Synagogue Rödingen

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LVR-Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen
Data
place Titz- Rödingen , Germany
Art
Former synagogue with permanent exhibition on rural Rhenish Jewry
operator
Regional Association of Rhineland
Website
ISIL DE-MUS-060720
House of the former mayor from 1841

The profaned synagogue in Rödingen (municipality of Titz in the Düren district ) is one of the few surviving regional synagogues in the Rhineland .

The building is hidden in Rödingen behind the former home of the synagogue director Isaak Ullmann on the street “Mühlenend”, house number 1. On September 6, 2009, the Rhineland Regional Council (LVR) opened the “LVR- Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen” with a permanent exhibition in the ensemble of buildings on the subject of "Jewish life in the Rhineland". The Kulturhaus is a project of the LVR Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History . It presents a wide range of cultural events. Guided tours of the Rödingen Jewish cemetery are also offered.

history

Jewish community of Rödingen

A small Jewish community already existed in the Middle Ages . The earliest mention of it comes from the year 1271. At the time of the Guter Werner persecution in 1287 and during the persecution of the Jews at the time of the Black Death in 1349, Rödinger were victims of pogroms . The Nuremberg memorandum lists eight unnamed persons for the latter event. The church went under.

In the early modern period , Jews again settled in Rödingen. In the 17th century a Jewish community existed again , in 1672 a Judengasse and in 1745 a Jewish cemetery are mentioned . The community was part of the rural Jews of the Duchy of Jülich-Berg . From 1808 to 1847 (?) The congregation belonged to the Krefeld Consistory , since then it was a branch congregation of the Jülich synagogue congregation until 1926. In 1843 Jews from the surrounding villages of Oberembt , Tollhausen and Kirchtroisdorf also belonged to the Rödinger community , the latter three places being in the Bergheim district . Kirchtroisdorf was added to the Elsdorf community in 1854.

Synagogue and ruler's house

Since 1820 there was a prayer room in Isaak Ullmann's house. In 1841 he demolished the house and built a new house in the same place. In the same year the Jewish community received permission to build a synagogue . The building was erected on the property of Issak Ullmann, who was also the head of the community, in the courtyard of his house. In 1849 he donated the synagogue to the special Jewish community in Rödingen.

The last church services there probably took place around 1900, as the Jewish community was no longer able to provide a minyan . In 1926 only three Jewish people lived in the village, including the single Sibiila Ullmann, the daughter of Issak Ullmann. Therefore, the Jülich synagogue community dissolved the Rödingen branch community in February of the same year. In 1934, under the economic pressure of the Nazi era , the heirs of the synagogue builder were forced to sell the property with the former synagogue and the residential building. Sibilla Ullmann moved into the Jewish retirement home in Rheydt. From there she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1942 .

The new owner was a Catholic showman family who went to local folk festivals with their amusement ride , a children's carousel . The synagogue was now used as a workshop, where the carousel was repaired every winter and given a new coat of paint.

It is thanks to this fact that the Rödingen synagogue, which has now been used for purposes other than intended, escaped the pogroms of 1938 .

In the house you can find traces of sacred objects of the two religions, which the respective house residents practiced. Traces of the Mezuzot can be seen on the entrance door and the doors of the interior rooms . The silhouettes of crosses can be seen over some doors .

Monument entry

Presentation of the main characteristic features of these architectural monuments :

The last remaining synagogue in the Düren district was built in 1841/42. The small brick building is located on the rear part of the property and can only be reached through the front building. In spite of its desolate condition, the synagogue building is of particular importance, because due to the fact that it is "forgotten" it reproduces an original condition that is otherwise unlikely to be found. The type of country synagogue from the middle of the 19th century has been vividly handed down here. Above all, characteristic features of a Jewish cult area have been preserved inside, such as B. the niche for the Torah shrine , the women's gallery , wall paintings . In view of the destruction of synagogues during the Reichspogromnacht , this object is of great documentation value.

The front building, the house of the special synagogue chief in 1934, has undergone changes in the exterior structure after war damage, but due to its specific history belongs to the listed ensemble and completes the testimonial value. The front building was built together with the synagogue in 1841/42. Until then, there was already a Jewish prayer room at this location . So this is a location that has long existed as the center of the Jewish religious community.

Accordingly, the two objects are important for human history. Their preservation is in the public interest for reasons of religious history, local and social history as well as architectural history. The requirements for entry in the municipal list of monuments are fulfilled in accordance with § 3 DSchG NRW .

See also Titz Monument List No. 90, entry: July 3, 1996

Culture house

In 1999 the Landschaftsverband Rheinland acquired the listed building ensemble in order to save it from further deterioration and to revitalize it. During the Open Monument Days , the public could visit the ensemble of buildings. From autumn 2006 the buildings were renovated. On September 6, 2009, the Rhineland Regional Council opened the “LVR-Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen” here.

The Rhineland Regional Association is showing a permanent exhibition on the subject of "Jewish life in the Rhineland" in the building. The focus is on rural Jewry, in the 19th century the majority of Rhenish Jews lived in villages and small towns .

Permanent exhibition and synagogue

The exhibition was set up in the former home. Each room is dedicated to a topic. The media room with the reference library is located on the ground floor , where the film about the Rödingen synagogue is shown, The Aunt with the synagogue in the courtyard. Shown from the life of Rhenish rural Jews . The family room introduces five generations of the Ullmann family, in a short film Ellen Eliel-Wallach tells about her great-aunt Sibilla Ullmann. The Jewish dietary laws are explained in the former kitchen . On the upper floor the rooms are dedicated to the history of the house and the synagogue, the traces of Jewish life in Rödingen, the history of Rhenish Judaism and the Jewish religion . The visitor enters the former synagogue via an inner courtyard. The niche where the Torah shrine was set up, the bracket to which the Ner Tamid was attached, and the wooden women's gallery are still preserved here.

Museum education

Individual visitors to the permanent exhibition can receive further information via an audio system in German and English. The house of culture offers themed group tours in the synagogue, in the mansion and in the village for adults, young people and school classes. The village tour leads to the former Judengasse and the Jewish cemetery.

Offers for children

  • Children of primary school age are offered special tours on the topic of kosher cuisine.
  • A rally leads through the synagogue, permanent exhibition and village.
  • In the inner courtyard of the Kulturhaus, a specially designed MEMORSPIEL , a board game for couples , can be played with large-format, weatherproof playing cards on Jewish topics.
  • Cuboid cubes , each side of which shows a motif from the state synagogue, can be built up in a puzzle to form a vertical, high wall.

App

With the BIPARCOURS app Das Quiz , visitors discover Jewish life in the Rhineland in a playful way and go on a search for clues in the synagogue. The app was developed in cooperation with the education partner NRW and is available free of charge for Android and iOS devices

Events

The LVR-Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen is used as a cultural venue for readings, book presentations, lectures, workshops, seminars, films and concerts. Some of these events are presented below:

  • In the series of events Life Stories. In conversation with , people of Jewish origin tell about their lives, including Ellen Eliel-Wallach, the great-granddaughter of the Rödingen synagogue founder.
  • Exhibits of the permanent exhibition are presented and explained; such as the Torawimpel (formerly from Bielefeld), the Sabbath lamp (from the Rhineland) and the Menorah (formerly Vettweiß synagogue ).
  • The documentary film Im Himmel, unter der Erde about the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee was presented by the director Britta Wauer who traveled specially .
  • Cordula Lissner and Ursula Reuter from the Cologne learning and memorial site Jawne reported on the Kindertransporte from NRW in 1938/39 .
  • In May, the International Museum Day instead. The workshop - My Name in Hebrew is offered to visitors .
  • In September the house invites you to the Open Monument Day .
  • Another event in September is the European Day of Jewish Culture at the Kulturhaus . For this purpose, the event series Jewish Metropolis as a guest in the regional synagogue was developed for Rödingen . On this day, the Jewish life of a city is presented with lectures, films and other program items. So far it has been Tel Aviv, Frankfurt, Berlin and Curacao , the latter is an important place in the Jewish history of America.
  • The Rödingen state synagogue also takes part in the Jewish Culture Days in the Rhineland .
  • At the Rödingen " Kornelius Market", the traditional market day during the local fair in September, guided tours of the house are offered.
  • The state synagogue will be presented with an information stand on the "Archeology Day" of the Titz-Höllen branch of the LVR Office for Monument Preservation and on the LVR's "Encounter Day" in Cologne-Deutz, an inclusive festival for people with and without disabilities.
  • The conference " Yiddish in the Rhineland. In the footsteps of the languages ​​of the Jews" was organized in cooperation with the language department of the LVR Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History .

Reference library

More than 50 Judaica books, especially on the history and culture of Rhenish Judaism, can be viewed in the reference library . The spectrum ranges from overall historical presentations, local and regional literature , autobiographies from the Rhineland, literature on religion, cookbooks, children's books to the French comic series The Rabbi's Cat by the draftsman Joann Sfar . The standard works “Fire on Your Sanctuary” are available. Destroyed synagogues in 1938 North Rhine-Westphalia , by Michael Brocke, and Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part I: Cologne region and part II Düsseldorf region by Elfi Pracht-Jörns . Even if the Kulturhaus does not see itself as a memorial , the memorial books of the Federal Archives are in the book inventory.

Museum shop

Kippot , literature and films on Rhenish Judaism as well as museum educational material are offered. The MEMORSGAME mentioned above (this version has small-sized playing cards) can be purchased. Those interested in the Hebrew alphabet will find stencils , fridge magnets and printed rulers .

public relation

The Kulturhaus operates a website and a Facebook presence. Interested parties can also receive information about the events through a newsletter . Flyers are also created for this purpose . A flyer, which is also available in English, provides information about the permanent exhibition and the state synagogue. At various events, interested parties have the opportunity to have their first name printed on a button in Hebrew characters .

Accessibility

The website offers detailed information on accessibility , people with walking difficulties and wheelchair users as well as sign language videos .

Steles

Since May 2016, three steles in the public space have provided information about Jewish places in the village. You are opposite the Vorsteherhaus, at the beginning of the former Judengasse (location Korneliuskapelle) and the Jewish cemetery. They all have a "view" of the object to be presented by means of a window. With the help of Braille , blind and visually impaired people can also obtain information.

gallery

  • Courtyard view of the residential building

  • Courtyard view of the synagogue

  • Gallery in the synagogue

  • Synagogue window

Publications

literature

  • Monika Grübel: Titz-Rödingen synagogue and ruler's house. Past present Future. Published by the Rhineland Regional Council. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-7927-1838-3 .
  • Alexander Schmalz: LVR-Kulturhaus, Landsynagoge Rödingen: discover Jewish life in the Rhineland! , Medien und Dialog Schubert, Haigerloch 2012, ISBN 978-3-933231-44-4 (English edition ISBN 978-3-933231-45-1 ).
  • Monika Grübel, Peter Honnen (editor): Yiddish in the Rhineland. In the footsteps of the languages ​​of the Jews , a publication by the LVR Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History and the LVR Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen, Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8375-0886-4 .

Educational material

  • Monika Grübel, Judith Rust, Alexander Schmalz (idea and realization): MEMORSPIEL , LVR-Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen, Rödingen 2011. This board game shows motifs of Jewish life in the Rhineland on 64 playing cards .
  • LVR-Kulturhaus, Landsynagoge Rödingen (publisher): Rally. Children in the synagogue . The brochure for children has 24 pages.
  • Alexander Schmalz: Worksheet My Name in Hebrew

Movies

  • Barbara Stupp (script and direction), Monika Grübel (booklet and editing): The aunt with the synagogue in the courtyard. From the life of rural Jews from the Rhineland. 26 minutes. A production by the Rhineland Media Center on behalf of the Cultural Office of the Rhineland Regional Council. VHS cassette, Düsseldorf 2002. DVD with extensive booklet, Düsseldorf 2005.
  • Monika Grübel, Dagmar Hänel, Alexander Schmalz (script and direction): The main thing is not a pig. Kosher and halal live in the Rhineland. 40 minutes. A film by the LVR Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History and the LVR Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen. DVD with extensive booklet (24 pages, 13 images), Cologne / Leverkusen 2013/14.

Literature (selection)

  • Hermann-Josef Paulißen: Genealogy, family structure and economic conditions of the Jews in the northern Jülich region in the 19th century. Verlag der Joseph-Kuhl-Gesellschaft, Jülich 2007, ISBN 978-3-932903-16-8 ( Forum Jülich History 47), (At the same time: Cologne, Univ., Diss., 2006).
  • Monika Grübel: The LVR-Kulturhaus Landsynagoge Rödingen. From a crumbling ensemble of buildings to a lively location for events and learning , In: Yearbook of the District of Düren 2013, Düren 2012, pp. 77–84.

Web links

Commons : Synagoge Rödingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Corpus of sources on the history of the Jews in the late medieval empire, ed. Alfred HAVERKAMP and Jörg R. MÜLLER, Trier, Mainz 2011, NM01, No. 10, URL: http://www.medieval-ashkenaz.org/NM01/CP1-c1-0018.html (May 16, 2015)
  2. ↑ Film excerpt  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.medienzentrum-rheinland.lvr.de  

Coordinates: 50 ° 57 ′ 55.6 ″  N , 6 ° 27 ′ 40.3 ″  E