Olešnice v Orlických horách
| Olešnice v Orlických horách | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Rychnov nad Kněžnou | ||||
| Area : | 1429.7894 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 22 ' N , 16 ° 19' E | ||||
| Height: | 593 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 419 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 517 83 | ||||
| License plate : | H | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Deštné v Orlických horách - Lewin Kłodzki | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jiří Cejnar (as of 2017) | ||||
| Address: | Olešnice v Orlických horách 8 517 83 Olešnice v Orlických horách |
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| Municipality number: | 576573 | ||||
| Website : | www.olesnice.net | ||||
Olešnice v Orlických horách (German Gießhübel ) is a municipality in Okres Rychnov nad Kněžnou in the Czech Republic .
geography
Olešnice v Orlických horách is located in the extreme northwest of the Eagle Mountains in a mountain valley on the border with Poland . The lower village and the small town extend along the Olešenka brook , into which the Fibich brook flows in the center of the village; the upper village lies on the Bělidlo brook. To the southeast rise the Hohe Mense ( Vrchmezí , 1084 m nm) and the Sattler Koppe ( Sedloňovský vrch , 1051 m nm). By Olešnice state road II / 310 leads from Deštné v Orlických horách to Kocioł in Poland, in the further course they reached after five kilometers at Lewin Kłodzki the European route E67 , which from Prague to Wroclaw leads. State road II / 285 from Nové Město nad Metují ends in Olešnice .
Neighboring places are Kotel, Kocioł and Jerzykowice Małe in the north, Jawornica , Zimne Wody and Kozicowa Hala in the northeast, Horní Olešnice in the east, Polom in the southeast, Sedloňov and Burgtov in the south, Lužany, Sněžné , Hamry and Rzy in the southwest, Dolní Dlouhénice and in the west and Taszów in the northwest.
history
Gießhübel was first mentioned in writing in 1354 as Olessa and is documented as a parish for 1369 under the name Olesnicz . It belonged to the Königgrätzer Kreis and was subject to the Frymburk rule. Together with this it later came to the Opočno rule . During the Hussite Wars in 1427 the wooden church was destroyed. A new wooden church was built around 1530. In 1538, the then Opočner landlord Trčka von Lípa promoted ore mining. He built an iron hammer, for which he employed German miners. In the 16th century the German place name Güssiebel / Gißübel came up. In 1607 Emperor Rudolf II. Gießhübel is said to have given a coat of arms and confirmed it as a market or town. During the Thirty Years War , imperial and Swedish troops plundered and pillaged and marched through Gießhübel into the county of Glatz .
14 farmers and 23 cottagers are recorded for 1654. From 1680 the children received schooling. At the end of the 17th century ore mining was stopped. Linen weaving subsequently developed. 1703–1705 a stone church was built, which was assigned as a branch of the newly established parish of Sattel . In 1706 Gießhübel, which was then known as Teutsch-Güssiebel , was given the privilege to hold three annual and one weekly markets as well as its own jurisdiction. In the same year the districts of Unter- and Obergießhübel were merged with Gießhübel. During the Silesian Wars , Prussian troops marched through Gießhübel. After the county of Glatz, which had been part of the Bohemian Crown , fell to Prussia as a result of these wars , Gießhübel became a border town with a guard that had to control the current border with Prussia. In 1743 Gießhübel was raised to the status of a parish, in 1750 it was again downgraded to a branch church of Sattel. In 1772 over 100 people died of an epidemic. In 1779 Emperor Joseph II visited Gießhübel. In 1779 a school was built and attended by 180 students. Even during the Napoleonic Wars , the population had to endure billeting and troop movements, and to provide tension services for the military and to provide food. Around 1800 the houses on Ringplatz were rebuilt. In the 19th century, home weaving developed, which was converted to mechanical looms after 1880. Granite quarries, brickworks and two mills were also of economic importance.
From 1850 Gießhübel belonged to the district administration Neustadt an der Mettau . In 1853 it was again raised to the status of a parish. In 1861 a major fire destroyed the town center with the town hall and church. During the German War of 1866, Prussian troops marched through Gießhübel. In the same year, cholera spread. A new school was built in 1868, a winter school in Obergießhübel in 1889 and a community school in 1905. By 1890 the population was 3,000 and the population was predominantly German-speaking. In 1905 Gießhübel received a rail connection at the Lewin station , six kilometers away , on the then Prussian railway line from Glatz – Kudowa . As a result, it gained importance as an important transshipment point for wood and coal until 1945. It also developed into a popular summer resort. In 1914 a road was built over the border crossing to Kuttel. In the First World War, 88 men from Gießhübel died.
After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , Gießhübel was occupied by the Czechoslovak military in 1918. In 1922 Gießhübel was given the official name of Gießhübel in the Eagle Mountains . In 1925 a Czech minority school with a kindergarten was rebuilt. In 1936–1938, military fortifications were built as part of the Czechoslovak Wall project to secure the border with Germany .
As a result of the Munich Agreement , Gießhübel was annexed to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Grulich district until 1945 . After the connection, a customs post was set up on what is now the border with Czechoslovakia in Untergießhübel. In 1939, 1,285 people lived in 338 houses in the village. After the Second World War, Gießhübel was occupied by the Czechoslovak military; the German residents were expelled . Subsequently, the number of inhabitants declined significantly, as a result of which numerous houses and farms were left to decay. The war memorial for those who fell in World War I was smashed. The official place name was changed to Olešnice v Orlických horách .
More recently, Olešnice has developed into a winter sports resort. There is a textile company and a sawmill in the village.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Olešnice v Orlických horách. Basic settlement units are Lužany ( Lusche ) and Olešnice v Orlických horách ( Gießhübel ). The core town is divided into the locations Olešnice ( town of Gießhübel ), Čihalka ( Schnappe ), Dolní Olešnice ( Unter Gießhübel ), Hamry ( Hammerhof ), Horní Olešnice ( Ober Gießhübel ) and Kotel ( Kuttel ).
Attractions
- Mechanical crib by Josef Utz
- Town hall in baroque style from 1707, rebuilt after a fire in 1862
- Baroque church of St. Maria Magdalena from 1705
- Swedish Cross from 1639
Demographic data
485 inhabitants in 2003, population development: 1819: 2282 inhabitants, 1857: 1943 inhabitants, 1900: 2180 inhabitants, 1919: 2003 inhabitants (including 94 Czechs, 1909 Germans), 1921: 1579 inhabitants (including 331 Czechs, 1213 Germans), 1939: 1380 Inhabitants (many Czechs left the border area), 1945: 1250 inhabitants (79 Czechs, 1171 Germans), 1950: 670 inhabitants (550 Czechs, 120 Germans), 1992: 543 inhabitants in 137 inhabited houses.
Personalities
- Josef Utz (1896–1944), entrepreneur, builder of the Christmas crib in Gießhübel