Fire department in Bavaria

	Fire Brigade ; Bavaria
	Emergency number : 112
	staff
Active; (without youth):	326,000
Volunteer rate:	96.9%
Quota for women:	7.7%
Youth fire brigade :	approx. 48,000
bases
Total number:	7901
division
Voluntary weirs	7672
Plant fire brigades	179
Company fire departments	43
Professional fire departments	7th
Calls
Total number:	approx. 237,000
Distribution according to type of use
Fire operations	20,000
Technical operations	141,000
Other uses	66,000
State of the data	2013

The fire service in Bavaria is organized in a similar way to that in other German countries. The Bavarian fire brigade coat of arms, which has been used in this form since 1947, serves as a symbol for the Bavarian fire brigades . According to Art. 30 GG and Art. 70 GG, the legislative competence lies with the states. According to Art. 83, Section 1 of the Bavarian Constitution , the task of "fire protection" is the responsibility of the municipalities. The creation of a facility for “fire safety” is also the task of the municipalities in accordance with Art. 57, Paragraph 1 of the “Municipal Code for the Free State of Bavaria”, the districts have to take further measures within the meaning of Art. 51, Paragraph 2 of the “ Landkreisordnung for the Free State of Bavaria ". The Bavarian Fire Brigade Act (BayFwG) and the ordinance for the implementation of the Bavarian Fire Brigade Act (AVBayFwG) are the legal bases for fire services in Bavaria.

Bavarian fire brigade coat of arms

organization

In Bavaria, the organization and setting up of public fire brigades is primarily the responsibility of the municipalities . 1 1 "The municipal fire departments are public institutions of the communities." Under Article para BayFwG the defensive are: Sun, 1, Article 4 sentence 2 BayFwG.... Fire protection and the technical emergency service a mandatory task every community. According to Art. 110 sentence 1 GO , the responsible district office is the legal supervisory authority of the municipality belonging to the district; the government according to Art. 110 sentence 3 GO superior legal supervisory authority. For municipalities not belonging to a district, the respective government is the legal supervisory authority according to Art. 110 sentence 2 GO and the Ministry of the Interior according to sentence 4 is the upper legal supervisory authority. According to Art. 108 GO, the supervisory authorities also advise.

The counties procure, maintain or subsidize under Art. 2 BayFwG the "vehicles over locally required, equipment and facilities" (ibid.). In each rural district or urban district, the following special management ranks are to be determined (cf. III. Section of the BayFwG): District Fire Council (KBR) as the top manager, District Fire Inspectors (KBI) and District Fire Supervisors (KBM). The districts are mostly divided into smaller areas, so-called inspection areas. Depending on the circumstances, these were formed in the former administrative boundaries of the old rural districts before the administrative reform in 1972 , landscape, regional or other delimitations. One district fire inspector is responsible for each inspection area. Within these inspection areas there are further subdivisions into district fire chief areas, which are formed within the areas of a large community or several communities. There are seldom other delimitations. One district fire chief is responsible for each district fire chief. The special executives visit fire brigades, help design (regional) exercises or training and are available as advisors to the fire brigades and the district administrative authority (cf. Art. 19 BayFwG). In addition to the KBM assigned to the areas, there are also the specialist district fire supervisors who report directly to the district fire council. They have no area to look after, but a special subject area that they perceive for the whole district, e.g. B. as district youth fire brigade warden , hazardous goods , NBC protection , radio communications or respiratory protection .

In urban districts, the organization is comparable according to Art. 21 BayFwG, but there is no KBR, KBI or KBM, but the city fire council (SBR), city fire inspector (SBI) and city fire supervisor (SBM) as deputies. If there is no professional fire brigade , the commander is the most resourceful (within the meaning of Art. 16 (2) BayFwG) volunteer fire brigade of the municipality of Stadtbrandrat (or in the case that there is only one volunteer fire brigade, the commander of the same). The head of the fire brigade ( commander ) in large district towns belonging to the district carries the title of town fire inspector , his deputy is the town fire chief . For all of this, Art. 21 BayFwG applies in detail.

There is no longer an internal fire brigade management level above the cities and districts, as is customary in other federal states. Here the coordination and management only takes place at the administrative level in the government districts and the Ministry of the Interior . The Ministry of the Interior publishes its own magazine for the fire brigades and the other disaster protection organizations with the fire watch .

In larger cities with over 100,000 inhabitants, professional fire departments can also be formed. Here the head of the professional fire brigade is also responsible for looking after the volunteer fire brigades that exist in parallel and is authorized to issue instructions. There are currently professional fire departments in Augsburg , Fürth , Ingolstadt , Munich , Nuremberg , Regensburg and Würzburg .

Each fire brigade is headed by a commander and a deputy commander, and in exceptional cases, two deputy commanders. They are supported - depending on the situation in the community - by group leaders or even train leaders , youth fire brigade control rooms, equipment control rooms , respiratory protection equipment control staff and other functionaries.

If several volunteer fire brigades are active in a municipality (which is the rule rather than the exception due to the municipal reform of the 1970s) the commander with the greatest operational value (usually the commander of the fire department of the municipality's capital) is automatically the "lead commander" of the city or Local community. The chosen and confirmed commander of the base defense automatically assumes this position. You cannot resign from the position of “Lead Commander” alone, or you cannot refuse it. The lead commander is responsible for the cooperation of all city or community defense. However, not all municipalities have the function of the lead commander actively carried out in order to prevent any discrepancies between the fire departments.

The fire brigade service regulations (FwDV) as well as the leaflets and instructor guides that are published by the State Fire Brigade School in Würzburg are used as the basis for training.

Fire service providers can hold various ranks . Visibly, these are mainly worn on the uniform .

Almost all volunteer fire brigades also have a fire service association . Although there is a legal difference between the public fire brigade and the fire brigade association, they are mostly one unit on site. According to the Bavarian Fire Brigade Act, the emergency services are usually provided by the fire brigade associations, but this is not an absolute requirement. In addition to the task of recruiting members, the holding of events also generates funds that directly benefit the equipment of the fire services. This enables fire brigades to maintain the standard, especially in financially weak municipalities. Many fire brigade associations also see themselves as cultural bearers, especially when it comes to maintaining customs. The associations are organized according to the association law principles of the civil code . For this purpose, the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior issued a model statute. According to this, the associations usually have a chairman and deputy, a secretary and a cashier who form the board (the chairmen are therefore often referred to colloquially as the board). In addition, there is the board of directors, in which, in addition to the board of directors, there are also functions of active duty, such as commanders, equipment control, and youth fire officers. Active and passive representatives are also on the board, who are supposed to represent the interests of the respective member states.

Associations

The Bavarian umbrella organization of fire services is the “ Landesfeuerwehrverband Bayern e. V. (LFV Bayern e.V.) ". As members of the “Werkfeuerwehrverband Bayern e. V. "and the" Working Group of Heads of Professional Fire Brigades Bavaria (AGBF Bayern) "the seven district fire brigade associations (BFV). These in turn have the district fire brigade associations (KFV) existing in their area as members . In contrast to most other federal states, the district fire brigade associations have the existing fire brigade associations of the individual fire brigades as regular members. The municipalities can only be sponsoring members. The fire brigade associations are always structured in the same way and, in addition to the board of directors, also consist of the various specialist areas in which attempts are made to develop solutions, take a position and exert influence on the various fire brigade issues. We work closely with the authorities, municipal umbrella organizations and other disaster protection organizations. The Bavarian Youth Fire Brigade is the umbrella organization of youth fire brigades that is part of the LFV Bayern . The LFV Bayern e. V., as a state fire brigade association, is a member of the German Fire Brigade Association (DFV). The newsletter of the LFV Bayern is the magazine Florian Come .

Fire schools

There are a total of three state fire brigade schools , which in Bavaria are called "State Fire Brigade Schools (SFS)". They are located in Würzburg ( SFS Würzburg ), Lappersdorf bei Regensburg ( SFS Regensburg ) and Geretsried ( SFS Geretsried ) and are directly subordinate to the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior and for Integration. Each of the three fire brigade schools covers a certain area in Bavaria with the so-called basic courses according to fire brigade regulation 2 (e.g. group leader, platoon leader, equipment control room). SFS Würzburg is primarily responsible for the Franconian area , SFS Regensburg for Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate, and SFS Geretsried for Upper Bavaria and Swabia . Furthermore, every fire brigade school has special courses that are only offered by one and therefore course participants come from all over Bavaria. The SFS Geretsried is also specialized in the areas of disaster control training and the training of the dispatchers of the integrated control center , as the integrated teaching control center (ILLS) is located here.

Integrated control centers

Integrated control centers (ILS) had been set up throughout Bavaria by 2013. Before that, most fire brigades were alerted by the police , which was sometimes fraught with problems. In a few cities there were also fire brigade operations centers (FEZ) that took over the fire brigade alarm. There has been an integrated control center in Munich since 1997, which is operated by the City of Munich ( Munich Fire Brigade ). One advantage of the ILS is the uniform number 112 for both emergency services and fire service alarms. The old rescue control centers with the service number 19222 were operated solely by the Bavarian Red Cross until 2004 ; Cell phone calls were only possible with area code. With the new uniform number 112 and the installation of the integrated control centers, the euro emergency call is implemented. The operators of the new integrated control centers can be found in the list of BOS control centers .

For the construction and operation of the integrated control centers in each ILS area was declared a special purpose association for emergency medical services and fire alarm built from the existing rescue purpose associations have emerged. Since the 26 rescue service areas , divided according to the Bavarian Rescue Service Act (BayRDG), are congruent with the special purpose association areas or ILS areas, the changeover was easy to carry out. The special purpose associations for rescue services and fire brigade alarms are supported by the districts and urban districts involved. The rescue service organizations are entrusted with the tasks of emergency rescue and ambulance transport by the respective association under public law.

Some control centers have each set up an Integrated Control Center (UG ILS) support group, which can support the dispatchers with emergency call inquiries in the event of major incidents or high levels of use. The members of this UG ILS consist of volunteers from the fire brigades and the rescue services and do the service on a voluntary basis, but receive an allowance for expenses. A certain amount of training is required every month in order to be able to exercise this service.

The districts can also operate district operations centers (KEZ), which replace the post- alarm centers (NASt). These are operated centrally in a larger fire station in a district / city and can support the ILS in the disposition in the event of major damage or disasters.

Accident insurance

The Bavarian Communal Accident Insurance (KUVB) is responsible for insuring work-related accidents for the Bavarian fire brigades. In addition to the communal fire brigades, it insures all other state and communal institutions together with the Bavarian State Accident Fund . There is no fire department accident insurance as the sole fire department specific insurance carrier like in other regions of Germany. The KUVB introduces all accident prevention regulations (abbreviation: GUV-V), rules (GUV-R), information (GUV-I) and principles (GUV-G) adopted at federal level, compliance with which is largely binding for fire services. The umbrella organization at the federal level of the KUVB is the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV).

Regional institutions

Every district in Bavaria has so-called supra-local facilities, such as breathing protection training systems , breathing protection workshops or hose washing systems , which are housed by larger fire departments. The Free State of Bavaria has also stationed a fire training container in each of the seven administrative districts .

There is also the Bavarian fire brigade rest home in Bayerisch Gmain , which has existed since 1925 and only had to cease operations until 1950 due to the war. The fire brigade rest home is now also run under the name of the Gästehaus & Restaurant St. Florian and is primarily intended to offer fire brigade members a cheap holiday. The home receives support from the association Bayerisches Feuerwehrerholungsheim e. V. , which with members of the LFV Bayern e. V. and the Ministry of the Interior is occupied. The property is made available to the association free of charge by the Free State of Bavaria.

equipment

vehicles

In Bavaria, vehicles that comply with the current DIN are mainly subsidized by the state. In addition, many national guidelines have been issued over the years that have supplemented the DIN standards : For example, the guideline for oil damage trailers (ÖSA) was issued at the end of the 1960s . Many of these trailers are still in operation today, and the state fire brigade schools continue to offer courses on how to operate these trailers. In the 1980s, equipment vehicles for respiratory protection / radiation protection (GW-A / S) were issued by a state procurement, meanwhile a construction guideline has been published that enables fire departments to procure these vehicles themselves based on the state standard. In addition, equipment vehicles for dangerous goods (GW-G Bayern ), disaster control boats (K-Boot) and work boats (A-Boot) were issued to the fire brigades in state procurement, some of which are still in service today. In the 1980s and 1990s, building guidelines were added for the portable pump trailers (TSA), which were omitted from the DIN standard in 1991, as well as the country-specific road safety trailers (VSA) and multi-purpose vehicles (MZF). In recent years, supply trucks (V-LKW) and portable pump vehicle logistics have also been specified.

software

In 1993, the Bavarian Alerting and Security Information System (BASIS) software , which was based on the Superbase database, was published for all fire brigades in Bavaria as well as civil protection in general and the alerting bodies . With the software, fire brigade management, alarm planning and alerting, disaster plans, course management and much more were covered in one software. Some of the software is still used today, but is being gradually replaced by other software:

The civil protection bars are future web-based EPS Web / K plan Using ( E insatz P rotocol S ystem, originally EPSweb was developed for the police, see police IT applications )
The integrated control centers (ILS), which replace the police stations when alerting, use the ELDIS III By software
The fire services use various software solutions for fire service management. The "MP-Feuer" software has been propagated for fire brigades by the Bavarian State Fire Brigade Association since 2010.

Protective clothing

In the early years after the Second World War, the then State Office for Fire Protection, which was called the State Office for Fire and Disaster Protection from 1970 , brought out the Bavarian fire brigade protective clothing , which was made of simple cotton. With the later generations of protective clothing, this was subsequently given the designation Bayern 1 . In the 1970s this was replaced by the Bayern 2 . This was still made of cotton, but had a reflective strip in the chest area and leather protection on the shoulder. It was not until 1999 that it was replaced by the Bayern 2000 , which is still widely used today. This now complied with the new EU standards , was black / orange and had appropriate reflective stripes. An overjacket according to DIN EN 469 has also been issued, but no overpants yet. In the meantime, a greater variety of protective clothing used in Bavaria can be observed, in particular protective clothing with HuPF stripes are increasingly replacing Bavaria 2000.

ID cards

Also in 1968 the then state office issued a model for an official ID card . However, ID cards are only found sporadically in Bavaria. The service books, small booklets in DIN A6 format, on the other hand, are used across the board. They are a kind of "curriculum vitae" for every fire service provider, in which, in addition to personal data and a photograph, courses, badges, honors, promotions, examinations and other data are recorded. Most of the service books continue to exist alongside software-based administration.

Civil protection

In Bavaria, the management of disaster control is regulated somewhat differently than in the other federal states. The " Leadership Group for Disaster Control (FüGK)" is responsible for the administrative coordination of a disaster , which is made up of employees from the district office or the independent city and possibly employees of other authorities, supported by the " Communication Group Management (KomFü)". The “ Local Operations Manager (ÖEL)” works on site as technical operations management . These are ordered in advance and are mostly high-ranking members of the district fire inspection or " Organizational Heads (OrgL) " of an aid organization. These are supported by the “ Local Operations Management Support Group (UG ÖEL)”, which supports the ÖEL in organizing operational resources and communication between the units. These, too, are usually provided by fire brigade units and are specially equipped. For operations with an increased incidence of injuries, so-called “ mass casualties of injured persons (MANV) ”, there is also the “Sanitary Operations Management (SanEL)”, subordinate to the structure of the ÖEL, which consists of the OrgL and the “ Senior Emergency Doctor (LNA) ”. The SanEL is in turn supported by a " Support Group Sanitary Operations Management (UG SanEL)".

The “ emergency stations ” are stationed in the area of nuclear facilities , where a large number of people can be decontaminated and accommodated in the event of an accident . The fire brigades and aid organizations in the vicinity are specially trained for this. In the area of nuclear facilities there is also the siren signal “Warning the population” across the board. In other areas of Bavaria that are not in an indirect position to such a system, this siren signal is usually not possible, since the siren control receivers only know the signal for fire brigade alarms and retrofitting is not actively carried out.

The division into specialist services such as medical service , fire protection service , support service and ABC service still exists, but the specialist service tasks are handled internally by the organizations active in disaster control. If necessary, the civil protection organizations are involved in civil protection in accordance with the law .

Aid contingents that replace the emergency units have meanwhile been set up for larger deployments . These are set up roughly the size of a department and should be available for regional use. In each of the 96 Bavarian rural districts, an aid contingent was formed from existing vehicles from the fire brigades and aid organizations.

Fire hymn

The Altneihauser Feierwehrkapell'n composed in 2003, a fire brigade anthem in recognition of the use of fire-fighters in the world. In contrast to other compositions by the ensemble, the anthem has a very serious character and was recommended by the Bavarian Fire Brigade Association for playing and singing on official occasions. The hymn was interpreted by several groups, including the Regensburger Domspatzen and the Army Music Corps IV Regensburg. As it is supposed to honor firefighters around the world, it has also been translated into English.

Awards

Bavarian Medal of Honor

Medal of Honor of the Bavarian Fire Brigade Association, awarded to private individuals and passive firefighters for their services to the fire brigade
Performance test-The group in action
Performance test - the group in the field of assistance
Bavarian youth performance test

Web links

Commons : Firefighting - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Feuerwehr - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Data and facts from the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Transport (accessed on April 25, 2015)
↑ Data and facts from the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Transport (accessed on April 25, 2015) - Calculation: (total number of operations) - (technical fire operations)
↑ Bavarian Supreme Court of Auditors: Annual Report 2014 part no. 14 ( Memento from May 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Cooperation project with the LFV Bayern eV . MP fire. 2010. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1983, p. 85.
↑ Text of the fire hymn feuerwehrhymne.net
↑ LFV Bayern: Recommendation of the fire department hymn "God to honor '- to fight your neighbor".

[DatenFaktenStMI-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Data and facts from the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Transport (accessed on April 25, 2015)

[2] Data and facts from the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Transport (accessed on April 25, 2015) - Calculation: (total number of operations) - (technical fire operations)

[3] Bavarian Supreme Court of Auditors: Annual Report 2014 part no. 14 ( Memento from May 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )

[MP-Feuer_LFV-Bayern-4] Cooperation project with the LFV Bayern eV . MP fire. 2010. Retrieved February 11, 2018.

[5] Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1983, p. 85.

[6] Text of the fire hymn feuerwehrhymne.net

[7] LFV Bayern: Recommendation of the fire department hymn "God to honor '- to fight your neighbor".