Cvikov

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Cvikov
Coat of arms of Cvikov
Cvikov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Česká Lípa
Area : 4505.8554 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 47 '  N , 14 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 46 '40 "  N , 14 ° 37' 52"  E
Height: 357  m nm
Residents : 4,484 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 471 54
License plate : L.
traffic
Railway connection: Svor – Jablonné v Podještědí (discontinued)
structure
Status: city
Districts: 8th
administration
Mayor : Ivo Čeřovský (status: 2007)
Address: náměstí Osvobození 63
471 54 Cvikov
Municipality number: 561479
Website : www.cvikov.cz
Location of Cvikov in the Česká Lípa district
map

Cvikov (German Zwickau in Böhmen ) is a town of the Okres Česká Lípa in the Liberec region in the north of the Czech Republic .

geography

The place is located in northern Bohemia on the southern edge of the Lusatian Mountains landscape protection area , about 10 km from the border with Saxony and southwest of Zittau . The neighboring towns are Nový Bor (Haida) in the west and Jablonné v Podještědí (German fork) in the east. The town on Boberský potok (Boberbach) is dominated by the northwestern mountain Klíč ( Kleis , 760 m). To the west lies the Údolí samoty (Luzengrund) on the upper reaches of the Dobranovský potok .

history

St. Elisabeth Church

Like many other localities in the area, Zwickau was built on a trade route, the Alte Leipaer Strasse . This led from Central Bohemia to Zittau . In 1346 there are first written references to the place in which there is talk of a stone bridge and later, in 1352, of a parish church. A parish church is also mentioned in 1384 and 1396. Zwickau was made a town in 1391.

Initially the place belonged to the rule Milštejn (Mühlstein) , but was later added to the rule of the imperial town of Zákupy .

In 1632 the city suffered serious damage during the Thirty Years' War . The town hall and the brewery burned out completely. In 1680 Zwickau was hit by a severe plague epidemic. As a result , severe peasant revolts broke out due to extortionate compulsory obligations by the ruler of Zákupy , Julius Franz von Sachsen-Lauenburg. Approx. 1200 insurgents from 20 villages fought for their position on the Grünberg (Zelený vrch) near the city against the overpowering troops of General Piccolomini . After two days and the mountain was surrounded by enemy troops, the farmers gave up.

In 1745, Empress Maria Theresia confirmed the town, brewing and market rights of Zwickau. In 1775, severe peasant uprisings broke out again as a result of famine and unbearable forced labor. This time, too, the uprising ended without success.

The city's first hospital was built in 1835. In 1850 Zwickau became the seat of the district court; a gendarmerie, a finance station and a tax and land registry office were established. In 1886 Zwickau received a railway connection; the Zwickau – Röhrsdorf (Svor) line was opened. In 1905 the Röhrsdorf – Gabel local railway opened . Around 1900 Zwickau developed into an industrial city. Above all, production facilities for the textile, paint and glass industries settled here.

According to the Munich Agreement , Zwickau belonged from 1938 to 1945 to the district of Deutsch Gabel , district of Aussig , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland of the German Empire .

After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was largely expropriated and expelled . The city, which was traditionally a center of the glass industry, also developed into the center of a recreational region after the war. Zwickau is also home to a nationally known children's sanatorium for respiratory diseases.

Demographics

Until 1945 Zwickau was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 3,558 in 516 houses
1900 6,020 German residents
1930 4,946 including 331 Czechs
1939 4,299
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 4.224 4,518 4,327 4,449 4,435

City structure

Church of St. Peter and Paul in Lindava (Lindenau)

The town of Cvikov consists of the following districts:

  • Cvikov I
  • Cvikov II with Martinovo Údolí (Martinstal)
  • Drnovec (small green)
  • Lindava (Lindenau)
  • Naděje (hope) with hamr (hammer)
  • Svitava (Zwitte)
  • Trávník (glazed)
  • Záhořín (Sohr)

Basic settlement units are Cvikov, Drnovec, Lindava, Naděje, Svitava and Trávník.

Kalvarienberg (Křížový vrch) in the northeast of the city
Building of the disused train station in Lindenau

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Cvikov, Drnovec, Lindava, Naděje, Svitava and Trávník u Cvikova.

Attractions

  • Calvary from 1728 north of the city
  • Gothic St. Elisabeth Church
  • Plague column from 1697
  • Milštejn castle ruins (millstone)
  • Dutý kámen (hollow stone)

sons and daughters of the town

  • Optatus Paul (1746–1819), 43rd and last abbot of Neuzelle Monastery 1803–1817
  • Anton Günther (1783–1863), born in Lindenau, philosopher and theologian
  • Theodor Grohmann (1844–1919), large industrialist, large landowner, councilor and patron
  • Karl Kreibich (1883–1966), Czechoslovak politician, editor, journalist, writer, diplomat
  • Franz Winkler (1890–1945), Austrian politician, 1933 Vice Chancellor, 1930–1932 Minister of the Interior
  • Reinfried Pohl (1928–2014), founder of Deutsche Vermögensberatung AG
  • Heinrich Vogel (1932–1977), German Marxist philosopher
  • Anton Horn (1940–2004), German physician

Web links

Commons : Cvikov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ area on uir.cz
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, pp. 262–263, item 15).
  4. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 195, item 6) below.
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 1042, point 2) .
  6. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Deutsch Gabel (Czech. Jablonné v Podjestedí). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
  8. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/561479/Obec-Cvikov
  9. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/561479/Obec-Cvikov
  10. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/561479/Obec-Cvikov