Unicode block IPA extensions

The Unicode block IPA extensions (IPA Extensions, U + 0250 to U + 02AF) contains additional characters for the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Both modern and historical characters are included. Further characters can be found in the Phonetic Extensions and Phonetic Extensions, Completion blocks . The characters labeled “Diacritics” in the IPA table are in the Spacing Modifier Letters and Combining Diacritics blocks . In addition, all characters that formally correspond to Latin letters (except ɡ) use these letters, although this can cause problems in some fonts (e.g. with a vs. ɑ, u vs. ʊ).

The ability to use Unicode to represent phonetic characters is gradually making older systems such as X-SAMPA or Kirshenbaum , which are based on the ASCII system, obsolete . The Unicode block also contains some former IPA characters that are no longer used.

The International Phonetic Alphabet does not distinguish between upper and lower case and consists exclusively of lower case letters. Many of these letters are also used in the alphabets of other languages. These capital letters for these languages are found in the Latin, Extended-B , Latin, Extended-C, and Latin, Extended-D blocks .

table

Unicode number	Characters (400%)	category	Bidirectional class	Official name	description
U + 0250 (592)	ɐɐ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A	Latin Small Letter Rotated A; stands for the almost open central vowel
U + 0251 (593)	ɑɑ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA	Latin Small Letter Alpha; stands for the unrounded open back vowel
U + 0252 (594)	ɒɒ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA	Latin Small Letter Rotated Alpha; stands for the rounded open back vowel
U + 0253 (595)	ɓɓ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter B with Hook; stands for the voiced bilabial implosive
U + 0254 (596)	ɔɔ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O	Latin Small Letter Open O; stands for the rounded half-open rear vowel
U + 0255 (597)	ɕɕ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL	Latin Small Letter C with Rings; stands for the voiceless alveolopalatal fricative
U + 0256 (598)	ɖɖ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL	Latin Small Letter D with Tail; stands for the voiced retroflex plosive
U + 0257 (599)	ɗɗ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter D with Hook; stands for the voiced alveolar implosive
U + 0258 (600)	ɘɘ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E	Latin Small Letter E inverted; stands for the unrounded, semi-closed central vowel
U + 0259 (601)	əə	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA	Latin Small Letter Schwa ; stands for the middle central vowel
U + 025A (602)	ɚɚ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter Schwa with Hook; stands for the rhotic variant of the middle central vowel
U + 025B (603)	ɛɛ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E	Latin Small Letter Open E; stands for the unrounded half-open front tongue vowel
U + 025C (604)	ɜɜ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E	Latin Small Letter Reversed Open E; stands for the unrounded half-open central vowel
U + 025D (605)	ɝɝ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter Inverted Open E with Hook; stands for the rhotic variant of the unrounded half-open central vowel
U + 025E (606)	ɞɞ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E	Latin Small Letter Closed Reversed Open E; stands for the rounded half-open central vowel
U + 025F (607)	ɟɟ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE	Latin Small Letter Dotted J with Stroke; stands for the voiced palatal plosive
U + 0260 (608)	ɠɠ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter G with Hook; stands for the voiced velar implosive
U + 0261 (609)	ɡɡ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G	Latin Small Letter G in Cursive (Script G); stands for the voiced velar plosive
U + 0262 (610)	ɢɢ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G	Latin small capital G; stands for the voiced uvular plosive
U + 0263 (611)	ɣɣ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA	Latin Small Letter Gamma; stands for the voiced velar fricative
U + 0264 (612)	ɤɤ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN	Latin Small Letter Ram Horn; stands for the unrounded, semi-closed back vowel
U + 0265 (613)	ɥɥ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H	Latin Small Letter Rotated H; stands for the voiced labiopalatal approximant
U + 0266 (614)	ɦɦ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter H with Hook; stands for the voiced glottal fricative
U + 0267 (615)	ɧɧ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter Heng with Hook; stands for the two sounds of voiceless postalveolar fricative ( ʃ ) and voiceless velar fricative ( x ) at the same time
U + 0268 (616)	ɨɨ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE	Latin Small Letter I with Stroke; stands for the unrounded closed central vowel
U + 0269 (617)	ɩɩ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA	Latin Small Letter Iota; stood for the unrounded, centralized, almost closed front tongue vowel , has not been IPA-compliant since 1989 (today “ ɪ ”).
U + 026A (618)	ɪɪ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I	Latin small capital I; stands for the unrounded, centralized, almost closed front tongue vowel
U + 026B (619)	ɫɫ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE	Latin Small Letter L with Tilde in the Middle; stands for the velarized or pharyngealized voiced lateral alveolar approximant [⁠ l ⁠]
U + 026C (620)	ɬɬ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT	Latin Small Letter L with Belt; stands for the voiceless lateral alveolar fricative
U + 026D (621)	ɭɭ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK	Latin Small Letter L with Retroflexion Hook; stands for the voiced lateral retroflex approximant
U + 026E (622)	ɮɮ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH	Latin Small Letter Lezh; stands for the voiced lateral alveolar fricative
U + 026F (623)	ɯɯ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M	Latin Small Letter Rotated M; stands for the unrounded closed back vowel
U + 0270 (624)	ɰɰ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG	Latin Small Letter Rotated M with Long Leg; stands for the voiced velar approximant
U + 0271 (625)	ɱɱ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter M with Hook; stands for the voiced labiodental nasal
U + 0272 (626)	ɲɲ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK	Latin Small Letter N with Left Hook; stands for the voiced palatal nasal
U + 0273 (627)	ɳɳ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK	Latin Small Letter N with Retroflexion Hook; stands for the voiced retroflex nasal
U + 0274 (628)	ɴɴ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N	Latin small capital N; stands for the voiced uvular nasal
U + 0275 (629)	ɵɵ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O	Latin Small Letter O with Horizontal Bar; stands for the rounded, semi-closed central vowel
U + 0276 (630)	ɶɶ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE	Latin small caps OE; stands for the rounded open front tongue vowel
U + 0277 (631)	ɷɷ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA	Latin Small Letter Closed Omega; was to 1989 to ʊ parallel to the rounded centralized almost closed back vowel used
U + 0278 (632)	ɸɸ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI	Latin Small Letter Phi; stands for the voiceless bilabial fricative
U + 0279 (633)	ɹɹ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R	Latin Small Letter Rotated R; stands for the voiced alveolar approximant
U + 027A (634)	ɺɺ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG	Latin Small Letter Rotated R with Long Leg; stands for the lateral alveolar flap
U + 027B (635)	ɻɻ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter Rotated R with Hook; stands for the voiced retroflex approximant
U + 027C (636)	ɼɼ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG	Latin Small Letter R with Long Leg; stood for the voiced sharp apicodental vibrant until 1989 , today "r" (increased voiced alveolar vibrant )
U + 027D (637)	ɽɽ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL	Latin Small Letter R with Tail; stands for the voiced retroflex flap
U + 027E (638)	ɾɾ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK	Latin Small Letter R with Fish Hook; stands for the voiced alveolar tap
U + 027F (639)	ɿɿ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK	Latin Small Letter R inverted with Fishhook; is only used in Sinology for the apicodental vowel , otherwise "z" for the syllabic voiced alveolar fricative
U + 0280 (640)	ʀʀ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R	Latin small capital R; stands for the voiced uvular vibrant
U + 0281 (641)	ʁʁ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R	Latin small caps upside down R; stands for the voiced uvular fricative
U + 0282 (642)	ʂʂ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter S with Hook; stands for the voiceless retroflex fricative
U + 0283 (643)	ʃʃ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH	Latin Small Letter Esh ; stands for the voiceless postalveolar fricative
U + 0284 (644)	ʄʄ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK	Latin Small Letter J with Dash and Hook; stands for the voiced palatal implosive
U + 0285 (645)	ʅʅ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH	Latin Small Letter Squat Flipped Esh ; stands for the apical-retroflex vowel ; is only used in Sinology , otherwise “ ? ? "(Increased voiced retroflex fricative )
U + 0286 (646)	ʆʆ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL	Latin Small Letter Esh with Squiggle; stands for the palatalized voiceless postalveolar fricative ; According to the IPA recommendation, it is better to use “ ʃʲ ”
U + 0287 (647)	ʇʇ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T	Latin Small Letter Rotated T; stands for the dental click ; According to the IPA recommendation, it is better to use a vertical line ("\|")
U + 0288 (648)	ʈʈ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK	Latin Small Letter T with Retroflexion Hook; stands for the voiceless retroflex plosive
U + 0289 (649)	ʉʉ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR	Latin Small Letter U with Dash; stands for the rounded closed central vowel
U + 028A (650)	ʊʊ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON	Latin Small Letter Ypsilon; stands for the rounded, centralized, almost closed back vowel
U + 028B (651)	ʋʋ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter V with Hook; stands for the voiced labiodental approximant
U + 028C (652)	ʌʌ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V	Latin Small Letter Rotated V; stands for the unrounded, half-open back vowel
U + 028D (653)	ʍʍ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W	Latin Small Letter Rotated W; stands for the voiceless labiovelar fricative
U + 028E (654)	ʎʎ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y	Latin Small Letter Rotated Y; stands for the voiced lateral palatal approximant
U + 028F (655)	ʏʏ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y	Latin small capital Y; stands for the rounded, centralized, almost closed front tongue vowel
U + 0290 (656)	ʐʐ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK	Latin Small Letter Z with Retroflexion Hook; stands for the voiced retroflex fricative
U + 0291 (657)	ʑʑ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL	Latin Small Letter Z with Ring; stands for the voiced palatoal volar fricative
U + 0292 (658)	ʒʒ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH	Latin Small Letter Z with Understring ; stands for the voiced postalveolar fricative
U + 0293 (659)	ʓʓ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL	Latin Small Letter Z with Oblique Loop; stands for the palatalized voiced postalveolar fricative , for which, according to the IPA recommendation, it is better to use "??"
U + 0294 (660)	ʔʔ	other letter, syllable or ideogram	from left to right	LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP	Latin letter glottic locking sound
U + 0295 (661)	ʕʕ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE	Latin letter voiced pharyngeal fricative
U + 0296 (662)	ʖʖ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP	Latin letter inverted glottic closure sound; used to stand for the lateral click , but according to the IPA recommendation it is better to use " ǁ "
U + 0297 (663)	ʗʗ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C	Latin letter straight C; used to stand for the postalveolar click , but according to the IPA recommendation, it was better for “ ! “Should be used
U + 0298 (664)	ʘʘ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK	Latin letter bilabial click; stands for the bilabial click
U + 0299 (665)	ʙʙ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B	Latin small capital B; stands for the voiced bilabial vibrant
U + 029A (666)	ʚʚ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E	Latin Small Letter Closed Open E; stands for the rounded half-open front tongue vowel , but is not IPA-compliant; better " œ "
U + 029B (667)	ʛʛ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK	Latin small capital G with hook; stands for the voiced uvular implosive
U + 029C (668)	ʜʜ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H	Latin small capital H; stands for the voiceless epiglottal fricative
U + 029D (669)	ʝʝ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL	Latin Small Letter J with Crisscrossing Tails; stands for the voiced palatal fricative
U + 029E (670)	ʞʞ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K	Latin Small Letter Rotated K; was originally proposed for a velar click , but withdrawn by the IPA in 1972 because such a sound is not possible
U + 029F (671)	ʟʟ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L	Latin small capital L; stands for the voiced velar lateral approximant
U + 02A0 (672)	ʠʠ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK	Latin Small Letter Q with Hook; stands for the voiceless uvular implosive ; according to the IPA, however, it is better to use “ ʛ ”
U + 02A1 (673)	ʡʡ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE	Latin letter glottic closure sound with dash; stands for the voiceless epiglottal plosive
U + 02A2 (674)	ʢʢ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE	Latin letter inverted glottic closure sound with line; stands for the voiced epiglottal plosive
U + 02A3 (675)	ʣʣ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH	Latin Small Letter Dz Ligature; stands for the voiced dental affricate and corresponds to [d z ], but is not IPA-compliant
U + 02A4 (676)	ʤʤ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH	Latin Small Letter Dz Ligature with Understring; stands for the voiced postalveolar affricate and corresponds to [d ʒ ], but is not IPA-compliant
U + 02A5 (677)	ʥʥ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL	LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ LIGATURE WITH KINGLE; stands for the voiced alveopalatal affricate and corresponds to [d ʑ ], but is not IPA-compliant
U + 02A6 (678)	ʦʦ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH	LATIN SMALL LETTER TS LIGATURE; stands for the voiceless dental affricate and corresponds to [t s ], but is not IPA-compliant
U + 02A7 (679)	ʧʧ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH	Latin Small Letter T Esh Ligature; stands for the voiceless postalveolar affricate and corresponds to [t ʃ ], but is not IPA-compliant
U + 02A8 (680)	ʨʨ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL	LATIN SMALL LETTER TC LIGATURE WITH KINGLE; stands for the voiceless alveopalatal affricate and corresponds to [t ʃ ], not IPA-compliant
U + 02A9 (681)	ʩʩ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH	Latin Small Letter F-Eng Ligature; stands for the velopharyngeal fricative , not IPA-compliant
U + 02AA (682)	ʪʪ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH	Latin Small Letter LS Ligature; stands for the voiceless alveolateral fricative , not IPA-compliant
U + 02AB (683)	ʫʫ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH	LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ LIGATURE; stands for the voiced alveolateral fricative , not IPA-compliant
U + 02AC (684)	ʬʬ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE	Latin letter bilabial blow , not IPA compliant
U + 02AD (685)	ʭʭ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE	Latin letter bidental punch , not IPA compliant
U + 02AE (686)	ʮʮ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK	Latin Small Letter H with Fishhook; is only used in sinology
U + 02AF (687)	ʯʯ	Lowercase letter	from left to right	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK AND TAIL	Latin Small Letter H with Fishhook and Tail; is only used in sinology

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b Instead E is Epsilon meant (see Unicode Technical Note # 27 ). Since identifiers that have been assigned once are no longer changed by the Unicode consortium for reasons of stability, it was retained.
↑ In fact, this is an upside-down R with fishing and retroflexion hooks (see Unicode Technical Note # 27 ). Since identifiers that have been assigned once are no longer changed by the Unicode consortium for reasons of stability, it was retained.

Graphic board

Representation of the characters as graphics

literature

Johannes Bergerhausen, Siri Poarangan: decodeunicode: The characters of the world Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 2011, ISBN 978-3-87439-813-8 (images of all 109,242 digital characters, including IPA)

Web links

[epsilon-1] Instead E is Epsilon meant (see Unicode Technical Note # 27 ). Since identifiers that have been assigned once are no longer changed by the Unicode consortium for reasons of stability, it was retained.

[2] In fact, this is an upside-down R with fishing and retroflexion hooks (see Unicode Technical Note # 27 ). Since identifiers that have been assigned once are no longer changed by the Unicode consortium for reasons of stability, it was retained.