Peter Grünberg

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Peter Grünberg (2008)

Peter Andreas Grünberg (born May 18, 1939 in Pilsen ; † April 7, 2018 in Jülich ) was a German physicist . The focus of his research was in the field of solid-state research. His most famous discovery is the GMR effect . In 2007 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this .

Life

Grünberg was born in Pilsen and lived with a sister born in 1937, first in Dýšina , then in the parents' house of mother Anna, née. Petermann in Untersekerschan in the district of Mies . His father, the engineer Theodor Grünberg , who had been working for Škoda since 1928 , died as a Pilsen German in Czechoslovak custody on November 27, 1945 and was buried in a mass grave.

Grünberg lived with his mother in the Hessian town of Frischborn near Lauterbach after they were expelled from Czechoslovakia in 1946 . There he passed the Abitur in 1959 at the Alexander von Humboldt Gymnasium in Lauterbach . From 1962 he studied at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main and at the Technical University of Darmstadt . From 1966 to 1969 he was there and was a doctoral candidate in 1969 when Stefan Hüfner with the work "Spectroscopic studies of some rare earth garnets" Dr. rer. nat. PhD . He spent three years at Carleton University in Ottawa , Canada .

Since 1972 he has been an employee of the Jülich Research Center and completed his habilitation in Cologne . At the same time, he worked as a private lecturer from 1984 and as an adjunct professor at the University of Cologne from 1992 .

Since his retirement in 2004, Grünberg has worked as a guest at Forschungszentrum Jülich at the Institute for Solid State Research (IFF), which has been called the Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) since a restructuring in 2011 .

From 2007 Grünberg was a full member of the Sudeten German Academy of Sciences and Arts , natural science class, and from 2008 a full member of the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences and Arts .

Act

Replica of the first GMR sensor from Peter Grünberg

Grünberg was one of the first scientists to research the magnetic properties of “thin layers”. This branch of research, known as spintronics , uses the spin properties of the electron. This should enable new, smaller circuits in the future.

In 1986 Grünberg discovered the anti-ferromagnetic coupling in Fe / Cr layers.

At the turn of the year 1987/1988, Grünberg discovered - like Albert Fert at almost the same time - the GMR effect , which made it possible to increase the storage capacity of hard drives at the end of the 1990s. Nowadays the read function of the read / write head is based on the GMR effect on almost every hard disk. The license fees from the patents registered for the discovery flowed to the institute in Jülich in the tens of millions.

honors and awards

In 1994 Grünberg was awarded the APS International Prize for New Materials (with Fert and SSP Parkin) and the IUPAP Magnetism Award (with A. Fert). In 1996 he received the technology prize of the "Association of Friends and Supporters of the Research Center Jülich". In 1997, Grünberg was honored with the Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize (with Fert and Parkin). In 1998 Grünberg received the German Future Prize from Federal President Roman Herzog for his work on the GMR effect. In 2002 he received an honorary doctorate from the Ruhr University in Bochum for the “Grünberg principle” . In 2003 Grünberg became an External Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and received the Ritter von Gerstner Medal from the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft . In 2006 he was named “ European Inventor of the Year ” in the “University and Research Institutions” category by the EU Commission and the European Patent Office. In 2007 he was awarded the Stern-Gerlach Medal of the DPG and in Israel in the Knesset the Wolf Prize . Also in 2007, together with Fert and Parkin, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from RWTH Aachen University .

In the presence of the Japanese imperial couple, Grünberg received the internationally renowned Japan Prize on April 19, 2007 in the National Theater of Tokyo , together with Albert Fert from the Université Paris-Sud . The two solid-state physicists were honored for the discovery of the giant magnetic resistance (GMR effect) . The prize in the “Innovations through Basic Research” category is endowed with around 350,000 euros. In 2007 he and Albert Fert received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the independent discovery of the GMR effect .

Peter Grünberg as a musician

On April 8, 2008, Grünberg and Gerhard Ertl received the Great Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany from Federal President Horst Köhler . The University of Cologne honored Grünberg with the university medal on April 15, 2008 and on that day awarded him an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. On April 24, 2008, Peter Grünberg was awarded an honorary doctorate (Dr. rer. Nat. H. C.) From the University of Saarland . On April 25, 2008, he was granted honorary citizenship by Jülich . On August 18, 2008 he received the honorary citizenship of Lauterbach . On August 20, 2008 he received the Order of Merit of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia . On October 15, 2008, the Goethe University named a place after him.

On January 1, 2011, the former Institute for Solid State Research and parts of the Institute for Bio- and Nanosystems at the Research Center Jülich in the Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI). On March 15, 2011 he was awarded honorary membership of the German Physical Society , along with the golden badge of honor.

Fonts (selection)

Patents

  • Patent DE3820475 : Magnetic field sensor with ferromagnetic, thin layer. Published December 21, 1989 . ‌

Web links

Commons : Peter Grünberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
 Wikinews: Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg receive the Nobel Prize in Physics  - News

literature

  • Christoph Buchal , Daniel Bürgler: Peter Grünberg. Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 . Ed .: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH in the Helmholtz Association. 2008 ( fz-juelich.de [PDF; 3.6 MB ; accessed on April 10, 2018]).
  • Eberhard Wassermann, Burkhard Hillebrands: Giant effect in thin layers: Nobel Prize in Physics for Peter Grünberg and Albert Fert . In: Physics Journal . tape 6 , no. December 12 , 2007, pp. 23-25 ( pro-physik.de ).
  • Albert Fert : Peter Grünberg (1939-2018). Physicist who revolutionized data storage with work on magnetism in nanomaterials. In: Nature . Volume 557, 2018, p. 638, doi: 10.1038 / d41586-018-05264-0

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Curriculum Vitae Peter A. Grünberg. In: fz-juelich.de. Forschungszentrum Jülich , accessed on April 17, 2018 (English).
  2. ^ Forschungszentrum Jülich - press releases - Nobel laureate Peter Grünberg dies. Retrieved April 9, 2018 .
  3. ↑ heise online: Nobel laureate in physics Peter Grünberg has died. Accessed April 10, 2018 (German).
  4. ↑ Heimatkreis Mies-Pilsen e. V ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mies-pilsen.de
  5. ↑ Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft , "Kreisgruppe Hochtaunus", November 20, 2007 (online)
  6. ↑ Grünberg Theodor † November 27 , 1945 , westboehmen.de
  7. ^ Peter Grünberg - Biographical. Retrieved April 10, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Peter Grünberg at the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Retrieved January 28, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Patent DE3820475 : Magnetic field sensor with ferromagnetic, thin layer. Published December 21, 1989 . ‌
  10. ↑ a b c d Grünberg's curriculum vitae
  11. ^ "No hard drive without the" Grünberg principle ": RUB physics awards honorary doctorate" , Ruhr University Bochum, December 3, 2002
  12. ↑ "European Inventor of the Year 2006" in the "University and Research Institutions" category
  13. ↑ Press release from FZ Jülich from April 20, 2007
  14. ↑ Information from the Nobel Foundation on the 2007 award ceremony for Peter Grünberg and Albert Fert (English)
  15. ^ Goethe University mourns Peter Grünberg
personal data
SURNAME Grünberg, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Grünberg, Peter Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist and Nobel Prize winner
DATE OF BIRTH May 18, 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH Pilsen
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 2018
Place of death Jülich