List of medieval universities
The list of medieval universities includes all universities that existed in the Middle Ages . It also includes short-lived start-ups and educational institutions whose university status has not yet been conclusively clarified by research. The university with its own organizational structure and its free self-image is a product of the Christian Middle Ages. Up to 1500 the existence of over eighty universities is documented, most of which were located in Western and Central Europe. With the subsequent colonization of America , the university was brought to the New World and thus began its worldwide expansion as the highest educational institution of the present (see list of the oldest universities ).
definition
The multi-volume history of the University in Europe of the European Rectors' Conference offers a short definition of the university with its essential characteristics, as they have developed since the Middle Ages :
"The university is one, yes, the European institution par excellence : As a community of teachers and students, endowed with special rights of self-administration, the definition and execution of curricula and research goals as well as the award of publicly recognized academic degrees , it is a creation of the European Middle Ages ...
No other European institution has achieved universal recognition in the whole world like the university with its traditional structures and scientific achievements. The titles of the medieval university, baccalaureate , licentiate , master's degree , doctorate , are recognized in a wide variety of political and ideological systems. The four medieval faculties of theology , jurisprudence , medicine and artes have been given different names in some cases. Thus the artist faculty became a philosophical one, that of lettres , sciences , humanities . Numerous, above all social science and technological disciplines were added, but the old faculties still form the core of universities around the world. Even the name of universitas , which was used in the Middle Ages for all kinds of cooperatives and accordingly initially only referred to the corporate organization of teachers and students, has received an intellectual upgrade over the centuries: as universitas litterarum , the university has embodied the educational institution since the 18th century which the entirety of the sciences has to maintain and convey. "
list
The list is sorted according to the time of recognition. Where more than one university has been founded in one location, the name of the institution is in brackets.
Before and during the 12th century
| Accepted | university | Today's country |
|---|---|---|
| 9th century | Salerno | Italy |
| 962 | Parma | Italy |
| End of the 12th century | Bologna | Italy |
| 1188 | Reggio nell'Emilia | Italy |
13th Century
| Accepted | university | Today's country |
|---|---|---|
| 1204 | Vicenza | Italy |
| 1208 | Palencia | Spain |
| Early 13th century | Paris | France |
| Early 13th century | Oxford | England |
| Early 13th century | Montpellier | France |
| 1209-25 | Cambridge | England |
| 1215 | Arezzo | Italy |
| 1218-19 | Salamanca | Spain |
| 1222 | Padua | Italy |
| 1224 | Naples | Italy |
| 1228 | Vercelli | Italy |
| 1229 | Toulouse | France |
| around 1235 | Orleans | France |
| 1245 | Rome (Curia) | Italy |
| 1245 | Siena | Italy |
| 1248 | Piacenza | Italy |
| around 1250 | Angers | France |
| 1254-60 | Seville | Spain |
| 1261 | Northampton | England |
| End of the 13th century | Valladolid | Spain |
| 1290 | Lisbon | Portugal |
| 1300 | Lérida | Spain |
14th Century
| Accepted | university | Today's country |
|---|---|---|
| 1303 | Avignon | France |
| 1303 | Rome (La Sapienza) | Italy |
| 1308 | Perugia | Italy |
| 1308 | Coimbra | Portugal |
| 1318 | Treviso | Italy |
| 1332 | Cahors | France |
| 1339 | Grenoble | France |
| 1339 | Verona | Italy |
| 1343 | Pisa | Italy |
| 1347 | Prague | Czech Republic |
| 1349 | Florence | Italy |
| 1350 | Perpignan | France |
| 1354 | Huesca | Spain |
| 1361 | Pavia | Italy |
| 1364 | Krakow | Poland |
| 1365 | orange | France |
| 1365 | Vienna | Austria |
| 1367 | Pécs | Hungary |
| 1369 | Lucca | Italy |
| 1379 | Erfurt | Germany |
| 1380 | Dyrrachium | Albania |
| 1385 | Heidelberg | Germany |
| 1388 | Cologne | Germany |
| 1391 | Ferrara | Italy |
| 1395 | Buda | Hungary |
| 1396 | Zadar | Croatia |
15th century
| Accepted | university | Today's country |
|---|---|---|
| 1402 | Wurzburg | Germany |
| 1404 | Turin | Italy |
| 1409 | Leipzig | Germany |
| 1409 | Aix-en-Provence | France |
| 1411 | St. Andrews | Scotland |
| 1412-20 | Parma | Italy |
| 1419 | Rostock | Germany |
| 1422 | Dole | France |
| 1425 | Lions | Belgium |
| 1431 | Poitiers | France |
| 1432 | Caen | France |
| 1441 | Bordeaux | France |
| 1444 | Catania | Italy |
| 1446 | Girona | Spain |
| 1450 | Barcelona | Spain |
| 1451 | Glasgow | Scotland |
| 1452 | Valence | France |
| 1454 | trier | Germany |
| 1456 | Greifswald | Germany |
| 1457 | Freiburg | Germany |
| 1459 | Basel | Switzerland |
| 1459 | Ingolstadt | Germany |
| 1460 | Nantes | France |
| 1464 | Bourges | France |
| 1465 | Pressburg | Slovakia |
| 1470 | Venice | Italy |
| 1471 | Genoa | Italy |
| 1474 | Zaragoza | Spain |
| 1475 | Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 1476 | Mainz | Germany |
| 1476 | Tübingen | Germany |
| 1477 | Uppsala | Sweden |
| 1483 | Palma | Spain |
| 1489 | Sigüenza | Spain |
| 1495 | Aberdeen | Scotland |
| 1498 | Frankfurt Oder | Germany |
| 1499 | Alcalá de Henares | Spain |
| 1500 | Valencia | Spain |
Remarks
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rüegg 1993, p. 13f.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch Verger, Jacques: "Basics", in: Rüegg, Walter (Ed.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Mittelalter , CH Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-36952-9 , pp. 49-80 (70f.)
- ↑ Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 213-232
- ↑ La storia dell'Università di Parma. In: Università degli Studi di Parma. Retrieved February 20, 2017 (Italian).
- ↑ Simone Bordini, Piergiovanni Genoves: Università di Parma. Un millennio di storia . Ed .: Annamaria Cavalli. Monte Università Parma Editore, Parma 2016, ISBN 978-88-7847-500-7 (Italian).
- ↑ Anna Maria Tammaro (ed.): Verso l'internazionalizzazione della formazione in biblioteconomia e in scienze dell'informazione. Atti del Seminario internazionale, Parma, 18 March 2002 . Casalini Libri, Fiesole 2002, ISBN 978-88-85297-56-2 (Italian).
- ↑ Powicke 1949, pp. 200f.
literature
- Powicke, FM: Ways of Medieval Life and Thought , Biblo & Tannen Publishers, 1949, ISBN 978-0-8196-0137-7
- Roberts, John; Rodriguez Cruz, Agueda M .; Herbst, Jürgen: “The adoption of European university models ”, in: Rüegg, Walter (Ed.): History of the University in Europe . Vol. II: From the Reformation to the French Revolution (1500–1800) , CH Beck, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-406-36953-7 , pp. 213–232
- Rüegg, Walter: “Foreword. The University as a European Institution ”, in: Rüegg, Walter (Hrsg.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Mittelalter , CH Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-36952-9 , p. 13f.
- Verger, Jacques: "Basics", in: Rüegg, Walter (Hrsg.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Mittelalter , CH Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-36952-9 , pp. 49-80 (70f.)