reconstruction, condition 2010 At the end of the restoration in 1986, a current daily newspaper, a 5-Mark , was placed inside a gilded sun of a candelabra - similar to laying the foundation stone or placing it in a church tower ball -Piece of the GDR and the list of names of the restorers - 9 artisans of the Grützmacher Brigade - used.
1987	Replica and restoration of Lauchhammer pumps	Restoration of Pb16 Helmholtzplatz ; Pb27 Husemannstrasse 11 ; Pb28 Schönhauser Allee 134a	Prenzlauer Berg district		Original: Otto Stahn 1894 replica 1987: Modellbau Beyte / VEB Kunststschmiede	In preparation for Berlin's 750th anniversary, Lauchhammer pumps II were repaired and (in the necessary parts) rebuilt. The years "1894" and "1987" have been cast as raised lettering.
1988	Metal weapon reconstruction and new products such as the " Passauer Wolf "	Collections from the Museum of German History	Berlin center			Production of duplicates and restoration of original exhibits
1988	Street furniture	City center, Gardens of the World , bus stops and for other large cities in the GDR	Berlin			A total of 1,800 benches were made and delivered - made of cast iron and wood.
1988/1989	railing	Peasant War Panorama	Bad Frankenhausen			120 running meters of parapet railing
1988/1989	enclosure	Peter Beuth's grave complex in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities	Berlin center			renovation
1989	Reconstruction of all window grilles on the mezzanine floor and the forged grilles on the light trenches	Red townhall	Berlin center			The picture shows a reconstructed decorative grille on the Rathausstrasse facade

Work carried out from 1990 to 2001 (selection)

Arthur Kühn Kunstschmiede Metallbau GmbH

year	Work, name	Where	place	image	Artist / architect	Note sources
1990	Equipment administration building	Bayerische Vereinsbank in Berlin	Berlin center			Banisters
1990	Advertising pillar	Schering AG	Berlin Schoenefeld
after 1990	bridge railing	New Venice	Berlin-Rahnsdorf			four pairs of bridge railings over canals, each with a matching bird motif in the center of the railing arch (wagtail, finch, cuckoo, robin)
after 1990	Sun arbor	Sanssouci Palace	Potsdam			reconstruction
1991	Ornamental fence and gates	Jewish cemetery Berlin-Weißensee	Berlin-Weissensee			Locksmith work during the reconstruction
around 1992	to shine	AEG	Berlin-Wedding		Peter Behrens	Behrens lights reworked on the AEG site on Brunnenstrasse; In total there are more than 8 luminaires of this type at the corners of the historical buildings.
around 1993	Cross over the portal of the Sermon Church (see picture) and gable figure over the cathedral entrance	Berlin Cathedral	Berlin center			Copper driving work
1993	Lights and bridge railings	Greifenhagener Bridge	Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg		Arno Kornig	reconstruction
1993	New production	Advertising entrance gate as well as stainless steel fountain figures, technical columns and altimeters	Chemnitz , Ringstrasse, shopping center		Reimer / Wroblewski	The gate consists of grouped stainless steel tubes over which an arched segment painted in rainbow colors arches.
1994	Stainless steel railing	Department store «Krestovsky» (Универмаг Крестовский)	Moscow , Prospect Mira		Anaconda office
1994	"Temperamentenbrunnen" (metal mix), clock well and time column	Ruhrpark Bochum	Bochum		Reimer / Wroblewski
1995	"Musikbrunnen", "Stuhlbrunnen"	Elbe Park	Dresden		Reimer / Wroblewski
1996	Gate and railing	Spreeforum Berlin	Berlin-Wedding, Alt-Moabit		Josef Paul Kleihues
1997	Fence, window grilles and gate system	Detlev Rohwedder House	Berlin center
1997 2005	Stainless steel handrail; - Cloakrooms, banisters , gate, sun protection system	Bode Museum	Berlin center			Reconstruction, ironwork
1998	Gate system, intercom pillars, room dividers, glass railings	ARD capital studio	Berlin center			New production
1998	Restoration of several railings	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	Berlin center			The picture shows a restored stainless steel railing on the first floor (center) of the AA.
1998	Newly forged railing	Marshal Bridge	Berlin center			with reference to historical documents
1999	Dome light	Delbrück bank	Berlin-Mitte, Französische Strasse 32		Office Hans Kollhoff	View of the skylight
2000	Fence and gate for the site	Federal Council	Berlin-Mitte, Leipziger Strasse			4 meters high, 40 meters long; beveled tips gold-plated
2000	Entrance panel, handrails, glass railings	British Embassy in Berlin	Berlin-Mitte, Wilhelmstrasse		Michael Wilford Architects
2000	All-glass railing on the street side on the ramp	Mexican Embassy in Berlin	Berlin Tiergarten		Teodoro González de León and Francisco J. Serrano , Mexico City
2000	Window system in the interpreter booth	Federal Chancellery	Berlin Tiergarten		Axel Schultes
2000	Fence, gate system, terrace and winter garden railing	Kuwaiti Embassy	Berlin-Grunewald , Griegstrasse		Sibylle Zittlau-Kroos and Peter Kroos
2000	Fence, gate system and terrace railing	Apostolic Nunciature	Berlin-Neukölln		Dieter G. Baumewerd
2001	Revolving door with stainless steel facade	Sony Center	Berlin center		CPM / Murphy / Jahn
2001	Stainless steel mesh element as a room divider	Sheraton Hotel	Frankfurt am Main		United Designer, London

Artists emerging from the company or independent entrepreneurs

• Harri Parschau , 1947–1950 employee at the Weißensee art forge [probably A. Kühn]
• Gösta Gablick, from 1980 employee at VEB Kunstschmiede Weißensee with a degree as a blacksmith; until 1990 head of the training workshop there. Since 1990 freelance blacksmith in Berlin-Rosenthal
• Lutz Kommallein, trained as a blacksmith from 1970–1972, specialized in designer furniture made of slate after the fall of the Wall
• Carsten Wannemüller, 1988 employee at VEB Kunstschmiede Weißensee; founded his own company Steelwork in 1993 , which specialized in metal facades (including the front of the Sony Center , parts for the cargo lifter hall , facade for the Canadian embassy in Berlin )
• Axel Anklam (master blacksmith) & Jan Bünnig; opened in 1997 in the Spandau Citadel (Bastion Brandenburg ) a fortress Forge

Web links

Commons : Works by fittkau metallbau + kunstschmiede and their predecessor companies  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

1. ↑ In the address books and official documents, the company's founder is called Artur and is written without an "h".
2. ↑ Berliner Handels-Register, new entries in the Finanz und Handelsblatt section of the Vossische Zeitung , July 31, 1925, morning edition, p. 14.
   Comment: “Together with the entries in the commercial register at the Berlin district court , company formations had to be publicly announced in suitable media , one of these newspapers was the Vossische Zeitung . It usually took several days or weeks from the notification, the creation of the text set to the publication. The company was founded in Heinersdorfer Strasse on July 31, 1925. "
3. ↑ ^{a b} According to the official registration in the local court (No. HRA 69166) "the company began as an open trading company (OHG) on July 1, 1925". This is the specific date the company was founded (letter from the Charlottenburg district court to user: 44Pinguine from January 2015).
4. ↑ A. Kühn &. Co., Locksmith . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1927, Part I, p. 1843.
5. ↑ Brief information about the Steinmetzhof ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 7, 2013. 
6. ↑ Lehder Strasse 74-79 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1931, part 4, p. 2161. “A. Kühn & Co. ”.
7. ↑ Kühn, Artur . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1935, Part I, p. 1414. "Master locksmith".
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} About Atelier & Werkstatt: A Berlin artist family. ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on metalart.de 
9. ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin, C Rep. 105, No. 36462.
10. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} archive documents from the Museum Pankow; Copies and tw. Originals
11. ↑ Behr, H. & Ph. In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1915, part 1, p. 153. “Hat mold factory and iron foundry”.
12. ↑ Eitner, Karl: iron foundry . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1943, I, p. 571.
13. ↑ Spreeforum website , accessed on June 10, 2012.
14. ↑ Vincent Tannert ( Memento of August 13, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) From the biography of the scientist Vincent Tannert, who learned metalworkers at Arthur Kühn GmbH from 1995–1998.
15. ↑ List of partners of the temporary gardens .
16. ↑ Registration in the Berlin commercial register under the previously assigned number 36347 for the reprivatised Arthur Kühn & Co .; Retrieved July 23, 2014.
17. ↑ ^{a b c} reference list from Fittkau , accessed on February 19, 2013
18. ↑ Further sources: Company photos available and viewed in the Fittkau company; March 4, 2013 by " User: 44Penguins "
19. ^ Haus Liebermann & Haus Sommer Pariser Platz Berlin . ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Stadtwandel-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-86711-058-7 . 
20. ↑ E. Schmidt: The blacksmiths involved in the restoration of the State Opera Unter den Linden . ; In: baufachinformation.de; Retrieved March 8, 2013.
21. ↑ changes . new-deutschland.de, archive short text.
22. ↑ The House of Teachers will be the Katharinenturm . Retrieved December 18, 2014.
23. ^ Farewell to the Palace of the Republic . Zeit online , June 2011. Photo 14: View of the entrance doors from the foyer; State 1996.
24. ↑ Where hammers boom on the anvil. In: Berliner Zeitung of December 2, 1978.
25. ↑ Sign on the railing of the Fennpfuhl Bridge
26. ↑ picture coat of arms eagle at the Weidendammer bridge with text to 1972
27. ↑ ^{a b c} All works 1993
28. ↑ The materials deposited during the bridge reconstruction are in the sun of the left candelabra on the underside of the river.
29. ↑ The replica for the Pankow district was carried out by the company “ Beyte Modellbau ” and “VEB Kunstschmiede Berlin”. This is noted on the plate opposite the outlet pipe.
30. ↑ Illustration of the ornamental grille at the Rotes Rathaus on deutschefotothek.de
31. ↑ View of the well from the Chemnitzcenter ( memento of the original from December 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 
32. ↑ ^{a b} All works 1994
33. ↑ All works 1995
34. ↑ All works 1996
35. ↑ image Spreeforum and address, architect notice. Gate and railing can be seen. ( Memento from September 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
36. ↑ ^{a b} All works 1997
37. ↑ ^{a b c} All works 1998
38. ↑ All works 1999
39. ↑ View of the skylight in the bank on design.lichtvision.de; Retrieved July 22, 2013.
40. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} All works 2000
41. ↑ Buildings realized by Baumewerd Architects.
42. ↑ ^{a b} All works 2001
43. ^ Gösta Gablick: By profession a professional - coppersmith. (No longer available online.) May 21, 2012, archived from the original on May 21, 2012 ; accessed on February 11, 2016 (text version of a broadcast from rbb; now in the archive; here only overview (see point 5)). 
44. ↑ Lutz Kommalein website
45. ↑ Nikolaus Doll: Everything is just a facade . In: Berliner Morgenpost , December 30, 2003.
46. ↑ Harald Hürter: District supports two East Berlin forge forges . In: Berliner Zeitung , April 30, 1996.

Coordinates: 52 ° 33 ′ 3.1 ″  N , 13 ° 26 ′ 9.9 ″  E