Zwölfer (mountain name)

Elfer and Zwölfer from Hirschegg in Kleinwalsertal

Twelve or noon is a common part of a mountain name (oronym) for a summit that is in the south of a larger town. There are a few dozen of them in the Alps , including unofficial local names.

The name comes from the fact that the sun at 12 noon - from this place - can (apparently) be seen vertically above this landmark . This is the true noon (sun noon) at the location, which differs from noon of legal time both locally and seasonally.

The Elfer and similar mountain names are to be interpreted in an analogous way . The true local time can only be read approximately from these , because the line in which the sun is at the same hour over the year is not vertical like the 12-hour line.

Nomenclature

The name can be found in many languages, such as French midi , Italian - Rhaeto-Romanic mez [ zo ] di , Slavic * polъ-dьn- →  Slovenian poldne , Austrian-Slovenian. polud- , or Slavic Yug- 'south'.

A Zwölfer-Berg serves as a midday guide . It should be noted that the mountains give true local time .

Most of the mountain and field names on the sun do not belong to this field of terms ; conversely, they refer to the sunny side , the sunny southern slope of a mountain, i.e. they are in the north of the valley town. There are downsides to the south of it .

List of timing mountains

Examples sorted by geographical longitude east to west (i.e. progressing with the sun), with a typical landmark (e.g. local church), with distance / deviation (in coordinate seconds) and azimuth (in time minutes):

Three and more peaks (mountain sundials)

• Neuner [Kofel] (2579 m ⊙ ), tens ( sextener rotwand 2965 m ⊙ ) Penalty [Kofel] / Cima Undici (3092 m ⊙ ), twelve [Kofel] (3094 m ⊙ ), Einser [Kofel] / Cima Una (2698 m ⊙ ) near Sexten in the Dolomites (Sexten sundial ; partly also Arzalpenkopf (2371 m ⊙ ) alsomentionedas figure eight ; derived there Elferturm, Elferscharte, Elferschartenspitz, Kleiner Zwölfer etc.) →  Moos ( ⊙ )
• Zehnerkopf ( 2675  m slm ), Elferspitze ( Cima Undici , 2926  m slm ), Zwölferkopf / Cima Dodici ( 2783  m slm ) →  Rojen am Reschensee ( Rojener sundial )
• Neunerkogel ( 1904  m ), Zehnerkogel ( 1929  m ), Elferkogel ( 2038  m ), Zwölferkogel ( 2102  m ), Totes Gebirge →  Grundlsee - Grünau im Almtal

Twelve with eleven

• Zwölferhorn (1522 m ⊙ ) with Elferstein ( 1376 m ) →  Sankt Gilgen in the Salzkammergut (Pinkenreit chapel ⊙ 2.7 km / 8 ″)
• Mittagskogel (1627 m, ⊙ ) with Elferkopf (1641 m, ⊙ ) →  Irschen in the Gailtal; maybe also Schloss Stein and Pölland
• Cima Dodici ( Cima XII , 2336 m ⊙ ) and Cima Undici (2228 m ⊙ ), Valsugana, Trento →  Borgo Valsugana (church ⊙ 6.5 km / 30 ″)
• Zwölferspitze (2562 m ⊙ ) and Elferspitze (2505 m ⊙ , with Elfertürmen ) →  Neustift im Stubaital , Tyrol
• Zwölferköpfl (1656 m ⊙ ) and Elferköpfl (1412 m) on the northern edge of the Estergebirge →  Ohlstadt , Bavaria
• Zwölferspitze (2594 m ⊙ ) with Elferkopf (2311 m ⊙ ) →  Grießau near Häselgehr in the Lechtal, Tyrol ( wayside cross ⊙ 5.1 km / −5 ″), also plague chapel south and several weathercrossesand trees in the Grießbachtal: Elfer probably for Grießbachalpe
• Zwölferspitze (2511 m ⊙ ) with Elferspitze (2421 m ⊙ ) →  Kaisers im Lechtal, Tyrol (church ⊙ 2.3 km / 17 ″), also Kienberg and Steeg
• Zwölfer [head] (2224 m ⊙ ) and Elfer [head] (2387 m ⊙ ) →  Hirschegg (parish church ⊙ 5 km / 6 ″) and Mittelberg in Kleinwalsertal, Vorarlberg

Twelve

16 ° E

• Mittagstein (1300 m ⊙ ), Rax-Schneeberg area, Lower Austria

15 ° E ( CET  = OZ )

• Zwölferkopf (1263 m ⊙ ), municipality of Eisenkappel-Vellach →  Hirskeusche am Schaidasattel , Carinthia (bridge ⊙ 1.1 km / 3 ″)
• Zwölferbühel (1079 m ⊙ ), in Glödnitztal, Carinthia, with corridor Zwölfer →  Jauernig - Moos (Marterl ⊙ 1.7 km / 1 ″)
• Raukogel ( Mittagstein , 1262 m ⊙ ), Upper Austrian Pre-Alps →  Steinbach am Ziehberg (chapel ⊙ 2.4 km / −5 ″)

14 ° E

• Mittagskogel / Kepa (2145 m ⊙ ) with Kleiner Mittagskogel / Jepca (1815 m ⊙ ), Karawanken → Faaker See
• Mallestiger Mittagskogel / Maloško poldne (1801 m ⊙ ), Karawanken →  Mallestig / Malošče ( branch church ⊙ 4.3 km / 34 ″)
• Techantinger Mittagskogel``Techantinger Mittagskogel '' or '' Truppekogel / Trupejevo poldne '' (1931 m ⊙ ), Karawanken →  Techanting / Teharče, (branch church ⊙ 4.8 km / 43 ″) or farmstead Truppe / Trupej (chapel ⊙ 2 , 3 km / 26 ″)
• Mittagsspitz (2433 m ⊙ ), in Mölltal, Carinthia →  Ausserfragant ( parish church ⊙ 3.8 km / 16 ″)

13 ° E

• Mittagstein (1034 m ⊙ ), Bavarian Forest, Bavaria →  Hundzell near Hohenwarth (chapel ⊙ 4 km / 6 ″)
• Zwölferkogel (1983 m ⊙ ), Kitzbühel Alps →  Hinterglemm - Marten im Glemmtal (Glemmbach bridge ⊙ 1.6 km / 4 ″)
• Mittagskogel (2092 m ⊙ ), Kitzbühel Alps →  Lengau im Glemmtal (chapel ⊙ 4.7 km / 28 ″)
• Zwölferkogel (2182 m ⊙ ), Granatspitzgruppe / Hohe Tauern →  Stuhlfelden im Salzachtal (parish church ⊙ 6.0 km / 9 ″)
• Poludnig (Slov., 1999 m ⊙ ) →  Süßenberg in the Gailtal (Marterl ⊙ 4.3 km / 0 ″)
• Gailtaler Polinik (Slov. Pol half , cf. opoldne : Mittag , 2332 m ⊙ → Kötschach )
• Mölltaler Polinik (Slov. Pol half , cf. opoldne : Mittag , 2784 m ⊙ → Obervellach , Mallnitz )
• Jukbichl (Slov. 'South', 1889 m ⊙ )
• Mötschlach im Gailtal (chapel ⊙ 4.8 km / 0 ″)
• Zwölfer (2404 m ⊙ ), Hohe Tauern, with Zwölferscharte → Wald- Lahn in the Salzachtal (weather cross ⊙ 4.3 km / 8 ″)
• Mittagskopf (1543 m ⊙ ), near Thiersee , North Tyrol → about Ursprungalm ( ⊙ 4 km / 9 ″)

12 ° E

• Zwölferkopf (1513 m ⊙ ), near Steinberg am Rofan , North Tyrol → Obere Bergalm (WirtshausL ⊙ 1.4 km / −4 ″)
• Zwölferkopf (1480 m ⊙ ) →  Pertisau am Achensee, Tyrol (church ⊙ 1.5 km / 11 ″)
• Mittagspitze (2332 m ⊙ ), near Stans im Karwendel, North Tyrol →  Stallenalm ( ⊙ 1.3 km / −3 ″)
• Mittagkopf (1636 m ⊙ ), Karwendel-Nordkette, with Mittagkopfklamm →  Scharnitz (church ⊙ 2 km / 3 ″)
• Mitterzigerkogel (2628 m ⊙ ), northern Sellrainer Mountains, Stubai Alps, North Tyrol →  Rietz ( Unterdorf church ⊙ 5 km / 27 ″)

11 ° E

• Mittagskopf (2616 m ⊙ ), in the Kaunertal, North Tyrol →  Kaunerberg - Prantach (Ebele Chapel ⊙ 3.8 km / 5 ″; also Marterl on the road above ⊙ and below ⊙ )
• Zwölferkopf (2596 m ⊙ ) →  Landeck im Oberinntal, North Tyrol (church ⊙ 7.2 km / 26 ″)
• Zwölferspitze (2416 m ⊙ ) →  Hinterhornbach - Krummenstein im Lechtal, Tyrol (cross ⊙ 2.3 km / −2 ″)
• Zwölferkopf (2310 m ⊙ ) near Reutte in Ausserfern, North Tyrol →  Dürnau (chapel ⊙ 1.9 km / 10 ″)
• Zwölferkopf (2556 m ⊙ ), near St. Jakob am Arlberg in the Stanzertal, North Tyrol
• Mittagspitze (2227 m ⊙ ), near Stanzach im Ausserfern, Lechtal Alps, North Tyrol →  Forchach ( parish church ⊙ 6.8 km / 36 ″ = –16 ^m )
• Mittagkopf (2249 m ⊙ ), near Kappl in Paznaun, Samnaun group, North Tyrol →  Unterbichl (chapel ⊙ 2.3 km / 3 ″ = 15 ^m )
• Mittagspitze (2635 m ⊙ ), in the Stanzertal, North Tyrol →  Schnann ( parish church ⊙ 2.7 km / 13 ″ = 31 ^m )
• Mittagskopf (2735 m ⊙ ), near Ischgl in Paznaun, Samnaun group, North Tyrol, with Mittagsscharte (2635 m) → Marterl on the Alte Straße ( ⊙ 3 km / 4 ″ = 24 ^m )
• Mittagberg (noon , 1451 m ⊙ ), Allgäu Alps →  Immenstadt ( parish church ⊙ 2.5 km / –13 ″)
• Mittagspitze (2370 m ⊙ ), near Warth im Lechtal, Vorarlberg →  Lechleiten (chapel ⊙ 2.4 km / –11 ″ = −14 ^m )
• Mittagsspitze (2441 m ⊙ ), Lechquellen Mountains, Vorarlberg →  Zug am Arlberg
• Mittagstein (2036 m ⊙ ), in Klostertal, Vorarlberg →  Ausserwald (chapel ⊙ 3.3 km / 3 ″ = 4 ^m )

10 ° E

• Mittagsspitze (2665 m ⊙ ), on the Valisera near St. Gallenkirch in the Montafon, Silvretta
• Zwölferkopf (1843 m ⊙ ) near Auserbraz in Klostertal, Vorarlberg
• Tschaggunser Mittagspitze (2168 m ⊙ ), near Tschagguns in Montafon, Rätikon, Vorarlberg
• Damülser Mittagsspitze (2097 m ⊙ ), Hinterer Bregenzerwald, Vorarlberg →  Mellau (parish church ⊙ 4.4 km / 5 "= 16 ^m )
• (Bludenzer) Mittagsspitze (2107 m ⊙ ), near Bürs im Montafon, Rätikon, Vorarlberg
• Zwölferkopf (2271 m ⊙ ) in the Rätikon near Bürs in the Montafon, Vorarlberg, with the Zwölferjoch
• Brandner Mittagspitze (2557 m ⊙ ), in the Brandnertal , Rätikon, Vorarlberg
• Zwölferkopf (1644 m ⊙ ) near Nenzing in Walgau, Vorarlberg

9 ° E

• Mittaggüpfi (1916 m ⊙ ) →  Lifelen , municipality of Schwarzenberg LU ( ⊙ 4.8 km / 1 ″)

7 ° E

• Dents du Midi ( Haute Cime 3258 m ⊙ ) →  Montreux on Lake Geneva (center ⊙ 30 km / 25 ″)
• Aiguille du Midi (3842 m ⊙ ), Mont Blanc massif →  Chamonix - Les Praz / Le Bois ( ⊙ 9 km / 0 ″)

2 ° E

• Pic du Midi de Siguer (2003 m ⊙ ), Pyrenees →  Foix ( ⊙ approx. 25 km / –2'26 ″)

1 ° E

• Pic du Midi de Bigorre (2877 m ⊙ ), Pyrenees →  Bagnères-de-Bigorre (e.g. Eglise Saint-Vincent ⊙ 15 km / 36 ″)

0 ° ( HAZ  = OZ )

• Pic du Midi d'Ossau (2884 m ⊙ ), Pyrenees →  Pau ( ⊙ approx. 50 km / −4'6 ″)

Unsure

• Zwölfer (2146 m ⊙ ), a secondary peak of the Grimming (west a Zehnerspitze , 1879 m ⊙ )
• Unterberg . To germ enterprises , between [-Mahl] is time 'but has a morning, lunch and afternoon snack, so many possibilities; Salzburg High Throne visible from the north ( ⊙ ); there also lunch slot ⊙ → about Freilassing (city parish church ⊙ 14.5 km / 1'9 ″)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Heinz-Dieter Pohl: Mountain and mountain names: Slavic . In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty , Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): An International Handbook of Onomastics / Manuel international d'onomastique / An international handbook on onomastics . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1996, ISBN 978-3-11-014879-4 , chap. 232 , p. 1524-1531 .
2. ↑ ^{a b} Heinz-Dieter Pohl : Mountain names. In: members.chello.at. Retrieved July 24, 2017 . 
3. ↑ below, m. (f., n.) . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm : German Dictionary . Hirzel, Leipzig 1854–1961 ( woerterbuchnetz.de , University of Trier).

Notes on individual mountains:

1. ↑ Time-shifted, see note on the Faakerseeregion
2. ↑ At Ohlstadt there is also an Osterfeuerspitze , 1368 m, in front of the Zwölferköpfl.
3. ↑ No place north of the Mittagstein, perhaps in the area of ​​the mountain station of the Schneebergbahn (built in 1897, the name would then be young); See photo of the Schneeberg, seen from Mittagsstein in Mittagsstein and Krumbachstein on July 7th , 2007 , Landschaftsfotos.at (accessed January 10, 2015).
4. ↑ ^{a b c} If you compare the lines to the eponymous village of the other two Mittagskogel in the Faakerseeregion, the Techantinger and Mallestiger Mittagskogel, the old Gothic wayside shrine ⊙ (9 km / 41 ″) near Egg am Faakersee would come into consideration for the large Mittagskogel To the north would be Ledenitzen- Oberferlach (Oberferlach chapel ⊙ 7.5 km / 7 ″) - then the traditional local time would “go ahead” around a quarter of an hour there.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Of the Montafon mountains, especially the interior have no landmark in the north. But if the parish church of Nüziders , St. Peter zu Bludenz monastery , and the parish churches of Tschagguns and St. Gallenkirch, respectively, would have been set at exactly 1 p.m. (–1 ^h azimuth) for the midday peaks into the valley , then the clocks would have been set to this time; the intervening Zwölferkopf could then later be named for the modern standard time, Brandner Mittagspitze, Zwölferkopf and Bludenzer Mittagsspitze would then refer to Thuringia (Vorarlberg) , Nüziders / Bürs and St. Laurentius in Bludenz; The Walgauer as well as the Klostertaler Zwölferkopf are also lacking secure payments. The addition “Brandner -” can be seen purely in terms of landscape after the valley, the place is on the west foot.
   
6. ↑ The addition "Damüls" after the place to the south is one of alpinism.
7. ↑ http://www.montreux-veytaux-ediths-bnb.ch/sights/dents_du_midi.html (link not available)
8. ↑ Twelve without a plausible landmark; the point of ten to the west is amazing, as a ten should be east of the twelve.

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