Bobstadt (Bürstadt)

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Bobstadt
City of Bürstadt
Coat of arms of Bobstadt
Coordinates: 49 ° 39 ′ 48 ″  N , 8 ° 26 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 90 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 2592  (Jun. 2011)
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 68642
Area code : 06245
Protestant church
town hall

Bobstadt is a district of Bürstadt in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Bobstadt is located northwest of the core town of Bürstadt in the Hessian Ried . The almost board-level and predominantly agricultural area extends south of the Weschnitz to the Mühlgraben , which forms the border to the Bürstadt area.

The nearby towns are in the south of the central city Bürstadt, in the West Hofheim , north Biblis and, a little further away, to the east Einhausen .

history

middle Ages

The first mention of Bobstadt is in the Lorsch Codex , a property register of the monastery, when " Consecrated Eufemia, daughter of Count Cancor " gave her goods in Villa et marca Babestat to the Lorsch monastery on October 1st, 776 . Another entry is made for the year 782, after which her brother Heinrich also bequeathed his property in Bobstadt to Lorsch Abbey. Count Concor is named in the Lorsch Code as the founder of the monastery. That Bobstadt belonged to the "Mark Heppenheim" and thus to the direct sphere of influence of the Lorsch monastery has not been proven. In contrast, it has been handed down that the village and district of Bobstadt belonged to the diocese of Worms in 1427 when Peter von Wattenheim received goods in Bobstadt from the Worms bishop as a fief . With his death in 1440 these reverted to the diocese. In 1443 Konrad von Frankenstein known to have received the village and court of Bobstadt as a fiefdom, as well as castle and man fiefs for the stone from Bishop Johann von Worms (Johann II. Von Fleckenstein ).

The origins of Stein Castle go back to the time of the Romans, who operated a port on what was then the Rhine. The square was temporarily forgotten until it was given as a Zullenstein to the Lorsch Monastery as a royal property in 805. In the year 995 the place was mentioned as "place stone" when Emperor Otto III. At the request of the Lorsch abbot Salmann, the village Stein was granted market rights. After 1100 the harbor seems to have silted up and the Bishop of Worms owned the place, which he converted into a castle. In 1232 the Niederungsburg "Burg Stein" was a cellar for the worms villages Bobstadt, Lampertheim , Hofheim and Nordheim . In 1387, Worms Bishop Eckard von Worms , who was in financial difficulties, pledged half of the office of Stein and the castle for 23,000 Rhenish guilders , as well as the town of Ladenburg to his patron, Count Palatine Ruprecht I. The rights and income of the pledged area were divided and subordinated to the Palatinate Oberamt Heidelberg .

Early modern age

The place and the court in Bobstadt remained fiefs of the Frankenstein noble family until 1780.

Bobstadt belonged to the area of common law , which was valid here without the superimposition of particular law. This retained its validity even while the membership of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the 19th century, until 1 January 1900 by the same across the whole German Reich current Civil Code was replaced.

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the Palatinate War of Succession, during which the region suffered heavy losses in people and goods, fell during the Frankenstein period . The years 1632 and 1632 were particularly bad when the plague decimated the population and after 1635 when France intervened in the war, its bloodiest chapter began. The chroniclers from that time reported: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". After the end of the Thirty Years' War through the Peace of Westphalia , the Palatinate Elector Karl Ludwig and the neighboring Elector of Mainz, Johann Philipp von Schönborn , agree on a number of contentious legal positions in the “Regensburg Recess” in 1653 . So it was determined that the Catholic faith would be reinstated in Wattenheim and that a Reformed parish with branches in Hofheim and Bobstadt would be established in Nordheim.

In the years 1688–1697, the Palatinate War of Succession, provoked by France, raged, which exposed the area between the Rhine and Bergstrasse to various types of destruction and thus partially destroyed the reconstruction efforts after the Thirty Years' War. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine again. From this time it was reported: "On the Bergstrasse and in the whole country there is great dying and famine." And in the parish of Gernsheim the year 1689 is written Annuus Feralis ( Year of Terror) in the Book of the Dead .

In 1780 Johann Friedrich Joseph Carl Xaver Freiherr von Frankenstein exchanged the place for the fourth part of the village Dornassenheim and other slopes with the diocese of Worms. With the exchange, Bobstadt belonged to Worms Office Lampertheim, which in the meantime she had taken over from the office at Stein Castle.

From the 19th century until today

Bobstadt becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine of the Worms diocese was annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . He ordered the dissolution of the Diocese of Worms and assigned the Office of Lampertheim to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt as compensation for lost areas on the left bank of the Rhine, which it assigned to the " Principality of Starkenburg ". On September 10, 1802, Hessian troops had already occupied the Lampertheim office even before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss came into force.

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion.

After the final defeat of Napoléon, the Congress of Vienna regulated the territorial situation in Germany in 1814/15. The affiliation of the “Principality of Starkenburg” to the Grand Duchy was confirmed, whereupon the area was renamed the Province of Starkenburg .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Bobstadt joining the district of Heppenheim . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Lorsch was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Heppenheim . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Hofheim was also responsible for Bobstadt. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The "Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse" reports on Bobstadt in 1829:

»Bobstadt (L. Bez. Heppenheim) cath. and evangel. Filialdorf, is 3 St. from Heppenheim and has 45 houses and 238 Catholic. and 87 evangelical protest. Pop. The village belonged to the diocese of Worms and came to Hesse in 1802. "

In the 19th century Bobstadt was hit several times by severe floods from the Rhine. On November 3, 1824 the Reuter dike broke near Nordheim and large parts of the Hessian Ried , especially Bobstadt, were flooded. When the Rhine flooded in the winter of 1882/83, Bobstadt was again badly affected.

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district alongside the Bensheim district. Bobstadt has now been assigned to the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

In the newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states from 1845 the following entry can be found:

»Bobstadt b. Heppenheim. - village, for evangel. Parish church Nordheim and Catholic parish church Hofheim belonging. - 45 H. 325 E. (including 87 Lutheran). - Grand Duke. Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - Bensheim district. - Lorsch District Court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village belonged to the diocese of Worms and came to Hesse in 1802. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Bobstadt now became part of the Heppenheim district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Bobstadt: Catholic and Protestant branch village with 513 inhabitants. The district consists of 1759 acres , 1414 acres of arable land, 172 acres of meadows and 115 acres of forest. In 1852 a school and town hall was built, which is still in use today as a community center. In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the branch village Bobstadt with its own mayor's office, 79 houses, 478 inhabitants, the district of Heppenheim, the Lorsch district court, the Protestant parish Hofheim with the deanery in Zwingenberg and the Catholic parish Hofheim des Dean's office Bensheim, indicated.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation, and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms was decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Bobstadt into the Bensheim district .

At the end of the 19th century, the industrial age slowly heralded itself in Bobstadt. On the Rhine in 1842 something new happened on the steam boats of a Worms entrepreneur who had ships called “The Eagles of the Upper Rhine” operate between Mannheim and Mainz. In 1861 a post office was set up in Bobstadt. Further improvements to the infrastructure result from the construction of railway lines. In 1869 the opening of the Nibelungen Railway from Worms via Lorsch to Bensheim was celebrated, where it was connected to the Rhein-Neckar Railway , which was completed in 1846 . Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. In the same year Bobstadt received a train stop on the Riedbahn , which was operated by the Hessian Ludwigsbahn . On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire . The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted.

The Catholic population of Bobstadt formed its own parish in 1913, but remained a branch of the St. Michael parish in Hofheim until 1958. It was not until 1927 that a wooden emergency church was built for the then only small minority of Catholics.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development in Bobstadt as in the entire German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Bobstadt also had many casualties, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In Hesse, on July 3, 1933, the "Law for the implementation of field clearing for the purpose of creating jobs in the course of the redevelopment" was passed. In 13 municipalities in the Starkenburg province, including Bobstadt, the field clearing procedure was ordered over an area of ​​200,000 ha. In the course of this amelioration and settlement program, the two places Riedrode and Worms-Rosengarten were created .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse . Bobstadt, however, came to the Worms district , which at that time belonged to Rheinhessen .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945, after the end of the Second World War, the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation, and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged within its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Bobstadt also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war . In 1952 the Protestant congregation received its own church and in 1963 the Catholic congregation of St. Josef, which had been independent since 1958, also received a new church.

In 1961 the district size was given as 447  hectares , of which 17 hectares were forest.

Bobstadt voluntarily joined the city of Bürstadt on December 31, 1971 as part of the regional reform in Hesse . For Bobstadt, as for Riedrode, a local district with a local advisory council and local councilor was formed according to the Hessian municipal code.

In 1976 Bobstadt celebrated its 1200th anniversary. As part of these celebrations, the multi-purpose hall was given its purpose. It serves as a school gymnasium and a venue for cultural events. In 1988 the Bobstadt volunteer fire brigade received a new fire station .

Courts after 1821

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Lorsch regional court in the Heppenheim district was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts. This led to the renaming of the Lorsch District Court and allocation to the district of the Darmstadt District Court .

On October 1, 1934, the Lorsch district court was dissolved and from the district of the district court the place Hofheim was assigned to the district court Worms , the place Bobstadt and the city Bürstadt to the district court Lampertheim and with Lorsch the remaining places were assigned to the district court Bensheim .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Bobstadt was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 231 inhabitants, 42 houses
• 1829: 238 inhabitants, 45 houses
• 1867: 478 inhabitants, 79 houses
Bobstadt: Population from 1806 to 2014
year     Residents
1806
  
 231
1824
  
 338
1829
  
 238
1834
  
 318
1840
  
 420
1846
  
 486
1852
  
 513
1858
  
 495
1864
  
 498
1871
  
 431
1875
  
 458
1885
  
 489
1895
  
 563
1905
  
 614
1910
  
 657
1925
  
 786
1939
  
 814
1946
  
 1.101
1950
  
 1,188
1956
  
 1,259
1961
  
 1,458
1967
  
 1,798
1970
  
 1.994
1988
  
 2,258
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 2,592
2014
  
 2,785
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 87 Evangelical-Protestant (= 26.77%) and 238 Catholic (= 73.23%) residents
• 1961: 435 Protestant (= 29.84%), 1011 Catholic (= 69.34%) residents

politics

For Bobstadt there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Bobstadt) with a local advisory board and local mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of nine members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had four members of the SPD , four members of the CDU and one member of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen . Mayor is Uwe Metzner (Greens).

traffic

Federal road 44 ran through Bobstadt until the eastern bypass was built . It comes from Mannheim in the south and leads via Gernsheim and Groß-Gerau to Frankfurt am Main in the north. At the northern end of the village it crossed the Riedbahn , where there is a stop in Bobstadt . The line has now been expanded for high-speed traffic up to 200 km / h.

Since the completion of the bypass, there has been a junction from the federal road between Bobstadt and the core city, which runs as state road L 3411 through Frankensteinstraße to Hofheim.

Web links

Commons : Bobstadt  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  2. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 79-80 .
  3. ^ Burg Stein at GG-online ( Memento from October 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 20, 2015
  4. ↑ a b Local history of Nordheim. Biblis parish, December 31, 2012, archived from the original on December 11, 2014 ; accessed on December 15, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Arthur B. Schmidt: The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 102f u. Note 12.
  6. ↑ a b c City Chronicle of Bürstadt. City of Bürstadt, accessed on February 14, 2015 .
  7. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  8. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 21st f . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 157 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  11. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  13. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 335 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 14 ( online at google books ).
  15. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  16. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  17. ↑ Timeline of the community of Biblis. (1900-1944). In: website. Biblis parish, accessed December 15, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  19. ↑ a b c d Bobstadt, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of July 12, 2013). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 30, 2013 .
  20. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  21. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 28 kB) §; 5. In: Website. City of Bürstadt, accessed February 2019 .
  22. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  23. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  24. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  25. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  26. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  27. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  28. ↑ Bobstadt local advisory board. In: website. City of Bürstadt, accessed November 2019 .
  29. ↑ Green Uwe Metzner is head of the village. In: Tip Südhessen. May 6, 2016, accessed December 2019 .