Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment "Archduke Rainer" No. 59

1682 "Von der Beckh Infantry Regiment" 1913 "Kuk Infantry Regiment" Archduke Rainer "No. 59" 1915 "Kuk Infantry Regiment No. 59"
Archduke Rainer was the last regiment owner
active	1682 to 1918
Country	Holy Roman Empire : Imperial Army / Habsburg Monarchy , 1804 Austrian Empire , 1867 Austria-Hungary
Branch of service	infantry
Origin of the soldiers	from the entire empire , from 1766: Upper Rhine Empire , from 1781 also Upper Austria , from 1817 Duchy of Salzburg , Upper Austria
owner	1682 Leopold Melchior Van der Beckh , 1693 Ludwig Ferdinand von Marsigli , 1704 Anton Egydius Jörger zu Tollet , 1716 Ottokar von Starhemberg , 1731 Franz Wenzel von Wallis , 1740 Leopold von Daun , 1766 Franz von Daun and Thiano , 1771 Peter von Langlois , 1790 Alexander von Jordis , 1913 Archduke Rainer (Perpetual)
Tribe list	List of infantry regiments of the Imperial Habsburg Army in the early modern period & list of Austro-Hungarian combat troops
Trunk number	1769: No. 59; Ticino : 1682/15

The Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment "Archduke Rainer" No. 59 was put into service in 1682 as the Imperial German Regiment Beckh on foot . It existed until 1918 in the Austrian Empire or in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . The regiment was only given the name "Archduke Rainer" (with the predicate "Everlasting") in 1913. In 1915 the additional designations were abolished, from then on it was only to be called "Infantry Regiment No. 59". However, this could not be enforced in common parlance. The thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all existing stamps and forms should be used up first.

List and whereabouts

Uniform of the Graf Daun regiment around 1762, schematic representation by Richard Couture, Michael Zahn, Jocelyne Chevanelle, Kronoskaf

A first lieutenant's tunic

Caused by the threat of the Turks and the second Turkish siege of Vienna, Lieutenant Colonel Leopold Melchior Freiherr von der Beckh was granted a patent dated January 30, 1682 for setting up an infantry regiment on foot. The regiment should consist of ten companies , the staff and other prima plana , i.e. about 2040 men.

Since it was not possible to recruit this staff, the regiments that were already in existence had to give up men and officers in order to achieve the desired target strength and make the regiment operational.

At the end of May 1682, Freiherr von der Beckh , who had meanwhile been appointed Colonel , was able to complete the formation of the regiment. This infantry regiment "Freiherr von Beckh" was the main unit of the later Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment No. 59.

During the Baroque and Enlightenment periods, the regiment was mainly recruited from the Upper Rhine region of the Holy Roman Empire. Imperial troops had corresponding privileged advertising rights. Barracks were only found in large fortresses , which were by no means sufficient to garrison the entire army. The regiment was therefore deployed with 5 companies each in Lower and Upper Austria . The billeting took place in private houses with the "citizen" or "farmer". The lodger complained about was not only responsible for the accommodation and furnishings ("roof and compartment"), but also for the necessary catering ("home-style cooking").

The first binding adjustment regulation was issued in 1767 . The now uniformly white skirt was equipped with orange-yellow lapels and gold-colored buttons.

In 1769, the individual regiments were assigned permanent numbers by the “highest resolution”. The numbering was strongly influenced by the degree, social rank and seniority of the respective holder. Since at that time the owner of the regiment was the 23-year-old Colonel Franz Graf Daun, by far the youngest of all regiment owners , the regiment was placed in its last position and received number 59, which was valid until 1918.

In August 1805, on the orders of Emperor Franz II, Infantry Regiment No. 59 marched into the Duchy of Salzburg, which was now part of Austria (the previous Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg , the archbishop had fled from Napoleon and surrendered his country to Austrian sovereignty).

After the French withdrew, the regiment came to Salzburg for the second time in 1816. After the final incorporation of the former Duchy into Austria by the Congress of Vienna , the regiment from the Archduchy of Ob der Enns ( Upper Austria ) was permanently moved to the city. The now “k. k. Infantry Regiment No. 59 "to the Salzburg House Regiment. The area of ​​the Duchy of Salzburg and the Inn and Hausruck districts became permanent supplementary districts . Since then, the regiment has been referred to as the Salzburg House Regiment, even if in the end there was only one battalion and the reserve battalion cadre in Salzburg itself.

After it was named "Infantry Regiment Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden No. 59" after its previous owner from 1830, Archduke Rainer became the new regiment owner from 1852 onwards . After his death in 1913, the regiment was given the name "Archduke Rainer" for ever in the army command of SM Emperor Franz Joseph I because of his services .

In 1899 the regiment was placed in garrison in the newly built barracks in Salzburg-Lehen .

On November 3rd and 4th 1918 the First World War came to an end for Austria-Hungary . Parts of the regiment were at that time in the Suganer Valley (Valsugana) and in the Belluno area . These soldiers marched north as one of the few units still intact and were able to successfully evade capture.

The last stop was Salurn ( South Tyrol ), where the regiment ensured peace and order in the country from the end of October 1918. Many attacks and looting by the disbanded and marauding units marching north were stopped by the regiment. The Rainer tried to eliminate the chaotic situation and took care of the protection and food of the population in southern Tyrol. Only when Italian troops crossed the imperial border did the regiment return to Salzburg as a closed unit. It arrived there on November 10, 1918 under its last regimental commander, Colonel Richard von Schilhavsky.

With the dissolution, which began on November 12, 1918, the history of this old Austrian regiment in Salzburg ended in the 236th year.
The successor was the "Salzburg Alpine Hunter Battalion No. 3".

Peace garrisons

Affiliation

I.	II.	III.
1699 Hungary 1712 Transylvania 1718 Banat and Serbia 1721 Palermo 1728 Messina 1726 Lombardy 1735 Ferrara 1749 Milan 1750 Moravia 1752 Eger 1753 Prague 1755 Upper Austria 1768 Bohemia 1771 Enns 1775 catfish 1779 catfish 1790 Belgrade 1791 Enns	1797 Verona 1802 Salzburg 1803 catfish 1804 Bolzano 1806 Linz 1809 Enns 1814 Mainz 1816 Linz 1817 Salzburg 1821 Alessandria 1823 Lombardy then Salzburg 1831 Innsbruck 1845 Bregenz 1849 Verona 1850 Trento 1851 Verona 1853 Brescia	1855 Trieste 1857 Udine 1859 Mantua and Rovigo 1860 Ostiglia and Treviso 1861 Oderzo 1862 Vicenza 1866 Innsbruck 1871 Salzburg 1880 Innsbruck 1881 Trent 1885 Salzburg 1901 Linz 1908 Salzburg 1912 Stab, I. Baon: Bregenz - II. Baon: Innsbruck - III. Baon: Schwaz - IV. Baon: Salzburg

In 1914 the regiment belonged to the 3rd Infantry Division in the XIV Army Corps. It consisted of 97% German-speaking and 3% foreign-speaking relatives. The language of the regiment was German. The supplementary district was Salzburg.

Regimental commanders

• 1903 Colonel Johann Freiherr von Vever
• 1906 Colonel Karl Kohout
• 1909 Colonel Emil Herzberg
• 1913 Colonel Gustav Fischer
• ? 1916 Colonel Otto Scholz
• 1916–1918 Colonel Richard von Schilhavsky

Battle calendar

2nd battalion in front of the barracks in Schwaz

• Great Turkish War

The regiment was first used in the war against the Turks in early June 1683 during the siege of Neuhäusel . Further battles against the Turks followed until it received the marching orders to Sicily on January 5th, 1719 . The island belonged to Austria, but was largely occupied by Spanish troops. The march went from Hungary to Fiume (Rijeka), where embarkation and sea transport to Manfredonia took place . From there the regiment marched across the Italian peninsula to Naples to be embarked there for Milazzo .

Constant fighting with the Spaniards and the hostile population, as well as the extremely poor food and the unfamiliar climate made the soldiers difficult. The regiment suffered heavy losses during this period.

The regiment fought in the following wars throughout its history:

• War of the Polish Succession
• Seven Years War
• Coalition wars
• Wars of Liberation
• Revolution of 1848/49 in the Austrian Empire

May 6, 1848 Battle near Verona

March 31. 1st and 1st April 1849 storming of Brescia

Sardinian war

Battle of Solferino

German war

First World War

Parish church Senftenbach - memorial plaque for Josef Straßer, soldier in the kuk infantry regiment No. 59, killed on December 10th 1915 at Col di Lana

• 4th-14th August 1914: mobilization and deployment

1914 summer campaign against Russia - Ostrow staging area - Zagroda

• August 21, 1914: Meeting within the framework of the 3rd Infantry Troop Division with the 3rd Army west of Lemberg
• Participation in the Battle of Komarów with the 5th Infantry Brigade (General Schneider-Mansau), on August 26th attack on Chrystinopol, on August 29th battle near Poturzyn
• 2-3 September 1914: Retreat to Rawa Ruska , persecution of the Russians
• 6-7 September 1914: Battle near Michalowka
• 4th-11th September 1914: Use of the 1st March Battalion in the Battle of Lemberg
• September 16 to October 3, 1914: The regiment marched back to the Tarnów area
• 3rd-8th October 1914: advance against the San

First lieutenant of the regiment in parade adjustment

Autumn campaign 1914 on the San

• 9-10 October 1914: Skirmishes at Lezajsk-Stare Miasto
• October 22, 1914: Storming of Wolina
• 1st – 2nd November 1914: Skirmish at Risko Malce

Campaign of Krakow 1914/1915

• 17.-18. November 1914: Fighting at Biorkow Maly
• 20-21 November 1914: Battle of Cracow - advance to the Szreniawa
• 23–24 November 1914: fighting near Opatkowice
• 25.-28. November 1914: retreat to Cracow
• 2-3 December 1914: Battle at Dobra
• 6-7 December 1914: advance to the Raba
• 8-15 December 1914: Withdrawal of own troops behind the Stradomka in the line Kamink - Wola Wieniczycka.
• 19. – 21. December 1914: Battle at Glow Sanoka

Trench warfare near Janowice Dolne

• February 2 to March 10, 1915

Corps and Army reserves

• 11-20 March 1915

Relocation to the Carpathian Mountains

• 21-23 March 1915

Trench warfare in the Carpathian Mountains

• March 23 to April 26, 1915

Provision for the breakthrough battle at Gorlice Tarnow

• April 27 to May 1, 1915

Breakthrough battle near Gorlice-Tarnów

• 2nd - 10th May 1915

Trench warfare on the San

• May 16 to July 1, 1915
• 17.-24. June 1915: conclusion of the spring campaign off Ulanow
• June 25 to July 1, 1915: advance over the Tanew

Summer campaign in Poland in 1915

• 2nd-19th July 1915: Second battle near Krasnik
• July 20 to August 4, 1915: Battle of Lublin
• 5th-7th August 1915; Battle for Lubartow
• 8-15 August 1915: conclusion of the summer campaign - battle near Berzowyi Kut

Shift to the north wing of the 1st Army

• 16.-26. August 1915

Rovno campaign

• 27.-29. August 1915: advance over the Styr
• 2nd-8th September 1915: Battle of Olyka
• 19.-25. September 1915: Defense of the Luck bridgehead
• September 26 to October 6, 1915: Battle near Pelza

Trench warfare on the Putilowka

• October 8, 1915 to February 25, 1916

Relocation to South Tyrol

• February 25 to March 4, 1916
• 4th - 27th March: Restoration in Salurn

Spring campaign 1916

• 9-14 May 1916: ready for the breakthrough battle near Folgaria
• 15.-16. May 1916: Conquest of the Coston Ridge and the Soglio d'Aspio
• May 16, 1916: Continuation of the breakthrough on the Folgaria plateau as far as the Baiti Dosello-Osteria Fiorentini-Mte line. Coston.
• May 17, 1916: Storming of the Coston d'Arsiero ridge
• May 18, 1916: breakthrough battle of Folgaria. Italian counter attacks were repulsed
• May 19, 1916: The regiment reaches the Mte. Campomolon -Mte line. Melignon Passo della Vena Tonezza peaks
• May 20, 1916: The regiment is Corps Reserve and for road construction for the artillery used
• May 31 to June 26: positional and defensive battles. The 2nd Battalion blew up Cimonestrasse in front of their own position
• June 27 to July 21, 1916: Trench warfare on Monte Cimone
• July 23, 1916: Loss of the cimone tip
• July 24, 1916: Unsuccessful attack to regain the Cimone tip

Trench warfare against Italy

• 25 July 1916 to 18 September 1917: fighting in the area of ​​Monte Cimone
• September 23, 1916: Demolition and seizure of Monte Cimone

12th Isonzo Battle

• 5th - 23rd October 1917: Provision on the Rombon for the breakthrough battle at Flitsch-Karfreit
• October 24, 1917: Flitsch breakthrough battle
• 25.-30. October 1917: Attack against Vratni Vrh and Prevalla-Scharte
• October 31 to November 5, 1917: advance on the upper Tagliamento
• 6-7 November 1917: Battle at Selva Piana
• 8-12 November 1917: March through the Venetian Alps to the upper Piave
• 13-15 November 1917: advance of the regiment to the Brenta - battle on the Roncone
• 16.-21. November 1917: The battle in the Grappa region begins - the Bonato ridge is stormed
• November 22nd to December 3rd, 1917: Battle for the Col della Beretta
• 4th-6th December 1917: conquest of the Meletta massif
• 7-22 December 1917: reserve

Winter battle on both sides of the Brenta

• December 23, 1917 to January 1918: Storming of Monte Val Bella and Col del Rosso. Trench warfare on Monte Pertica
• January 18, 1918: III. Battalion marches via Primolano to Arsie
• January 19, 1918: III. Battalion moves back to the regiment via species to Pedavena
• January 21, 1918: Relocation of the regimental staff, march to Vezzano, 1st battalion to Libano, 4th battalion to Lasserai, 2nd battalion after relocation to Pedavena
• January 28, 1918: the III. u. Xth Battalion left the regimental association and was used to set up the 107th Infantry Regiment
• February 4, 1918: Relocation to Cortina d'Ampezzo
• 5th-11th February 1918: March to Innichen and restoration
• 11-12 February 1918: Relocation of the regiment to the Felixdorf military training area
• April 2 to May 6, 1918: Restoration in Bohemia , I. u. IV. Battalion in Lobositz , II. Battalion in Kladno

2nd Battalion march to Libusan; One company remained there, the rest of them went to Smecno

• May 17, 1918: 2nd Battalion is transported by rail to Prague
• May 22, 1918: 2nd Battalion was transported by train from Prague to Pergine Valsugana . I. u. IV Battalion marches to Haida and Bohemian Leipa to suppress unrest
• May 24, 1918: The 2nd Battalion arrives in Pergine. The 1st Battalion moved to Brüx by rail

• 2nd-14th June 1918: Provision of the Edelweiss Division on the plateau of the Seven Communities

Second battle on the Piave

• June 15, 1918: Storming of the Col del Rosso. The attack got stuck on Monte Melago
• June 16, 1918: Heavy defensive fighting on Monte Melago
• June 20, 1918: Relief of the regiment and march to Tre Pali

• June 30 to July 5, 1918: Defensive battles at Col del Rosso
• July 6 to October 12, 1918: Defensive battles in Valsugana
• October 12 to November 6, 1918: withdrawal movements to Salurn and return to Salzburg

Flag tip of InfRgt 59

X March Battalion

(The marching battalions were subsequently set up reserve units that were supposed to be added to the troops and actually incorporated. Not infrequently, however, as in this case, these battalions were deployed completely independently.)

• May 6, 1915: Relocation from Salzburg to Klausen
• May 20, 1915: The battalion traveled from Klausen to Innichen . 1st mobilization day against Italy
• May 25, 1915: The X Battalion takes over the Tillianer and Winkler Joch crossings
• May 30, 1915: Relocation of the battalion to Kartisch
• June 2, 1915: The battalion is at the Eisenreich and Oberstanzer See
• September 5, 1915: The Baon marches into position on the Drei-Zinnen-Plateau, where it takes over from the Landesschützen Battalion V / III
• April 30, 1916: The Baon is moved by car to the Pinzolo - Vigo Rendena - Breguzzo area
• 1-10 May 1916: fighting in the Adamello area
• May 16, 1916: Train journey from Trento to Calliano , walk to Besenello
• May 29, 1916: March to Pedescala
• May 30, 1916: advance on the Pta. Corbin
• May 31 to June 3, 1916: Fighting for Monte Cengio
• June 28, 1916: March to Tezelli and Perempruneri
• August 30, 1916: Combat action against the military position to prevent a withdrawal of military forces from the Valsugana
• December 1, 1917: The battalion is relieved from the position near Canove and marches into the Val di Nos
• December 25, 1917: In the winter battle on both sides of the Brenta
• January 2, 1918: Group reserve at Field Marshal Lieutenant Kletter in Campo Mulotale
• January 19, 1918: March to Cegno
• January 28, 1918: The battalion left the regimental association and was used to reorganize the 107th Infantry Regiment

Regimental march

Regimental march is the Rainermarsch , composed by music sergeant Hans Schmid with the original text by music corporal Josef Schopper. The premiere took place on September 11, 1915.

Known members of the regiment

• Alexander von Mörk , killed in a storm attack on the banks of the San in October 1914

Tradition and culture of remembrance

Schärding Castle Park : "Hessen-Rainer-Platz" with a memorial for the Austro-Hungarian infantry regiment "Archduke Rainer" No. 59

• With the establishment of the 1st Republic and the creation of the new Austrian Armed Forces , first the Alpine Hunter Battalion No. 3 and later the Infantry Regiment No. 12 were entrusted with maintaining the tradition.
• After the incorporation of the Austrian troops into the German Wehrmacht in March 1938, the 1st Battalion of the Mountain Infantry Regiment 137 took over this task.
• In 1967 the new federal army took over the tradition of the "old army".

The " Rainerkaserne " in Salzburg has had this name since 1960 . With the army reform in 1998, the 8th Jägerregiment housed in these barracks was dissolved and the tradition of the Rainer was transferred to the military command for Salzburg.

The regiment commemorative day is May 15, 1916, on which the regiment managed to break through the Italian front near Folgaria.

The Rainer Regiments Museum has existed on the Hohensalzburg Fortress since 1924, in the city of Salzburg itself a memorial stone just behind the Mirabell Palace on the left side of the street, an obelisk in front of the entrance to the municipal cemetery at the trolley bend, and the memorial in the Rainer barracks to the regiment. Rainerstraße between Mirabellplatz and the main train station has been named after the regiment since the 1930s.

literature

• Archive of the Salzburg Officers' Society
• Maximilian Lauer: Our Rainer in World War 1914/18. Self-published by the regiment, Salzburg 1918.
• Otto Sedlař: The demolition of the Cimony summit on September 23, 1916. In: Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva (Ed.): History of Tyrol 1848 - 1916. Volume 1: Cletus Pichler: The war in Tyrol 1915/1916. Pohlschröder, Innsbruck 1924, pp. 142–148. (Online at ALO ).
• Robert Striffler: The mine war on Monte Cimone 1916 - 1918. Series of publications on contemporary history of Tyrol, volume ( recte :) 13. Book Service South Tyrol Kienesberger, Nuremberg 2001, ISBN 3-923995-21-0 .
• Andreas von Thürheim: Memorial sheets from the war history of the Imperial and Royal Army . I. Volume. Bookstore for military literature K. Prochaska, Vienna, Teschen 1880, p. 409 ff . ( archive.org ).
• IR 59 in World War 1914 - 1918. Vienna 1959.
• Seidel's little army scheme "Dislocation and division of the kuk army, kuk Kriegsmarine, kk Landwehr and ku Landwehr" Verlag W. Seidl und Sohn, Vienna 1914.
• Alphons von Wrede, Anton Semek: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht . The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Volume I: Infantry. LW Seidel & Sohn, Vienna 1898, p. 529 ff .

Web links

Commons : Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment "Archduke Rainer" No. 59  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Daun Infantry. Kronoskaf the Virtual Time Machine, accessed December 30, 2011 (private wiki project on the Seven Years War ). 
• Regimental history on gebirgskrieg.heim.at
• Internet presence of the Rainer Regiment Museum

Individual evidence

1. ↑ This numbering follows consistently the tables of Ticino. Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century . 3 volumes. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1986, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 .
2. ↑ probably to all now unpopular honorary regiment owners such as Get rid of the King of Montenegro, the King of Italy or the Tsar of Russia in this elegant way
3. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512
4. ↑ See Hessen-Cassel Uniform Daun Infantry Regiment. Kronoskaf, accessed January 3, 2012 . 
5. ↑ There was no binding spelling of the regimental name at that time. The designation infantry regiment "von Beckh" or just "Beckh" was possible.
6. ↑ For this he was paid the lodging allowance (or board allowance)
7. ↑ The equalization colors were drawn
8. ↑ Son of Field Marshal Daun
9. ↑ Erhard Koppensteiner: The Christian Doppler Gymnasium, built as an Austro-Hungarian infantry battalion barracks in Salzburg-Lehen. Contributions to its building, art and military history. In: Landesgeschichte aktuell No. 137, December 2006, pp. 20–26 ( article, pdf, rainerregiment.at ; whole booklet, pdf, salzburger-geschichte.at )
10. ↑ A tributary of the Vistula