Transfer (sport)

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The transfer of Neymar (right, at his introduction) from FC Barcelona to Paris Saint-Germain in August 2017 for 222 million euros is the most expensive in football history to date

A player transfer is understood to be the change of club of a contract athlete, which is usually taken out of a contract that is still running for money. Especially in the lower divisions, there is talk of a free transfer if the future club did not have to pay any compensation for its growth. The so-called market value of a player usually provides a mirror of how much a club could achieve with the proceeds. If a club has to or wants to sell a player, it puts him on the transfer list .

Transfer market in football

→ Main article : Alternation period

The FIFA in which to organize all the world's football associations stipulates that the club change a contract player only within two established by the respective association transfer periods must be completed. In most of the UEFA member states and also in German amateur sport, these cover the periods from July 1st to August 31st and from January 1st to 31st. In Austrian amateur football, the summer transition period lasts 10 days (July 5th to 15th), whereby players must demonstrably de-register with the previous club by July 10th. Registration with the new club can take place from the first day of the transfer period, although the previous club must ultimately approve this, which is usually associated with a transfer fee. In special cases (e.g. young players) there are also provisions of a so-called “compulsory acquisition”, according to which the new club can oblige an actor with the payment of an amount determined by the association (graduated for the different game classes).

In the professional as well as the amateur area, apart from the releases (on the basis of which a player practically comes into "possession" of a new club), there is also the possibility of loan contracts, which are tailored to a certain (precisely defined) maximum duration. After the loan contract expires, the player returns to his previous club, but could either be released to the current club or transferred to another (although a new loan is possible under certain circumstances). All loan agreement matters can also only take place during the transfer times. A late registration with the new club or through it with the association means that the player is not eligible to play for the current club, which in practice means that the player stays with the "old club" until the next transfer time. When transferring to a new club, the player usually takes with him an association ban that was still in place at the previous club (after red, yellow-red and possibly a certain number of yellow cards). (Austria: Yellow cards are not carried over from one season to the next.)

If a player registers with a club for the first time at all, this can happen at any time, and the player is usually immediately entitled to play for all matches upon registration by the association. For a long time in Austria there was a provision according to which players who registered after April 20 were only eligible to play in friendly matches for the current season (there was an exception for young players), but this passage has been deleted.

Situation in the Bundesliga

In the Bundesliga - as in other European professional leagues - transfer fees have increased continuously since the 1990s.

Transfer expenses of the Bundesliga clubs from 1980 to 2018 season Expenditures in € million 1980/81    5.80 1981/82    10.08 1982/83    6.49 1983/84    4.62 1984/85    4.81 1985/86    2.61 1986/87    7.03 1987/88    14.16 1988/89    16.76 1989/90    16.07 1990/91    23.89 1991/92    33.80 1992/93    29.40 1993/94    34.20 1994/95    54.19 1995/96    77.15 1996/97    44.43 1997/98    57.69 1998/99    70.21 1999/00    146.70 2000/01    113.47 2001/02    180.76 2002/03    121.53 2003/04    84.97 2004/05    85.73 2005/06    108.61 2006/07    144.23 2007/08    266.51 2008/09    185.25 2009/10    244.76 2010/11    212.94 2011/12    217.10 2012/13    288.98 2013/14    303.75 2014/15    363.71 2015/16    411.43 2016/17    662.49 2017/18    685.79 Transfer balances (income and expenses). In: transfermarkt.de , accessed on May 30, 2018.

Transfer revenues of the Bundesliga clubs from 1980 to 2018 season Revenue in € million 1980/81    6.24 1981/82    8.79 1982/83    3.72 1983/84    2.19 1984/85    7.08 1985/86    0.92 1986/87    8.80 1987/88    12.35 1988/89    27.06 1989/90    20.53 1990/91    32.46 1991/92    31.26 1992/93    30.30 1993/94    24.05 1994/95    31.88 1995/96    50.23 1996/97    32.76 1997/98    62.23 1998/99    64.60 1999/00    55.09 2000/01    53.79 2001/02    89.57 2002/03    61.81 2003/04    21.67 2004/05    62.80 2005/06    92.20 2006/07    108.47 2007/08    159.19 2008/09    116.48 2009/10    133.65 2010/11    209.23 2011/12    188.27 2012/13    169.69 2013/14    222.05 2014/15    210.35 2015/16    479.05 2016/17    542.85 2017/18    600.09 Transfer balances (income and expenses). In: transfermarkt.de , accessed on May 30, 2018.

Highest transfer fees paid

As of August 5, 2019; All transfers with a transfer fee of 75 million euros or more are included.

rank	Nat.	player	Position 1	Age 2	donating club	receiving club	Transfer fee 3	year	source
1		Neymar	Storm	25th	FC Barcelona	Paris Saint-Germain	222	2017
2		Kylian Mbappé	Storm	18th	AS Monaco	Paris Saint-Germain	160 *	2017 a
3		João Félix	midfield	19th	Benfica Lisbon	Atlético Madrid	126	2019
4th		Antoine Griezmann	Storm	28	Atlético Madrid	FC Barcelona	120	2019
		Philippe Coutinho	midfield	25th	Liverpool FC	FC Barcelona	120 *	2018
6th		Ousmane Dembélé	Storm	20th	Borussia Dortmund	FC Barcelona	105	2017
		Paul Pogba	midfield	23	Juventus Turin	Manchester United	105	2016
8th		Gareth Bale	Storm	24	Tottenham Hotspur	real Madrid	100.8 *	2013
9		Cristiano Ronaldo	Storm	33	real Madrid	Juventus Turin	100	2018
		Eden Hazard	Storm	28	Chelsea FC	real Madrid	100 *	2019
11		Cristiano Ronaldo	Storm	24	Manchester United	real Madrid	94 ( £ 80m )	2009
12		Gonzalo Higuaín	Storm	28	SSC Naples	Juventus Turin	90	2016
13		Harry Maguire	Defense	26th	Leicester City	Manchester United	87.1 *	2019
14th		Romelu Lukaku	Storm	24	Everton FC	Manchester United	85 *	2017
15th		Virgil van Dijk	Defense	26th	Southampton FC	Liverpool FC	84.5 *	2018
16		Luis Suarez	Storm	27	Liverpool FC	FC Barcelona	81.25	2014
17th		Lucas Hernández	Defense	23	Atlético Madrid	FC Bayern Munich	80	2019
		Kepa	goal	23	Athletic Bilbao	Chelsea FC	80	2018
		James Rodríguez	midfield	23	AS Monaco	real Madrid	80 *	2014
20th		Zinedine Zidane	midfield	29	Juventus Turin	real Madrid	77.5 ( ₤ 150 billion )	2001
21st		Kevin De Bruyne	midfield	24	VfL Wolfsburg	Manchester City	75 *	2015
		Ángel Di María	midfield	26th	real Madrid	Manchester United	75 ( £ 59.7m )	2014
		Frenkie de Jong	midfield	22nd	Ajax Amsterdam	FC Barcelona	75	2019
		Matthijs de Ligt	Defense	19th	Ajax Amsterdam	Juventus Turin	75	2019

¹ position in which the player was listed by the receiving club on its official website (goal / defense / midfield / storm).
² the player's age in years on the day of the official implementation of the transfer
³ million € . The original currency is shown if it is official. The currency converter on oanda.com with the rate of the transfer day was used for the conversion. Any bonus payments are not taken into account. Amounts marked
with an ^* are not officially confirmed by the clubs, but are recognized in the specialist press.
^a Loan 2017 with purchase option 2018
The amounts in bold represent the transfer record for a time.

Individual evidence

1. ^ FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar. In: fcbarcelona.com. August 2, 2017, accessed August 25, 2017 . 
2. ↑ According to Neymar: PSG follow up with Mbappé. In: kicker.de. August 31, 2017, accessed July 10, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Announcement to the CMVM. In: slbenfica.pt. July 3, 2019, accessed on July 4, 2019 . 
4. ^ Barça sign Antoine Griezmann. In: fcbarcelona.com. July 12, 2019, accessed on July 12, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Dembelé outdated! Coutinho change to Barça perfect. In: kicker.de. January 6, 2018, accessed January 8, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Ousmane Dembélé before moving to FC Barcelona. In: bvb.de. August 25, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017 . 
7. ^ Ousmane Dembélé, FC Barcelona's new signing. In: fcbarcelona.com. August 25, 2017, accessed August 25, 2017 . 
8. ^ Paul Pogba joins Manchester United. In: juventus.com. August 9, 2016, accessed August 9, 2016 . 
9. ↑ Football Leaks: Bale is more expensive than Ronaldo - 100.759 million euros transfer fee. In: welt.de. January 21, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2017 . 
10. ↑ See the official confirmation from Juventus Turin on July 10, 2018 ( PDF ; 150 KB).
11. ↑ Zidane's restructuring continues: Real also sign Eden Hazard. In: kicker.de. July 4, 2019, accessed June 7, 2019 . 
12. ↑ Ronaldo bid accepted. In: manutd.com. June 11, 2009, accessed September 1, 2013 . 
13. ↑ Higuain joins Juventus. In: juventus.com , accessed on July 27, 2016 (English)
14. ↑ Most expensive defender in the world: ManUnited signs Maguire. In: kicker.de. August 5, 2019, accessed August 5, 2019 . 
15. ↑ 85 million! ManUnited snatches away Chelsea Lukaku. In: kicker.de. July 6, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017 . 
16. ^ Virgil van Dijk: Liverpool to sign Southampton defender for world record £ 75m. In: bbc.com. December 27, 2017, accessed December 27, 2017 . 
17. ↑ FC Barcelona "communicate transparency". In: fcbarcelona.com. September 2, 2014, accessed August 25, 2017 . 
18. ↑ Bayern sign Lucas Hernandez. In: fcbayern.com. March 27, 2019, accessed July 24, 2019 . 
19. ↑ Kepa pays the termination clause. In: athletic-club.eus. August 8, 2018, accessed August 9, 2018 .  The amount of the exit clause was in the contract extension on 22 January 2018 announced .
20. ↑ Kepa arrives at Chelsea. In: chelseafc.com. August 8, 2018, accessed August 9, 2018 . 
21. ↑ 5. James - 80 million euros. In: kicker.de
22. ^ Zidane al Real ( Memento of July 9, 2001 in the Internet Archive )
23. ↑ Last act: Kevin De Bruyne signs until 2021. In: kicker.de. August 30, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2017 . 
24. ↑ United sign Angel Di Maria for record fee. In: manutd.com. August 26, 2014, accessed August 26, 2017 . 
25. ^ Barça sign De Jong. In: fcbarcelona.com. January 23, 2018, accessed January 23, 2018 . 
26. ↑ OFFICIAL ⎮de Ligt is Bianconero! In: juventus.com. July 18, 2019, accessed on July 19, 2019 . 
27. ↑ [1]