Ayaan Hirsi Ali

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Ayaan Hirsi Ali, 2016

Ayaan Hirsi Ali ( Ayaan Hirsi Magan Isse Guleid Ali Wai'ays Muhammad Ali Umar Osman Mahamud ; born  November 13, 1969 in Mogadishu , Somalia ) is a Dutch - American politician , political scientist , women's rights activist and Islamic critic of Somali origin. From January 30, 2003 to May 15, 2006 she was a member of the Tweede Kamer of the Staten-Generaal , the parliament of the Netherlands , for the VVD . In 2007 she founded the AHA Foundation to strengthen women's rights.

Life

Childhood in Africa

Ayaan Hirsi Ali was in 1969 in the Somali capital Mogadishu as members of the clan of Majerteen- Darod born. Ayaan means "happy person" or "happiness" in Somali . Her devout and at the same time modern-oriented father Hirsi Magan Isse (1935-2008) was a member of the Somali Youth League and had studied linguistics and anthropology in Italy and at Columbia University in the 1960s . Hirsi Ali's mother Asha had left her nomadic family as a teenager and worked as a domestic help in Aden . During her stay on the Arabian Peninsula, she adopted an orthodox Islam that differed from the relatively liberal practice in traditional Somali nomadic culture. She entered into an arranged marriage, divorced after the death of her father and returned to Somalia, where she met the teacher Magan Isse in a literacy course in Mogadishu and married. He became an opponent of the authoritarian Somali government under Siad Barre .

Soon after Ayaan's birth, the father was imprisoned in 1972. During his detention, she grew up in the spirit of resistance of her mother and grandmother, who resisted repression by the army and police. At the age of five, she and her younger sister Haweya were secretly circumcised against the wishes of their parents at the instigation of their grandmother . Yet she did not judge her grandmother for it, but tried to understand her. While Ayaan believed her older brother Mahad was given preferential treatment and enjoyed greater freedom, Ayaan and Haweya were brought up to be subordinate to the family and especially to the men.

In October 1975 Hirsi Magan Isse escaped from prison and came to Ethiopia , where he co-founded the rebel organization Somali Democratic Redemption Front (SSDF) against Siad Barre in Addis Ababa . In 1978 he took his family - Ayaan, their mother and grandmother, brother Mahad and sister Haweya - to Saudi Arabia . Ayaan observed the strict application of Islamic rules there and visited the holiest places of the religion. A year later, the family was expelled from the country with immediate effect, possibly because of the political activities that the father had carried on illegally. Against the wishes of their mother - who did not want to live in a non-Muslim country - they emigrated to Ethiopia and, in 1980, to Nairobi , Kenya. During this time, the father left the family to devote himself to his work for the SSDF. The mother suffered from the felt neglect of family duties by her husband. She began to beat her daughters more often than not.

In Kenya, Ayaan and Haweya received UNHCR- paid education in a Muslim girls' school, while their brother attended a denominationally neutral, reputable school. In addition, the girls continued to receive Koran lessons. However, they found this boring, which is why they refused one day. During the corporal punishment that followed, the Koran teacher Ayaan broke his skull.

At the English-oriented Muslim Girls' Secondary School she received an orthodox Islamic education. An Iranian- trained teacher named Sister Aziza taught her and other classmates to voluntarily adopt the ideology of radical Islam. She now also wore the hijab and was a follower of the Muslim Brotherhood for years . The Islamist teachings also included the acceptance of various unequal treatment and restrictions on women, since women were to blame for all sinful thoughts of men due to their sexual power. At the same time, Ayaan asked the religious study group, whose discussion rounds she now regularly attended, critical questions about aspects of Islam that she found illogical. For example, women should cover themselves up in order not to seduce men and divert them from the right path, while the same was not true of men, although they too could tempt women. Most of the time she did not get any satisfactory answers to these questions: “Don't women also have desire for male bodies? Couldn't they be tempted by the sight of men's skin? It seemed logical to me, but the whole room fell about laughing. ”(Translation: Don't women also have a desire for male bodies? Couldn't they be tempted at the sight of [exposed] men's skin? That seemed logical to me, but the whole thing Room burst out laughing.)

She had also read “Western” books such as “The Stories of Enid Blyton and the Girls Crime by Nancy Drew . They were full of heroines who did what they wanted, they traveled and had adventures. Even as a child, these books showed me that there is a different life than that of my mother. "

After completing their schooling, Haweya and Ayaan trained as secretaries. However, their mother forbade them to work afterwards, as women working outside the home contradicted their ideas. Since she saw no prospects in Nairobi and wanted to leave behind the desolation of her mother's life there, Ayaan returned to Mogadishu from March to November 1990, where she lived with relatives. Out of disappointment and because of the worsening security situation in the city - months before the fall of the Barre government, see Somali Civil War - she soon left Somalia again.

In April 1991, the father returned to Ayaan's family. In 1992 he accepted a marriage proposal for her without consulting her; at the age of 22 she was to be married to a cousin from Canada whom she did not know.

Escape to Europe and study

On her trip to Canada, which led via Germany , Hirsi Ali stayed with relatives in Düsseldorf for a few days, where she was supposed to wait for her visa to Canada. Instead of flying on, she took the train to the Netherlands . There she applied for asylum and received it on humanitarian grounds. She kept silent about her short stay in Germany, which, if it had been known to the Dutch authorities, would have meant that she would have had to apply for asylum in Germany. She also kept silent about the fact that she and her family had been living in asylum in Kenya for several years; in the face of civil war and famine in Somalia, the Netherlands allowed all refugees who fled directly from Somalia to take in at that time. In addition, for fear of persecution by family members, as she later explained several times, she gave a false name, namely the maiden name of her grandfather Ali , who was later given the name Magan ("Conqueror").

In 1997 she became a Dutch citizen . Initially she worked as a cleaning lady and mail sorter, later for six years as a translator and interpreter for Dutch judicial, social and immigration authorities. She speaks Somali , Arabic , Amharic , Swahili , Dutch and English . During this work, she came into contact with Muslim women who had been beaten or rejected by their husbands.

After a year of training at the Academy for Social Studies "De Horst" in Driebergen , she studied political science at the University of Leiden from 1995 to 2000 . She then worked for several years as a research assistant at the Wiardi Beckman Foundation , the research office of the Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA).

Criticism of Islam

During her stay in the Netherlands , Ayaan Hirsi Ali gradually distanced herself from Islam and eventually became an atheist . From 2002, she came into the media more often with her criticism of Islamic orthodoxy, which was often viewed as polemical. She switched from the social democratic PvdA to the right-wing liberal VVD, from whose list she was elected to the Dutch parliament in 2003 as a Kamerlid (member of parliament).

She was of the opinion that there was too little space and support within the PvdA for criticism of the negative consequences of certain socio-cultural characteristics of immigrants. In her book De zoontjesfabriek (Die Söhnefabrik), published in 2002 , she admitted that the chance she was given by the VVD to present her ideas in parliament had also played a role. In 2003 she voiced strong criticism of the Islamic schools in the Netherlands and took the view that the integration policy of the Netherlands had completely failed. In doing so, she attacked Article 23 of the Dutch Basic Law, which regulates the freedom of teaching. However, it was unthinkable, especially for the Christian parties, to change anything about this article.

Hirsi Ali has received death threats from Islamist circles since September 2002. She was placed under permanent police protection and has lived in an undisclosed location ever since.

In an article in the Christian daily Trouw on January 25, 2003, she said of Mohammed : “By our western standards, he is a perverted man. A tyrant. ”With this statement, she alluded to the fact that Mohammed, as an older man, married his future favorite wife, Aisha bint Abi Bakr, when he was six years old (when she was nine years old, he married), something in Orthodox theology corresponds to Islamic traditions recognized as reliable and authentic.

Various Islamic organizations and private individuals then reported them for discrimination. Hirsi Ali has not been prosecuted for her statements. According to the Officier van justitie ( public prosecutor ), their criticism was based on “no conclusions regarding the reputation of Muslims” and “the truthfulness of them as a group was not attacked”. Hirsi Ali's statements on Muhammad's marriage to Aisha describe the traditional view of Orthodox Sunnis and Shiites.

Ayaan Hirsi Ali is among the signatories of the Manifesto of the 12 against Islamism as a new totalitarian threat.

"In the media there is a lot of talk about Islamophobia, the fear of Islam, but its extent pales in comparison to the bloody Christophobia ."

- Ayaan Hirsi Ali : idea TV on February 23, 2012

Assassination of Theo van Gogh

On November 2, 2004, the film director Theo van Gogh was murdered by a Muslim extremist in Amsterdam . The perpetrator attached a threatening letter to Ayaan Hirsi Ali on his body. Hirsi Ali said she was not intimidated by this spectacular murder either. She also felt connected to van Gogh because she worked with him on the script for the film Submission (see: Film Submission (Part I) ). Hirsi Ali was placed under protection by the Dutch government and temporarily removed from the country. In her hiding place she wrote:

“I mourn Theo. That he couldn't move to America with his son. That he had to die to draw attention to some people to whom faith means more than a human life. I am sad because the Netherlands have lost their innocence again, an innocence that manifested itself in Theo. The attack on America and Spain was received like something that could only happen there, not here. Theo wasn't so naive as to believe that it couldn't happen, but that it couldn't happen to him. He said, 'I'm the village idiot they won't hurt. But be careful because you are the apostate . ' I am angry because he was the victim of a ritual slaughter. I am angry because I know that the perpetrator is not alone: ​​he is a member of a network of Muslims who are deeply preoccupied with their beliefs and who are planning to kill innocent people. Islamist terror, in the Netherlands and beyond, can flourish because it is embedded in a large circle of like-minded Muslims. "

- In: I indict.

Removal and recognition of Dutch citizenship

On May 11, 2006, the social democratic pub Omroep VARA ( Vereeniging van Arbeiders Radio Amateurs ) broadcast a report on Ayaan Hirsi Ali ( "De heilige Ayaan" ) in its documentary program Zembla , which also refers to the false information she had known for a long time in her asylum procedure in 1992 was pointed out.

On May 15, 2006, the Dutch Minister for Immigration and Integration Rita Verdonk ( VVD ) announced that Hirsi Ali's naturalization would be declared invalid and that her Dutch citizenship would have to be revoked. Verdonk stands for a rigid domestic policy change in the hitherto liberal Netherlands towards a restrictive immigration policy.

To everyone's amazement, the expatriation was carried out a day later, on May 16. The expatriation request and the extraordinary speed of the procedure sparked heated debates in the Netherlands. The clashes reached their climax with a fourteen-hour debate in The Hague Parliament on May 17, 2006. The debate was conducted with exceptional accuracy and seriousness by all parties, broadcast live on television and followed by 18 percent of the population until after midnight.

Verdonk narrowly escaped a motion of censure by the opposition. Initially, she received applause from her party friends for her demands for expatriation, but in less than a week she came under great pressure and isolation both inside and outside her party. The writer Leon de Winter , for example, accused her of having known about Hirsi Ali's well-known misrepresentations for years, but of having withheld and misused this knowledge in order to secure her position of power in the party. When presenting her biography in Berlin on October 1, 2006, Hirsi Ali stated that her advisors listed 93 cases in which she had publicly mentioned her false information during the asylum procedure. This also includes a conversation with the treasurer of the VVD and later finance minister, Gerrit Zalm , before her acceptance as a candidate for parliament for the VVD.

On May 16, 2006, Hirsi Ali resigned her parliamentary mandate (which she had planned for a long time since she had had enough of political activity). She said she was stunned that her Dutch citizenship would be withdrawn because she had long admitted false information. Under pressure from parliament, the controversial expatriation procedure should be reconsidered by the “iron Rita” Verdonk for “discretion” within the next six weeks.

However, since Verdonk did not seem to take this seriously when giving a speech to supporters, Prime Minister Balkenende invited them to an official meeting. The mother of the murdered director Theo van Gogh spoke of a plot by the Dutch Social Democrats , since these are shareholders of the VARA station: "Labor laid a mouse-trap for Rita Verdonk, with Ayaan Hirsi Ali as bait." (The PvdA has for Rita Verdonk set up a mousetrap with Ayaan Hirsi Ali as bait.) The PvdA has the highest proportion of Muslim voters and was in a downward trend in voter approval, while the VVD and especially Verdonk saw an increase in approval before the affair. At a VVD party meeting on May 20, 2006, Verdonk announced that Hirsi Ali would definitely remain Dutch. However, she did not want to comment yet on whether Hirsi Ali had to submit a new application for this or not.

Hirsi Ali originally wanted to go to the USA in 2007 to work for the neoconservative think tank “ American Enterprise Institute ” in Washington, DC . But a successful lawsuit by their neighbors in The Hague in April 2006, who saw themselves disturbed by Ali's personal security and complained about an alleged decline in the property value of their apartment, accelerated their decision to move.

The Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger put another motive for Verdonk's decision up for debate. Accordingly, the campaign manager Kay van de Linde advised her to have this extraordinarily spectacular confrontation. He acquired his knowledge as a political speaker in the USA; until the end he worked for the murdered Dutch right-wing populist Pim Fortuyn . With each expulsion Verdonk has become more popular in the last three years, in mid-April 2006 she had the Kosovar student Taïda Pasic expelled shortly before her Abitur, despite many expressions of solidarity. The newspaper added that Hirsi Ali “took this opportunity to tell her on the phone that she too had not told the truth about her asylum application.” For the upcoming parliamentary elections in May 2007, Verdonk expected to be the top candidate of the VVD and then the next To become Prime Minister. The more Verdonk was reprimanded by parliament and the press, the more popular it became among the right-wing electorate.

On June 27, 2006, Minister Verdonk informed the Second Chamber that Hirsi Ali could keep her passport. Ayaan Hirsi Ali is actually called Ayaan Hirsi Magan, but according to Somali law, she is allowed to take the name of her grandfather (Ali) and therefore also use it for naturalization. Verdonk had negotiated with Hirsi Ali's lawyer that she would only make a decision if Hirsi Ali signed a declaration prepared by her ministry. With this written declaration, Hirsi Ali assumed sole responsibility for her false statements in the asylum procedure and for the negative consequences that had resulted against her. Hirsi Ali said that she only signed Verdonk's statement to get the matter over with as quickly as possible.

Renewed failure of the vote of no confidence in Verdonk and resignation of the government

On June 28, 2006, at 9:00 p.m., a debate began in the Second Chamber that did not end until about 5:30 a.m. the following morning. In it, the social-liberal coalition party D66 supported a motion of no confidence by the left opposition party GroenLinks against Minister Verdonk. Prime Minister Balkenende finally “gossiped” when he admitted that his minister had “blackmailed” Hirsi Ali with a unilateral admission of guilt. The opposition also accused Verdonk of another 58 cases in which former asylum seekers had their Dutch citizenship revoked under dubious circumstances.

Since the vote on Verdonk's dismissal was not supported by the two other governing parties, the CDA and VVD, two ministers and a state secretary from D66 from the governing coalition of the second Balkenende cabinet resigned. Only a few hours later, the leader of the D66 parliamentary group, Lousewies van der Laan , announced the withdrawal of support from the D66 MPs, which meant that the governing coalition also lost its parliamentary majority. After D66 left, the coalition of CDA and VVD only had 71 of the 150 seats - and thus 5 seats too few for the required absolute majority of at least 76 MPs. GroenLinks' proposal was nevertheless rejected by a majority, as some more right-wing opposition parties voted together with the coalition. Prime Minister Balkenende then offered his resignation, but was commissioned by the Queen to lead a minority government , the Cabinet Balkenende III .

Forced return from the US in 2007

In the USA , Ayaan Hirsi Ali had been a Fellow of the American Enterprise Institute since September 1, 2006 , during which time she published her autobiography Infidel (German: "My Life, My Freedom"). On October 1, 2007, a targeted indiscretion from the Dutch Ministry of Justice to the daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad announced that Hirsi Ali was now back in the Netherlands. As a Dutch woman, she was not under the protection of an American guard, but was protected by Dutch bodyguards. Ultimately, the Dutch bureaucracy failed to make arrangements for American protection, such as delegating this task to the Dutch US embassy. Justice Minister Ernst Hirsch Ballin ( CDA ) therefore made the decision that Hirsi Ali had to return from October 1, 2007 for cost reasons. Critics such as Leon de Winter accused Ballin that Hirsi Ali's protection in the Netherlands was more expensive than in the USA and accused him of devaluing her protection for reasons of cost and ultimately wanting to abolish it with a media campaign. Hirsi Ali announced that he will continue to work in the Netherlands for the American Enterprise Institute in Washington. She is also writing the book Shortcut to Enlightenment (“Abbreviation for Enlightenment”).

While the reader comments of Dutch newspapers show a divided opinion about Hirsi Ali's worthy of protection, more and more writers showed solidarity with her. In addition to Christopher Hitchens and Anne Applebaum , whose husband Radosław Sikorski Hirsi Ali trained in self-defense with firearms, Sam Harris and Salman Rushdie also spoke up . They accuse the then and current government under Balkenende of “breaking their word”: “Ms. Hirsi Ali was persuaded to run for the Dutch parliament and thus become the most visible and most vulnerable advocate of the rights of Muslim women. The basis for this was the agreement that their safety would be ensured as long as necessary. Gerrit Zalm, in his role as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, promised her this security without restriction. ” A parliamentary debate initiated by GroenLinks on Ballin's approach to Hirsi Ali's protection ended with a majority rejection of her being guarded in the USA. Also, "many officials in the security services" had gone to her at a distance. Hirsi Ali now tried to find private supporters who would help finance her protection for a stay in the US, because she wanted to leave the Netherlands forever.

Hirsi Ali received an initial offer of support from Denmark. The Danish Minister of Culture Brian Mikkelsen ( Det Conservative Folkeparti ) offered her to cover the costs of her personal protection if a Danish municipality agreed to accept her. He justified this as follows: "She fought more than anyone for freedom and expression and received more death threats than anyone else." After Odense and Aarhus , other cities that are organized in the international city network ICORN immediately agreed to accept them. that offers refuge for persecuted writers. Hirsi Ali was “touched” by the offers and felt honored, but her work and future home are in the USA. As soon as she found sufficient support there, she would first visit Denmark and thank them personally.

In an interview with the Danish daily Jyllands-Posten , Hirsi Ali contradicted Ballin's claim that the end of her surveillance in the USA was only due to financial considerations: “The decision not to pay my security anymore has nothing to do with money. It was about principles. It costs less to pay an American company than to protect me in the Netherlands. ” The stop of payments is rather a signal to other critics. “I believe the government wants to send a message to other (critics) in the Netherlands to shut up. At the same time she wants to pacify the Muslims and tell them: look, we are by your side. Ayaan Hirsi is the bad one, we are the good one. "

In December 2007 the EU MP Benoît Hamon ( PS ) and three other MPs called on the European Union to take over the protection of Hirsi Ali. He received 144 signatures for his initiative, at least half (393) of the 785 EU parliamentarians were required for approval. The draft law should be presented again to the MEPs later. The French State Secretary for Human Rights, Rama Yade , promised her French citizenship in February 2008 .

AHA Foundation since 2007

In the USA, based in New York City , she founded the AHA Foundation to Strengthen Women's Rights in 2007. The foundation is dedicated to the fight against child marriage, forced marriage, female genital mutilation and honor killings.

She took on scientific and journalistic tasks as a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute , a fellow at the Future of Diplomacy Project, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University .

Personal

Hirsi Ali is married to the British historian Niall Ferguson . In December 2011 she gave birth to a son, Thomas Hirsi Ferguson. She became a US citizen on April 25, 2013.

Film "Submission (Part I)"

2004 turned Ali along with Theo van Gogh the eleven-minute low-budget film " Submission (Part I) " (dt. Submission ). The short film deals with the position of women in Islamic societies and their oppression and mistreatment with reference to the Koran .

Hirsi Ali wrote the script and spoke the voice off. Four women report that they have suffered abuse. You can see the veiled faces of the narrators and their transparently clad bodies, described with five suras from the Koran, which call the woman to submission to her husband, and marked by blows and welts from lashes.

Quran, Sura 4:34: “Men are above women because God has distinguished them (by nature before them) and because of the expenses they have made of their property (as a morning gift for women?). And the righteous women are humbly devoted to (God) and pay attention to what is hidden (from outside) because God is careful (that is, because God is concerned that it should not be made public). And if you fear that (any) women will revolt, then admonish them, avoid them in the marriage bed and beat them! If they obey you (then again), then do (further) nothing against them! God is exalted and great. " (Quoted from Rudi Paret )

The film was broadcast on Dutch television as part of the Zomergasten (summer guests) series within a three-hour themed evening about Hirsi Ali from the VPRO channel. The film was generally received negatively in conservative Islamic circles. Van Gogh was then threatened with death by militant Muslims and finally murdered on November 2, 2004. The murderer left a letter on Van Gogh's body addressed to Hirsi Ali, in which she was also threatened with death.

After November 2nd, none of their hiding spots seemed safe. To be on the safe side, she was flown to the USA on November 10th in a military aircraft. She spent the time leading up to her return in January 2005 at an American naval base. Until May 14, 2006, despite the ongoing threat from European Islamists, she worked again as a member of parliament.

She also wrote a sequel to Submission for the film “Submission II” and a book with the working title “Abbreviation for Enlightenment”. The eleven-minute short film was only broadcast in part in Germany. The film is not officially available. It has only been shown once on Dutch television so far. Spiegel-TV tried to get the German rights, but the production company Column refuses to distribute them until further notice. Instead, it temporarily allowed the film to be distributed on the internet. A screening of Van Gogh's Film Submission was requested at the 2005 Locarno International Film Festival .

Political demands from Hirsi Ali

Women politics

Ayaan Hirsi Ali often criticizes Islam as backward and repressive towards women and therefore received a lot of approval from large sections of the population. She calls for an “end of the looking away in the name of multiculturalism” if the values ​​of democracy and human rights are disregarded. Women should no longer be victims and only “son factories”, but should be able to exercise their right to self-determination without hindrance , which also includes the right to education .

Circumcision of boys and girls

Hirsi Ali campaigns not only against the circumcision of female genitals , but also against the circumcision of male children and adolescents , as practiced by Jews and Muslims, as well as against routine infant circumcision, as is common in the USA. In her autobiography, My Life, My Freedom , she writes: “Excision does not remove the desire or ability to experience sexual pleasure. Excision in women is cruel on many levels. It is physically cruel and painful; she inflicts suffering on girls all their lives. And it doesn't even achieve its purpose of eliminating her sexual desire. "

A quote from her on this subject: “Girls die giving birth because they are too young for it [...] The rise of radical Islam is an important reason for this. I feel morally obliged to speak about the cause. I think that if you question something you enrich the debate, you are not the enemy of Islam. We can look elsewhere and use the mind to find solutions to these problems, we don't have to get rid of religion. But we have to do it by finding a balance. "

In 2004 she submitted a legislative proposal to the Dutch parliament for an annual health check for girls from risk countries. During her time as a parliamentary representative in the Netherlands, she initiated the passage of around 20 laws for women, including the stricter punishment for female circumcision. In the same year she submitted a legislative proposal which would prohibit the circumcision of healthy underage boys.

Integration obligation

Those who do not want to integrate should leave the country. She argues: “Multiculturalism should mean integration while maintaining one's own identity, but that doesn't mean anything. If women are locked in and daughters are not allowed to go to school, is that what one understands by maintaining one's own culture? ”According to Hirsi Ali, one cannot speak of integration in the Netherlands , only of ghetto formation . Dutch society sees it as an artificial society. If the integration of people with an Islamic background into this society fails, she fears that the center of society will be politically wiped out between two right-wing extremes.

Reactions

According to Time magazine , she was one of the world's 100 most influential people in 2005 and she was European of the year in Reader's Digest in 2006 .

The reaction from the ranks of Muslim Orthodoxy to Hirsi Ali's statements was so violent that the practical work of the government was impaired and the state found itself unable to protect Ayaan Hirsi Ali.

Dutch Muslims complained that Hirsi Ali and van Gogh had criticized Islam that was often poorly founded and sometimes insulting. This makes a constructive dialogue impossible and stirs up anti-Islamic prejudices.

The German-Turkish pop singer Muhabbet is said to have told the journalist Esther Schapira and the German-Turkish television journalist and sociologist Kamil Taylan on October 20, 2007 that Ayaan Hirsi Ali deserved to die.

The Viennese political scientist Farid Hafez criticizes Hirsi Ali for making sweeping judgments about all Muslims and describes her as one of the "prominent figures who promote the equation of Islam and Islamism in public debates".

Another complaint (including by the Islamic scholar and NZZ reviewer Ludwig Ammann ) is that Hirsi Ali unilaterally assigns Islamic responsibility for the practice of female genital mutilation, even though this custom is based on local African traditions.

Hirsi Ali drew criticism when she claimed (in an interview with the FAZ on October 4, 2006), as evidence of the increasing Islamization of Europe, that in Great Britain no piggy banks are being set up in savings banks out of consideration for Muslims , although the previous year the two banks about which a British tabloid had made such claims, which had firmly denied it.

Hirsi Ali's acceptance speech on the occasion of the award of the Axel Springer Honorary Prize in May 2012 triggered controversial reactions , in which she attacked the “lawyers for silence”, complained about “informal censorship” that is being exercised against people critical of Islam, and from Anders Behring Breiviks "Manifesto" quoted a passage in which the latter had also stated a restriction on freedom of thought with regard to dealing with Muslims.

Awards

  • In 2003 Hirsi Ali received the annual “Prijs voor de Vrijheid” (Prize for Freedom) from the Flemish-liberal think tank Nova Civitas.
  • On August 29, 2005 Hirsi Ali was awarded the Democracy Prize of the Folkpartiet liberalerna , d. i. the Liberal Party of Sweden, honored for their courageous efforts to promote democracy , human and women's rights .
  • The right-wing liberal Venstre Party of Denmark awarded her the Freedom Prize in her absence in 2005. This appreciation met with great protest from the Islamic organizations in Denmark.
  • The Time magazine chose April 18, 2005 on the 100 most influential people in the world (Category: "Leaders & Revolutionaries").
  • In 2004 she was voted the second most popular Dutch woman and in 2005 she was named Dutch woman of the year by several media outlets.
  • Reader's Digest Germany honored her with the “European of the Year” award. The Dutch EU Commissioner Neelie Kroes presented her with this award on January 23, 2006 in The Hague .
  • The Norwegian parliamentarian Christian Tybering-Gjedde proposed Ayaan Hirsi Ali as a candidate for the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize .
  • Kassel citizens awarded her the “ Glass of Reason ” on October 1, 2006 for her commitment to the integration of foreigners and against discrimination against women. The award is endowed with € 10,000 and the laudator was the women's rights activist Alice Schwarzer .
  • On January 10, 2008 she was awarded the Prix Simone de Beauvoir pour la liberté des femmes together with Taslima Nasreen in Paris at the École normal supérieure (Rue d'Ulm) . The prize was donated by Gallimard Verlag and the French Ministry of Culture on the occasion of Beauvoir's hundredth birthday . In the laudatory speech by State Secretary Rama Yade , she also promised her French citizenship.
  • On September 11, 2008, Hirsi Ali received the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Cleveland , Ohio, for her autobiography, which was published in the USA in 2007 under the title "Infidel" .
  • On April 28, 2010, Hirsi Ali received the award for freedom of expression from the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten . This newspaper had published the controversial caricatures of the Islamic prophet Mohammed five years earlier.
  • On May 10, 2012, on the occasion of the 21st award of the Axel Springer Prize for young journalists , Hirsi Ali received the Axel Springer Prize of Honor, endowed with 25,000 euros, from the Axel Springer Academy for “ her courage and her commitment to freedom as a women's rights activist and critic of Islam ". The laudator was the Dutch writer Leon de Winter . The honorary award was donated by Friede Springer .

Fonts

literature

  • Thierry Chervel, Anja Seeliger (Ed.): Islam in Europe. An international debate. edition suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2007, 227 pages, ISBN 978-3-518-12531-1
  • Katharina Berstermann: “Submission” (Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Theo van Gogh ) - theory or reality? Experiences from German women's shelters , Hildesheim 2007, OCLC 551814662 (Bachelor thesis University of Hildesheim , Faculty 3 - Language and Information Sciences, 2007, 70 pages, supervisor: Francis Jarman).
  • Günther Lachmann : Deadly tolerance. The Muslims and our open society. Piper, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-492-04699-1 (with the text "Muslim women, demand your rights!")
  • Bettina Flitner : women with visions - 48 Europeans. With texts by Alice Schwarzer . Knesebeck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-89660-211-X , pp. 118–121
  • Halleh Ghorashi: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, daring or dogmatic? Debates on multiculturalism and emancipation in the Netherlands. In: Toon van Meijl, Henk Driessen (Ed.): Multiple identifications and the self. Foocal. Tijdschrift voor anthropologie. Stichting Focaal, Nijmegen 2003, pp. 163-172, ISSN  0920-1297 .

Filmography

Web links

Contributions by Hirsi Ali
Wikiquote: Ayaan Hirsi Ali  - Quotes
items
to the film Submission (Part I)

swell

  1. ↑ a b Frei in the Land of the “Unbelievers” , Deutschlandfunk , October 22, 2006
  2. ↑ Lee Randall: "Lone voice" ( Memento from February 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), The Scotsman, February 17, 2007
  3. ↑ see en: Nancy Drew
  4. ↑ “I'm used to fighting” , Tagesspiegel, October 9, 2006
  5. ↑ Karsten Polke-Majewski: "Hirsi Ali leaves Holland" , Die Zeit , May 16, 2006
  6. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali - a portrait" ( Memento from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), University of Münster, PDF file, 2 pp.
  7. ↑ Andrea Naica-Loebell: "I don't want to be a martyr" , Telepolis , December 8, 2004
  8. ↑ Jaffe Vink: "The Black Voltaire" , Cicero , March 2005
  9. ↑ Eberhard Serauky : History of Islam. Berlin 1991, p. 104f, ISBN 3-326-00557-1 .
  10. ↑ Ibn Saad: The class register. Ed. Carl Brockelmann, Brill, Leiden 1904, Volume 8, pp. 39, 25-40, 4; see also ibid. 40, 8–13; 40, 25-27.
  11. ↑ Ibn Saad: The class register. Volume 8, p. 41
  12. ↑ Hadith on the age of marriage from the Saheeh of the Buchari : Book 62, nos. 64 and 65 ( Memento of October 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), 62, 88 ( Memento of October 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  13. ↑ Hadith on the age of marriage from the Saheeh of the Muslim : Book 8, No. 3309–3311 ( Memento of August 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  14. ^ Dossier Ayaan Hirsi Ali , Trouw, January 25, 2003 (Dutch)
  15. ↑ http://www.idea.de/ Quoted from an article at Newsweek by IdeaFernsehen on February 23, 2012. Position 03:09. (Retrieved February 25, 2012) (also available on Bibel TV's YouTube channel )
  16. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali / Magaan - the true story part 1" , YouTube video excerpt from the Vara or Zembla broadcast on May 11, 2006
  17. ↑ Henryk Broder : “Short Trial for the Black Joan of Arc” , Spiegel Online , May 16, 2006
  18. ↑ Rik Tuithof: “Hirsi Ali's case. The Dutch must be crazy? ” Newropeans Magazine, May 19, 2006
  19. ↑ Henryk Broder : "The Hirsi Ali case: Verdonk's gauntlet" , Spiegel Online , May 16, 2006
  20. ^ Conversation in Urania , Berlin, with Thea Dorn on the occasion of Hirsi Ali's book presentation on October 1, 2006, production: SWR , first broadcast: October 27, 2006
  21. ↑ René Vautravers (vau.): “Ayaan Hirsi Ali is leaving the Netherlands. The controversial politician and women's rights activist goes to the USA ” , Neue Zürcher Zeitung , May 17, 2006
    “ Hirsi Ali said on Tuesday that she had already publicly stated in 2002, before she was elected parliamentarian, that not all of the statements she had made were correct . "
  22. ↑ "Hirsi Ali could stay Dutch" ( Memento of May 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), Netzeitung , May 17, 2006
  23. ↑ Jan Kanter: "The Hirsi Ali case: Balkenende puts pressure on Minister Verdonk" , Die Welt , May 18, 2006
  24. ↑ letter ( Memento of 6 August 2006 at the Internet Archive ) to "A Political Honor Killing in Holland" on judeoscope.ca May 19 (Jewish news portal in Canada), 2006
  25. ↑ Jan Kanter: “The Dutch wear down critics of Islam” , Die Welt , May 16, 2006
  26. ↑ Jörg Reckmann: "The merciless party friend" ( Memento from August 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , May 25, 2006
  27. ↑ "Hirsi Ali is allowed to stay Dutch" ( Memento from July 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), Netzeitung , June 27, 2006
  28. ↑ Horst Bacia: “Under weak leadership” , FAZ , July 1, 2006.
  29. ↑ Barbara Hoheneder: “Balkenende's second stumbling block”  ( page no longer available , search in web archives ), Der Standard , July 1, 2007, ( original source ) “Verdonk stubbornly refused to explain to the MPs why she gave Hirsi Ali a written confession of guilt had demanded. […] At two o'clock in the morning, a visibly tired end of the beam admitted that Verdonk had actually blackmailed Hirsi Ali. "@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.wahlfieber.at
  30. ↑ Saskia Jansens: “End of the beam at the end?” Wiener Zeitung , June 30, 2006.
  31. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali terug in Nederland" , NRC Handelsblad , October 1, 2007
  32. ↑ "We embarrass ourselves in front of the eyes of the world" , Spiegel Online , October 3, 2007, by Leon de Winter
  33. ↑ Christopher Hitchens , “The Price of Freedom. If the Dutch government abandons Ayaan Hirsi Ali, America should welcome her. ” Slate , October 8, 2007
  34. ↑ Anne Applebaum : “Double Dutch. The Dutch government once again threatens to abandon Ayaan Hirsi Ali. ” Slate, October 8, 2007
  35. ↑ Falk Madeja: "Ayaan Hirsi Ali on shooting training in Poland" ( Memento from February 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), the daily newspaper , October 10, 2007
  36. ↑ Sam Harris and Salman Rushdie : "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: abandoned to fanatics" , Los Angeles Times , October 9, 2007
  37. ↑ German translation of the Harris-Rushdie essay: "Protect them, it is precious" , Die Welt , October 10, 2007
  38. ↑ a b Andreas Ross: “Ayaan Hirsi Ali. The search for sponsors for one's own survival ” , FAZ , October 11, 2007
  39. ↑ Falk Madeja: “Ayaan Hirsi Ali: definitely no protection paid for by The Hague in the USA” ( Memento from February 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), taz, October 11, 2007
  40. ↑ Falk Madeja: "No, Ayaan Hirsi Ali does not want to go to Denmark" ( Memento of October 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), taz, October 15, 2007
  41. ↑ a b "Offer of help. Denmark offers Hirsi Ali shelter ” , Spiegel Online , October 16, 2007
  42. ↑ "Det handlers ikke kun om mig og min sikkerhed" , Jyllands-Posten , October 19, 2007
  43. ↑ Falk Madeja: Hirsi Ali - “Slaps for the Hague Government” ( memento of October 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), taz, October 22, 2007
  44. ↑ "Written declaration on ensuring the protection of Ayaan Hirsi Ali by the EU" , EU Parliament, March 2008
  45. ↑ “Hirsi Ali hopes the EU will protect him from Islamists” , Deutsche Welle , February 11, 2008
  46. ↑ The AHA Foundation - Founded by Ayaan Hirsi Ali. Retrieved June 3, 2020 (American English).
  47. ^ Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
  48. ↑ Ayaan Hirsi Ali. Retrieved June 3, 2020 .
  49. ^ Peter Beaumont: Niall Ferguson threatens to sue over accusation of racism - Guardian, November 26, 2011
  50. ↑ Jessica Numann: Ayaan Hirsi Ali (42) bevalt van een zoon . In: Elsevier , December 30, 2011. 
  51. ↑ Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Swearing In the Enemy. wsj.com, accessed May 18, 2013 .
  52. ↑ RTL ( Memento from June 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) “Make circumcision for boys an offense”, October 4, 2004
  53. ^ Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel (New York: Free Press, 2007): page 140
  54. ^ Journal ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) of Ayaan Hirsi Ali's lecture at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard
  55. ↑ Ayaan Hirsi Ali: I indict. Plea for the liberation of Muslim women . Piper, Munich 2005, p. 162
  56. ↑ In: "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: die Dissidentin" , arte , September 13, 2008, approx. 25 min.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / videos.degas.preprod.arte.tv
  57. ^ "VVD: extra inspectie tegen besnijdenis", de Volkskrant newspaper, January 22, 2004, frontpage
  58. ^ "Reason is more important than religion" , Deutsche Welle , January 23, 2003
  59. ↑ "Daughter of the Enlightenment" , New York Times , April 3, 2005
  60. ^ The 2005 TIME 100 - TIME. Retrieved June 3, 2020 (American English).
  61. ↑ Thorsten Dörting and Reinhard Mohr: “Model boy under suspicion of Islamism” , Spiegel Online , November 13, 2007
  62. ↑ Ayaan Hirsi Ali: War against Christians in the Islamic world. religion.ORF.at, February 15, 2012
  63. ↑ Patrick Bahners : The alarmists. The German fear of Islam. dtv, Munich 2012, p. 257, ISBN 978-3-423-34721-1
  64. ↑ How Ayaan Hirsi explains Ali Breivik's mass murder. Cicero-online May 18, 2012
  65. ↑ Ayaan Hirsi Ali awarded liberal democracy prize ( Memento of November 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  66. ↑ TIME 100: Leaders and Revolutionaries , April 18, 2005 (only with cookies )
  67. ↑ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali receives the Kassel Citizen Prize" ( Memento from August 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), HR , September 30, 2006
  68. ↑ "Hirsi Ali gets Sarkozy into trouble" , Spiegel online, February 10, 2008
  69. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali, fierce critic of Islam, makes surprise appearance at Cleveland book awards" ( Memento from March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), cleveland.com, September 11, 2008
  70. ↑ Fred Viebahn : “Photo session with Ayaan Hirsi Ali” , The Axis of the Good , September 16, 2008
  71. ^ Jyllands-Posten online , April 28, 2010
  72. ↑ Axel Springer Prize for courageous critic of Islam , May 10, 2012
  73. ↑ “Hirsi Ali: Children's Book as a Contribution to the Islam Debate” , University of Münster, May 29, 2008
  74. ↑ (Reviews: Ayaan Hirsi Ali - Islam is in a terrible crisis, FAZ, Sept. 22, 2006 , Die Welt, Sept. 23, 2006 )
  75. ^ Review of Islam in Europe. An international debate : “Can Islam be reformed? Garton Ash and Hirsi Ali: The Debate as a Book ” , Tagesspiegel , December 28, 2007
personal data
SURNAME Hirsi Ali, Ayaan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hirsi Magan, Ayaan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch-American politician, political scientist, women's rights activist and Islam critic of Somali origin
DATE OF BIRTH November 13, 1969
PLACE OF BIRTH Mogadishu , Somalia