Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands | |||||
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands | |||||
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Official language | English , Chamorro , Carolinian | ||||
Capital | Saipan | ||||
Form of government | Unincorporated U.S. Territory | ||||
Head of state | President Donald Trump | ||||
Head of government | Governor Ralph Torres | ||||
surface | 477 km² | ||||
population | 55,144 (2017) | ||||
Population density | 173 inhabitants per km² | ||||
currency | US dollar (USD) | ||||
National anthem | Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi | ||||
Time zone | UTC + 10 | ||||
License Plate | United States | ||||
Internet TLD | .mp | ||||
Telephone code | +1 (670) see NANP | ||||
The Northern Mariana Islands , with full name Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands ( English Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands ), a part of the archipelago of the Mariana Islands , are a non-incorporated outer area of the United States of America in the Pacific Ocean , south of Japan and north of Guam .
geography
The area consists of 16 islands stretching for over 500 kilometers, of which Saipan , Tinian and Rota are the largest. In 2009, the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument was designated there.
population
86 percent of the population speak a language other than English in their private lives. a. Micronesian and Polynesian languages . The population growth is 2.8 percent per year. The Northern Mariana Islands used to be the country with the largest female surplus in the world at 1: 0.77 due to mostly female guest workers in the textile sector, but are no longer today after the collapse of the textile industry . The population has decreased in recent years, to an estimated 55,000 in 2017.
development
year | population |
---|---|
1950 | 6,999 |
1960 | 10,035 |
1970 | 13,127 |
1980 | 16,920 |
1990 | 42,538 |
2000 | 69.094 |
2010 | 54,424 |
2017 | 55.144 |
Source: UN
history
1521 saw Ferdinand Magellan was the first European the islands and named them Islas de Ladrones , Ladronen- or thief islands because the local residents after European view things from Magellan's ships had stolen. In 1667 it was taken over by Spain and named after the Spanish Queen Maria Anna of Austria .
After the Spanish-American War , Spain ceded the southern part to the United States and, with the German-Spanish Treaty of 1899, sold the northern part to the German Empire , making it part of German New Guinea .
After the First World War the Marianas were placed under Japanese control by the League of Nations , after the Second World War by the UN under the control of the USA, which in 1978 granted them the status of a state associated with the USA as the Northern Marianas, with the exception of Guam , which was called “dependent territory ”is under direct colonial rule by the USA and has only a certain degree of internal autonomy, since it serves as an important military base for the USA.
The Northern Mariana Islands have been in the Commonwealth with the USA since 1975, with internal independence since 1986.
politics
The Northern Mariana Islands are an “unincorporated, organized territory” of the USA with internal autonomy since 1986 and their own constitution since 1978. The political system consists of a bicameral parliament - a Senate with nine and a House of Representatives with 18 members - and an elected governor . The head of state is the President of the United States , the current head of government is Governor Ralph Torres after his predecessor Eloy Inos passed away on December 28, 2015. The citizens of the Mariana Islands are US citizens but do not have the right to vote in the US presidential election . You don't have to pay federal taxes.
In 2018, the Northern Mariana Islands became the first US territory to legalize the possession and licensed production of cannabis products for recreational and medicinal purposes.
The official languages are English , Chamorro and Carolinian , and Korean and Japanese are also spoken on the island .
economy
The main source of income is tourism .
Statistical data on the islands
The Northern Mariana Islands consist of 14 larger islands with a total area of 463.6 square kilometers. The following overview lists the islands from north to south:
No. | island | Area (km²) |
Population ( 2010 census ) |
Height ( m ) |
summit | Coordinates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern Islands (1 municipality) | ||||||||
1 | Farallon de Pajaros (Urracas) | 2.55 | uninhabited | 360 | 20 ° 33 ' N , 144 ° 54' E | |||
2 | Maug Islands | 2.13 | uninhabited 1) | 227 | (North Island) | 20 ° 1 ' N , 145 ° 13' E | ||
3 | Asuncion | 7.31 | uninhabited | 891 | Asuncion | 19 ° 42 ' N , 145 ° 24' E | ||
4th | Agrigan (Agrihan) | 43.51 | uninhabited 2) | 965 | Mount Agrigan | 18 ° 47 ' N , 145 ° 40' E | ||
5 | Pagan | 47.23 | uninhabited 3) | 579 | South Pagan Volcano | 18 ° 9 ' N , 145 ° 48' E | ||
6th | Alamagan | 11.12 | uninhabited | 744 | Alamagan | 17 ° 35 ' N , 145 ° 50' E | ||
7th | Guguan | 3.87 | uninhabited | 301 | 17 ° 19 ' N , 145 ° 51' E | |||
8th | Zealandia Bank | 0.002 | uninhabited | 2 | 16 ° 45 ' N , 145 ° 42' E | |||
9 | Sarigan | 4.97 | uninhabited 4) | 549 | 16 ° 43 ' N , 145 ° 47' E | |||
10 | Anatahan | 31.21 | uninhabited 2) | 787 | 16 ° 22 ' N , 145 ° 40' E | |||
11 | Farallon de Medinilla | 0.85 | uninhabited | 81 | 16 ° 1 ' N , 146 ° 4' E | |||
Southern Islands (3 parishes) | ||||||||
12 | Saipan | 115.39 | 48,220 | 474 | Mount Tagpochau | 15 ° 11 ' N , 145 ° 44' E | ||
13 | Tinian | 101.01 | 3.136 | 170 | Kastiyu (Lasso Hill) | 14 ° 57 ' N , 145 ° 39' E | ||
14th | Aguijan (Agiguan) 5) | 7.09 | uninhabited | 157 | Alutom | 14 ° 42 ' N , 145 ° 18' E | ||
15th | rota | 85.38 | 2,527 | 491 | Mount Manira | 14 ° 9 ' N , 145 ° 11' E | ||
Northern Mariana Islands | 463.63 | 53,883 | 965 | Mount Agrihan | 14 ° 08 ′ to 20 ° 33 ′ N, 144 ° 54 ′ to 146 ° 04 ′ E |
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1) Japanese occupation 1939 to 1944 | ||||||||
2) evacuated in 1990 because of feared volcanic eruptions | ||||||||
3) evacuated in 1981 due to volcanic eruptions | ||||||||
4) previously inhabited (1935 population of 21, 1968 still 2) | ||||||||
5) to Tinian Parish |
The islands are divided into four municipalities: The ten islands in the north form the municipality of the Northern Islands Municipality. The other islands are called the "Southern Islands" and consist of the municipalities of Saipan, Tinian (including Aguijan Island) and Rota. Only Saipan, Tinian and Rota have a port; they are the only permanently inhabited islands in the Northern Mariana Islands.
Because of the threat of volcanic eruptions on several northern islands, these were evacuated from the 1980s. The traditional administrative seat of the Northern Islands Municipality is Shomushon on Pagan . Because of the complete evacuation of the island the mayor resides (Engl. Mayor ), however, until further notice on Saipan.
literature
- Joseph E. Hore: The Right of Self-Government in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , in: Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal 4 (2003), pp. 180–245 ( Link ( Memento of December 28, 2003 on the Internet Archives )).
- Victoria King: The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands' Rights Under United States and International Law to Control its Exclusive Economic Zone , in: University of Hawaii Law Review 13 (1991), pp. 477-504.
- Pascal Horst Lehne, Christoph Gäbler: About the Marianas . Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf 1972. 47 pages with references, 10 outline maps, 10 photographs
- Howard P. Willens, Deanne C. Siemer: An Honorable Accord: The Covenant between the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States . Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press 2002.
Web links
- Search for Northern Marianas in the catalog of the German National Library
- Search for Northern Mariana Islands in the German Digital Library
- Search for Northern Marianas in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
- Marianas Variety (Newspaper)
- Information on the Northern Mariana Islands from go: ruma.
- Information about the Northern Mariana Islands in America at a glance.
- Collection of geographical and historical data on the individual islands
Individual evidence
- ↑ Country comparison of women overhang at www.atanango.com , accessed on January 29, 2011.
- ↑ CIA Factbook (English).
- ↑ World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 2, 2018 .
- ↑ New governor, according to governor sworn in. In: Marianas Variety of December 30, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015, local time.
- ^ Tom Angell: Governor Signs Marijuana Legalization Bill, Making History In US Territory. forbes.com, September 21, 2018 (English).
Coordinates: 16 ° 8 ' N , 145 ° 45' E