Isabel de Beaumont

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Coat of arms of the Brienne family

Isabel de Beaumont - actually Isabel de Brienne de Beaumont - (* around 1320 , † after March 24, 1356 ) was an English noblewoman from the noble family of the Counts of Brienne , originally from France , from which her great-grandfather Johann von Brienne became king as a crusader of Jerusalem and later rose to become Emperor of the Latin Empire , her grandfather married the Vice-County of Beaumont-au-Maine in France, making Beaumont a family name - and her father, Henry de Beaumont, 1st Baron Beaumont in England made a career as a general and statesman became Baron Beaumont and through his marriage iure uxoris - 4th Earl of Buchan .

Isabel married in 1334 into the ruling House of Plantagenet in England and through her marriage to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, became the first Duchess of Lancaster and thus became the first ladies at the English royal court under King Edward III. of England (1327-1377).

The network of her relatives and her brotherhood is remarkable, through which she is connected through her ancestors to kings of Jerusalem and emperors of the Latin Empire and through her descendants to numerous European dynasties, such as the kings of England , kings of Portugal , the house of Austria from Emperor Maximilian I († 1519), and the Wittelsbach family , which means that numerous descendants still live from her today.

origin

Brienne-le-Château

Isabel de Beaumont came from one of the oldest French aristocratic families, from the house of the Counts of Brienne , who is documented as early as the 10th century with Engelbert I. de Brienne Count of Brienne († after 968) and whose ancestral seat, in Brienne-le- Château was located in what is now the Aube department in western Champagne .

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Coronation of John of Brienne and Mary of Montferrat as King and Queen of Jerusalem (miniature from the 13th century)

Isabel's family had a connection to the Kingdom of Jerusalem for generations , because of their direct ancestors, Erard I, Count of Brienne († before 1125) took part in the First Crusade in 1097 and in the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 . His son, Gautier II. De Brienne († around 1161), accompanied King Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade in 1147 and his son, in turn, Erard II. Count of Brienne, took part in the Third Crusade in 1189 , where his brother André de Brienne , Lord von Ramerupt - fell during the siege of Acre on October 4th, 1190 after he had penetrated the tent of Saladin - from the house of the Ayyubids - Sultan of Egypt since 1171 and Sultan of Syria since 1174 . Soon afterwards - on February 8, 1191 - Erard II of Brienne also fell in battle.

Of the sons of Erard II, the oldest, Gautier III, followed. de Brienne († 1205), 1191 on his father as Count of Brienne, married Elvira von Hauteville, Princess of Sicily, a daughter of Tankred of Lecce King of Sicily (1190-1194) from the House of Hauteville , thereby became Prince of Taranto and raised - in vain - against Emperor Friedrich II. claim to the Kingdom of Sicily , but fell in battle.

Isabel de Beaumont descends from Johann von Brienne (* around 1169/74; † March 23, 1237 in Constantinople) a younger brother of Erard II. He was her great-grandfather and arguably her most important ancestor. He took part in the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and his first marriage was Maria von Montferrat (* around 1192; † spring 1212), Queen of Jerusalem from 1205 to 1212, a daughter of Conrad of Montferrat and Isabella I, Queen of Jerusalem (1192– 1205). Whose mother was Isabella I. a daughter of King Amalric I. and Maria Comnena , a great-niece of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I was.

Through this marriage, John of Brienne - iure uxoris - became king of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1212. He then ruled the kingdom from 1212 to 1225 on behalf of his minor daughter from this marriage, Isabella II of Brienne Queen of Jerusalem (1212-1228). However, he was ousted from this position by his son-in-law, Emperor Friedrich II. From the noble family of Staufers , who took over the title of King of Jerusalem.

Through his daughter Isabella, Johann von Brienne became the grandfather of Conrad IV in 1225, who was King of the Holy Roman Empire from 1237 , King of Sicily from 1250 and King of Jerusalem from 1228 to 1254 , to whom his son Conradin (* 1252, † 1268 ) - a cousin of Isabel de Beaumont - followed as King of Jerusalem from 1254 to 1268.

Empire of Constantinople

Johann von Brienne rose one step higher, as he was elected as regent for the minor Baldwin II of the House of France-Courtenay , who was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1228 to 1261 , and as such was elected emperor alongside him from 1229 ruled until 1237. Johann's daughter Maria von Brienne (* 1225; † 1275) - a great-aunt of Isabel de Beaumont - married Emperor Baldwin II in 1234 and was the last Latin Empress of Constantinople from 1234 to 1261. She died in exile in France.

Emperor Baldwin II bids farewell to the Polo brothers on their trip to China to see Kubilai Khan

The son of Maria von Brienne - Isabel's cousin - Philipp von Courtenay (* 1240/41; † 1283); Crown Prince of the Latin Empire - lived in exile in Naples after the conquest of Constantinople by the troops of Michael VIII. Palaiologos, Emperor of Byzantium in Nicea , but after the death of his father in 1274 he assumed the title of emperor, ruled over the crusader states that remained Latin in Greece and founded the line of the "Titular Emperor" of Constantinople, the title passed in 1301 through the marriage of his daughter Catherine de Courtenay (* around 1275–1307 / 1308) to Count Charles I of Valois († 1325).

John of Brienne married Berengaria of León († April 12, 1237), a daughter of Alfonso IX , in his third marriage . King of Leon and Galicia (1180–1230) and Berenguela of Castile, who was crowned Empress of the Latin Empire in the Hagia Sophia in 1231 .

France

Louis de Brienne, Isabel's grandfather

Isabel's grandfather Ludwig von Brienne , called "von Akkon" (* around 1230, † 1297) came from the third marriage of Johann von Brienne and was thus born as the imperial prince of Constantinople. However, after the death of his father, he grew up with his brothers in France, at the court of Louis IX. the Holy King of France (1226-1270), because the mother of the king, Blanka of Castile († 1252) was a sister of his grandmother Berengaria of León and thus his great-aunt.

Ludwig von Brienne and his wife Agnes de Beaumont, grandparents of Isabel de Beaumont

Louis von Brienne married Agnes de Beaumont (* around 1225 - † 9 May 1301) on February 12, 1253, who was the heir to her brother Richard II. De Beaumont († 1242) and daughter of Raoul VIII. De Beaumont († 1238 / 39) Viscountess of Beaumont -au-Maine, (now Beaumont-sur-Sarthe in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire ) and Lady of La Flèche , Fresnay-sur-Sarthe , Sainte Suzanne , of Le Lude and Château- Gontier was, making Ludwig von Brienne 1253 Vice Count of Beaumont and lord of the associated estates. At the same time he became the feudal man of Charles I of Anjou, King of Sicily (1266–1285), a younger brother of King Louis IX. the saint of France.

England

Coat of arms of Henry de Brienne -Beaumont, father of Isabel de Beaumont

Isabel's father, Henry de Beaumont, 1st Baron Beaumont (* before 1280, † 1340), - the youngest son of Ludwig von Brienne - was the younger son without rule or title, so tried his luck in England, where he worked as an officer and Diplomat under King Edward I and especially under Edward II , King of England (1307-1327) made his career. He played an important role in the course of the Scottish Wars of Independence , was therefore appointed English Baron Beaumont in 1309 and "Constable of England" in 1322, ie Connetabtle or Commander-in-Chief, and shortly before July 14, 1310 married Isabel's mother, Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan († 1349), a daughter of the Scottish nobleman Alexander Comyn, Sheriff of Aberdeen , and niece and heiress of John Comyn, 7th Earl of Buchan († 1308). This made Isabel's father - iure uxoris - the 4th Earl of Buchan . Isabel's uncle, Alfons von Brienne († 1270), became the progenitor of the Counts of Euaus of the House of Brienne in France through his marriage to Marie von Lusignan-Issoudun, Countess of Eu, a daughter of Count Rudolf II of Eu .

Life

youth

Isabel grew up with her siblings, John, Elizabeth, Catherine, Agnes and Joan Beaumont.

  • John Beaumont († May 1342), Isabel's only brother, succeeded his father as 2nd Baron Beaumont in 1340 and was by his marriage (before June 1337) to Eleanor of Lancaster , † 1372, (daughter of Henry of Lancaster, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and the Maud de Chaworth ) to Isabel's brother-in-law, since his wife was a sister of Isabel's husband. His son Henry de Beaumont continued the family as 3rd Lord Beaumont through his marriage to Margaret de Vere († 1398), a daughter of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford († 1360). The line went extinct with William 7th Lord Beaumont in 1507.
  • Elizabeth de Beaumont († October 27, 1400, buried in Hulton Abbey), ⚭ 1330/31 Nicholas Audley, 4th Baron Audley of Heleigh († 1391). He succeeded his father in 1386 as Lord Audley (no children)
  • Catherine de Beaumont († November 11, 1368) ⚭ David III. Strathbogie 1330 (Titular) Earl of Atholl , who died in the Second Scottish War of Independence on November 30, 1335 at the Battle of Culblean . His son David IV of Strathbogie (* 1332; † 1369) followed in 1335 as the (titular) Earl of Atholl and left behind from his marriage to Elizabeth Ferrers, a daughter of Henry Ferrers Lord Ferrers of Groby, two daughters, Elizabeth and Philippa, who were married to two brothers, Thomas and Ralph Percy, but left no permanent offspring.
  • Agnes de Beaumont († after 1359) ⚭ as his second wife 1343 Thomas Lucy, Lord Lucy († London December 5, 1365) (no children from this marriage)
  • Joan de Beaumont ⚭ Sir Fulk FitzWarin, 3rd Lord FitzWarin

Duchess of Lancaster

Portrait of Henry, Duke of Lancaster, Consort of Isabel de Beaumont - William Bruges's Garter Book (c.1440–1450)
Kidwelly castle whole

A significant turning point in the life of Isabel de Beaumont was her marriage to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster (* 1310/1314 in Grosmont Castle , Monmouthshire , † March 24, 1361 in Leicester Castle ) in 1334 or 1337 . He was then only Lord of Kidwelly in Carmarthenshire in Wales , but came from the House of Lancaster , a younger branch of the ruling House of Plantagenet in England , which was led by Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster († 1296), a son of Henry III . King of England from 1216 to 1272 and derived from Eleanor de Provence . Isabel's husband Henry of Grosmont was the eldest son of Henry of Lancaster, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and of Leicester (* 1281, † September 22, 1345) from his marriage to Maud de Chaworth (* around 1282, † before December 3, 1322 ), the heir to Sir Patrick de Chaworth († 1283), Lord of Kidwelly and Isabella de Beauchamp , daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick . Henry of Grosmont was a prominent English diplomat, politician and general and rose under Edward III. King of England (1327–1377) became the kingdom's richest and most powerful magnate. On March 16, 1337 he was raised to Earl of Derby and followed his father as 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Earl of Leicester in 1345 . He was Lord High Steward of England, Lord Lieutenant of Aquitaine, was one of King Edward III's. Association of the "Knights of the Round Table" created in 1344, was in 1349 - second behind the Prince of Wales - a founding member of the Order of the Garter and, since August 20, 1349, Earl of Lincoln . On March 6, 1351 he was raised to Duke of Lancaster . It was the second duchy ever to be conferred in England. In France he was lord of Beaufort and of Nogent and from 1347 lord of Bergerac . David II. King of Scotland (1329-1371) elevated him to Earl of Moray on April 5, 1359, a title that he never used.

For Isabel de Beaumont, this bestowal of high dignity and offices had the consequence that she too bore corresponding titles as a wife and therefore became Countess of Derby in 1337, Countess of Lancaster and Leicester in 1345 and Duchess of Lancaster in 1352. These awards and titles, which raised Isabel to the highest category of the court hierarchy in England, had not only positive sides for Isabel, because she had to forego his husband's presence in many cases because of the numerous military and diplomatic missions of her husband.

During the first phase of the Hundred Years War , her husband proved himself to be one of the most capable and reliable generals of King Edward II and also took part in the victorious naval battle of Sluis in 1340 . He also served the king in diplomatic missions in the Netherlands - where he spent a year hostage for a great debt of the king - and distinguished himself on October 21, 1345 at the victorious battle of Auberoche (near Périgueux in Gascony ) against France and took part in a crusade in Prussia from 1351-1352 and finally negotiated the peace of Bretigny between King Edward III. of England and King John II of France (1350–1364).

Isabel also had the opportunity to benefit from the intellectual interests of her husband, who taught himself to write, wrote a religious book "Livre de seynrz medicines" and was one of the patrons of Corpus Christi College in Cambridge , which was established in 1352.

Lancaster Castle Ashton Memorial

Isabel lived with her husband alternately in the various residences of the family, for example in Derby in Derbyshire , in Lancaster Castle in the county of Lancashire or in Bolingbroke Castle in the county of Lincolnshire , where she lived when her daughter Mathilda was born, but only from him There are ruins. The last residence was Leicester Castle , in Leicestershire , of which only the great hall remains today. She remained connected to her husband until the end, as both died of the then raging plague epidemic in Leicester Castle . He on March 24, 1361 and she probably only a short time before or after this point in time. Both were buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady in Newarke, Leicester, which had been donated by their husband in 1353 to keep a relic - part of Christ's crown of thorns. Today only two arches remain of the important church, which are located under the Hawthorn Building of De Montfort University.

Marriage and offspring

John of Gaunt, Isabel de Beaumont's son-in-law
Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal, granddaughter of Isabel de Beaumont (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal)
King Henry IV of England, grandson of Isabel de Beaumont

Isabel de Beaumont married in 1330/1334 Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster (* around 1310 in Grosmont Castle ; † March 23, 1361), 4th Earl of Lancaster , Earl of Derby , Earl of Leicester , Earl of Lincoln , Baron of Halton and since March 6, 1351 1st Duke of Lancaster . There are two daughters from this marriage:

  1. Matilda Plantagenet, Countess of Leicester also known as Maud of Lancaster or Mathilda of Hainaut, (born April 4, 1335 in Lindsey; † April 10, 1362). She inherited from her father, inter alia, the county of Leicester , ⚭ I. 1344 Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford († around 1347); ⚭ II. 1352 Wilhelm I , Duke of Bavaria-Straubing , Count of Holland , Zeeland and Hainaut , a son of the Roman-German Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria and Margaret of Holland .
    1. Their only child - a daughter - died as a toddler.
  2. Blanche of Lancaster Countess of Derby (* 1341/1345; † 1368). She became her father's sole heir through the death of her sister , helping her husband, John of Gaunt , to significant wealth and titles, and to become one of the most influential men in England. He was raised to Duke of Lancaster in 1362 , was Duke of Aquitaine or Duke of Guyenne , Earl of Derby , Earl of Lincoln , Earl of Richmond , Earl of Leicester , Lord of Bergerac & Roche-sur-Yon, Lord of Beaufort & Nogent and by his second marriage became titular King of Castile . Three of their children grew up:
    1. Philippa of Lancaster (* 1360; † 1415) ⚭ 1387 João I. de Aviz (* 1357; † 1433) King of Portugal (1385-1433) and was therefore Queen of Portugal from 1387 to 1415 .
    2. Elizabeth of Lancaster , Duchess of Exeter and Countess of Huntingdon (* 1363; † 1426) ⚭ I. 1380 (canceled after 1383): John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1372-1389); ⚭ II. 1386: John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter , Earl of Huntingdon (* around 1352; † beheaded 1400), an older half-brother of Richard II, King of England (1377-1399); ⚭ III. John Cornwall , later 1st Baron Fanhope and 1st Baron Milbroke.
    3. Henry IV Bolingbroke, King of England (1399-1413) ⚭ I. 1380 Lady Mary de Bohun († 1394), daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford ; ⚭ II. 1403 Joan of Navarre (* around 1340; † 1437), a daughter of Charles II. King of Navarre (1349-1387) from the house of France-Évreux .

literature

  • Laetitia Boehm, The House of Wittelsbach in the Netherlands, p. 123 in Journal for Bavarian State History ZBLG 44 (1981) online
  • Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999.
  • Burke's Guide to the Royal Family; First edition; Burke's Peerage Limited, London 1973
  • Christa Dericum, Burgundy and its dukes in eyewitness reports, p. 147 Karl Rauch Verlag, 1966
  • European Family Tables , Volume II.
  • Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes. Crans, Switzerland:
  • Guillaume de Nangis , Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis, in: M. Guizot: Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis in: Collection des mémoires relatifs à l'histoire de France, depuis les origines de la monarchie française jusqu'au 13e siècle 14 (1825) , online
  • Roglo Descendants de Wichman van Eymeren
  • The Peerage Henry VI Plantagenet, King of England
  • The Peerage Joan Beaumont
  • Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades 3, The Kingdom of Acre; Penguin Books 1972
  • Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, UK: The Bodley Head, 1999), p. 123. After cited as Britain's Royal Families.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Burke’s Guide to the Royal Family; First edition; Burke's Peerage Limited, London 1973, p. 196
  2. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables , Volume III, 4 (1989), plates 681–686
  3. ↑ descendants of Jean Baptiste Ollagnier on roglo.eu
  4. ^ Arthur Prévost, les Champenois aux Croisades
  5. ↑ Steven Runciman : History of the Crusades. DTV, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-423-04670-8 , p. 797.
  6. ↑ Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. DTV, 1997, p. 1059
  7. ↑ Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. P. 954, p. 1038
  8. ^ A b Charles Cawley, FMG, Medieval Lands, LOUIS de Brienne
  9. ↑ Guillaume de Nangis, Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis (lire en ligne [archive]), pp. 152-153
  10. ^ A b c Charles Cawley, FMG, Medieval Lands, English Nobility HENRY de Beaumont
  11. ↑ James Balfour Paul (ed.): The Lord Lyon King of Arms: The Scots Peerage . tape 2 . Douglas, Edinburgh 1909, Comyn, Earl of Buchan , p. 250 ff . ( online at archive.org [accessed August 26, 2018]).
  12. ^ Charles Cawley, FMG, Medieval Lands, English Nobility NICHOLAS Audley
  13. ^ Charles Cawley, FMG, Medieval Lands, Scottish nobility, DAVID of Strathbogie
  14. ^ Charles Cawley, FMG, Medieval Lands, English Nobility, THOMAS de Lucy
  15. ^ The complete peerage Joan Beaumont
  16. ^ Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes. Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999.
  17. ^ A b Charles Cawley, FMG, Medieval lands, England Kings, HENRY "of Grosmont"
  18. ↑ The Peerage Isabella de Beaumont
  19. ^ British History Online Colleges: College of the Annunciation of St Mary in the Newarke, Leicester
  20. ↑ GE Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, HA Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 Volume of 14 (1910-1959; reprinted in 6 volumes, Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), Volume XII / 2, p. 908
  21. ↑ European Family Tables, Volume II, Plate 85
  22. ↑ Miroslav Marek, Genealogy: DINIZ I "the Just" , on genealogy.euweb.cz
  23. ↑ European Family Tables , Volume II, Plate 40
  24. ↑ European Family Tables, Volume II, Plate 13
personal data
SURNAME Beaumont, Isabel de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brienne de Beaumont, Isabel de (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English noblewoman, Duchess of Lancaster
DATE OF BIRTH around 1320
DATE OF DEATH after March 24, 1356