List of early modern universities in Europe
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The list of early modern universities in Europe includes all universities that were founded in Europe in the early modern period (1501–1800). It also includes short-lived start-ups and educational institutions whose university status has not yet been conclusively clarified by research. The operation of the medieval university continued into modern times, and the number increased from about eighty to nearly two hundred. While the universitas now also found its way into Eastern Europe as far as Moscow, there was a new wave of founding in its home countries, fueled by the competition of Protestantism and the Counter - Reformation led by the Jesuits . At the same time, the Spanish and British established colonial universities and colleges in the New World, thus initiating the global expansion of the university as the highest educational institution of the present (see list of the oldest universities ).
definition
The multi-volume history of the University in Europe of the European Rectors' Conference offers a short definition of the university with its essential characteristics, as they developed in the Middle Ages and the early modern period :
“The university is one, yes, the European institution par excellence : As a community of teachers and students, endowed with special rights of self-administration, the definition and execution of curricula and research goals as well as the award of publicly recognized academic degrees , it is a creation of the European Middle Ages. ..
No other European institution has achieved universal recognition in the whole world like the university with its traditional structures and scientific achievements. The titles of the medieval university, baccalaureate , licentiate , master's degree , doctorate , are recognized in a wide variety of political and ideological systems. The four medieval faculties of theology , jurisprudence , medicine and artes have been given different names in some cases. Thus the artist faculty became a philosophical one, that of lettres , sciences , humanities . Numerous, above all social science and technological disciplines were added, but the old faculties still form the core of universities around the world. Even the name of universitas , which was used in the Middle Ages for all kinds of cooperatives and accordingly initially only referred to the corporate organization of teachers and students, has received an intellectual upgrade over the centuries: as universitas litterarum , the university has embodied the educational institution since the 18th century which the entirety of the sciences has to maintain and convey. "
list
The list is sorted according to the time of recognition. Where more than one university has been founded in one location, the name of the institution is in brackets.
16th Century
17th century
| Accepted | university | Today's country |
|---|---|---|
| 1601/04 | The | France |
| 1603 | Aix-en-Provence (Royal College) | France |
| 1606 | Cagliari | Italy |
| 1607 | to water | Germany |
| 1612/14 | Groningen | Netherlands |
| 1614 | Solsona | Spain |
| 1614/16 | Paderborn | Germany |
| 1617 | Sassari | Italy |
| 1617/18 | Molsheim | France |
| 1619 | Pamplona | Spain |
| 1620 | Rinteln | Germany |
| 1620/25 | Salzburg | Austria |
| 1621 | Strasbourg | France |
| 1622 | Altdorf | Germany |
| 1625 | Mantua | Italy |
| 1629/32 | Osnabrück | Germany |
| 1632 | Dorpat | Estonia |
| 1633 | kassel | Germany |
| 1635 | Tyrnau | Hungary |
| 1636 | Utrecht | Netherlands |
| 1640 | Åbo | Finland |
| 1647/48 | Harderwijk | Netherlands |
| 1648 | Bamberg | Germany |
| 1652 | Kiel | Germany |
| 1654 | Duisburg | Germany |
| 1655 | Nijmegen | Netherlands |
| 1657 | Košice | Slovakia |
| 1661 | Lviv | Ukraine |
| 1665 | Prešov | Slovakia |
| 1666/68 | Lund | Sweden |
| 1668 | innsbruck | Austria |
| 1671 | Urbino | Italy |
| 1671 | Montbeliard | France |
| 1674 | Linz | Austria |
| 1685 | Strasbourg | France |
| 1691 | Besançon | France |
| 1693/94 | Hall | Germany |
18th century
| Accepted | university | Today's country |
|---|---|---|
| 1701 | La Laguna | Spain |
| 1702 | Wroclaw | Poland |
| 1714/17 | Cervera | Spain |
| 1722 | Dijon | France |
| 1722 | Pau | France |
| 1724 | St. Petersburg | Russia |
| 1727 | Camerino | Italy |
| 1727 | Rome (Angelicum) | Italy |
| 1732/34 | Fulda | Germany |
| 1733/37 | Goettingen | Germany |
| 1735 | Rennes | France |
| 1742/43 | gain | Germany |
| 1748 | Altamura | Italy |
| 1755 | Moscow | Russia |
| 1760 | Bützow | Germany |
| 1765 | Corte | France |
| 1768 | Nancy | France |
| 1769 | Malta | Malta |
| 1771 | Muenster | Germany |
| 1772/73 | Modena | Italy |
| 1777 | Bonn | Germany |
| 1781 | Stuttgart | Germany |
| 1783 | Murcia | Spain |
Remarks
- ↑ Status or operation as a university questionable
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do Frijhoff 1996, pp. 81-86
- ↑ Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 213-232
- ↑ Rüegg 1993, p. 13f.
- ↑ a b Jílek 1984, pp. 75–322
- ↑ University of Malta: History ( Memento of the original from June 30, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)
- ^ Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: History
literature
- Frijhoff, Willem: "Basics", in: Rüegg, Walter (Hrsg.): History of the University in Europe . Vol. II: From the Reformation to the French Revolution (1500–1800) , CH Beck, Munich 1996, ISBN 3406-36953-7 , pp. 53–102 (81–86)
- Jílek, Jubor (Ed.): Historical Compendium of European Universities / Répertoire Historique des Universités Européennes , Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE), Geneva 1984
- Roberts, John; Rodriguez Cruz, Agueda M .; Herbst, Jürgen: “The adoption of European university models”, in: Rüegg, Walter (Ed.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. II: From the Reformation to the French Revolution (1500–1800) , CH Beck, Munich 1996, ISBN 3406-36953-7 , pp. 213–232
- Rüegg, Walter: “Foreword. The University as a European Institution ”, in: Rüegg, Walter (Hrsg.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Mittelalter , CH Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-36952-9 , p. 13f.
- Verger, Jacques: "Basics", in: Rüegg, Walter (Hrsg.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Mittelalter , CH Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-36952-9 , pp. 49-80 (70f.)