kuk infantry regiment "Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine" No. 14

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1733: "Graf Salm
Infantry Regiment " 1892: "Infantry Regiment" Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine "No. 14"
1915: "Infantry Regiment No. 14"

Ernst Ludwig.jpg

The regiment owner Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig von Hessen in the uniform of his regiment
active 1733 to 1918
Country Holy Roman Empire : Imperial Army / Habsburg Monarchy , 1804 Austrian Empire , 1867 Austria-Hungary
Branch of service infantry
Origin of the soldiers from the entire empire , from 1766: Lower Rhine-Westphalian Imperial Circle and Imperial Cities of the Lower Saxony Imperial Circle
owner 1733 Nikolaus Leopold zu Salm-Salm , 1770 Franz Joseph von Ferraris , 1775 Joseph von Tillier , 1786 Wilhelm von Klebek
motto 1918: Black is the color - gold in the heart - loyal to death
Tribe list List of infantry regiments of the Imperial Habsburg Army in the early modern period &

List of kuk combat troops

Trunk number 1769: No. 59; Ticino : 1733/5

The kuk infantry regiment "Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine" No. 14 was founded in 1733 under the command of Count Nikolaus Leopold zu Salm-Salm as the Count Salm infantry regiment under Emperor Charles VI. put into service. The regiment existed until 1918 in the Austrian Empire or in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . The regiment received its last name in 1892. In 1915 the additional designations were abolished, from then on it was only to be called "Infantry Regiment No. 14". However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered that all existing stamps and forms should be used up first.

history

Formation of the regiment

Due to the death of the Polish king August II. In 1733 and the resulting war of the Polish Succession , Austria felt compelled to raise new troops.

With patent by Emperor Karl VI. On November 4, 1733, the President of the Court War Council , Prince Eugene of Savoy , issued a letter of appointment for the drafting of troops to the colonel and thus the first regiment owner, Nikolaus Leopold, Reichsgraf von Salm . He received the order to set up a regiment of 2,300 men. This regiment was called "Regiment Graf Salm" according to the customs of the time.

The distinctive badge color was blue until 1748 when it was changed to black.

Name and owner of the regiment

In 1769 the previous practice of naming regiments after their owner was supplemented by permanent numbering. The regiment was assigned the number 14.

From 1769 to May 16, 1851, the regiment was only called Infantry Regiment No. 14 .

On May 16, 1851, the regiment received the Hessian Grand Duke Ludwig III by the highest resolution of Emperor Franz Joseph . as the new owner. On this occasion, on June 18, 1851, Grand Duchess Mathilde donated a valuable flag ribbon to the association stationed with the 1st Battalion in the Linz palace barracks.

After the death of Grand Duke Ludwig III. in 1877 the dignity of the honorary colonel of this regiment remained with his successors on the throne of the Grand Duchy of Hesse until 1918 : from 1877 to 1892 this was his son, Grand Duke Ludwig IV , and from 1892 to 1918 Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig .

Regimental history 1779–1914

After the Peace of Teschen in 1779, when the Innviertel was defeated to Austria , Regiment No. 14 came to Upper Austria for the first time. It was after Linz and Braunau in garrison placed. Linz became the advertising and supplementary district of the 14th Infantry Regiment for the first time.

The tunic of a platoon leader of InfRgt No. 14
  • 1798: Armament: 17.5 mm commissary shotgun with flintlock, model 1798.
  • In 1805 the regiment was converted into four fusilier and one grenadier battalion of four companies each.
  • 1811: Colonel Archduke Rudolf became the new regiment owner
  • 1817: Garrison in Upper Austria , then Salzburg, Brescia , Mantua , Peschiera , Klagenfurt , Padua and Vienna. Garrison in Upper Austria and Salzburg until 1821.
  • On September 19, 1841, the consecration of the new flags awarded to the three field battalions and the first Landwehr battalion took place on the main square in Linz.
  • 1849: Adjustment : shako , white tunic , blue pantaloons, white passepoils . Normalization of the distinctive stars
  • On May 27, 1859, the flag consecration of the grenadier battalion took place in the presence of the army commander Count Gyulay.
  • 1860–1871: Garrison in Upper Austria a. a. in Vienna, Lower Austria and Pressburg
  • 1861: Consecration of the battalion flag of the 1st battalion in Linz, which was then the regimental flag until 1918
  • 1867: General conscription is introduced - Linz is assigned as a supplementary district command and replacement cadre
  • 1868 equipment with the single loader system Wänzl ( Lorenz gun aptiert ) 13.9 mm . The tunic becomes dark blue, pantaloons light blue, field cap blue
  • 1872: Equipped with the single loader system Werndl ( tabernacle lock ), 11 mm
  • 1872–1901: Garrison in Upper Austria, Vienna, Cattaro , Budua, Třebenice , Innsbruck, Bozen, Sillian , Franzensfeste, Cles
  • On May 16, 1876, the 25th anniversary of Grand Duke Ludwig III. celebrated by Hessen as the owner and namesake of the Hessen regiment. For this reason, a delegation of officers under the leadership of the regimental commander Colonel Ludwig Edler von Cornaro traveled to Darmstadt to meet Grand Duke Ludwig III. to congratulate.
  • 1888: New armament with the Mannlicher M 88 - 8 mm repeating rifle
  • 1908: Establishment of the first machine gun division (2 MG), Schwarzlose M 07 - 8 mm system
  • 1909: II./14 at war level in Mostar ( Bosnian annexation crisis ) First outfit in pike gray
  • 1910: Hofrichter affair - Lieutenant Adolf Hofrichter is convicted of murder and multiple attempted murders. At the time of his arrest in 1909, Hofrichter was a member of InfRgt 14 and stationed in Linz.
  • 1914: InfRgt 14 is one of the few purely "German" regiments of the Habsburg monarchy. The proportion of soldiers with German as their mother tongue is 98%.

organization

Garrisons

After only the 1st Battalion had been stationed in Linz until 1903 , the regimental staff from Bregenz was also transferred to Linz that year . In 1908 the entire regiment was brought together in Linz. Then came the II. Battalion from Innsbruck , the III. Battalion from Bregenz and the IV. Battalion from Schwaz . In addition to the “palace barracks”, the so-called “factory barracks”, the main building of the former woolen factory, which was converted into a barracks in 1856 and accommodated a battalion of the regiment, was used.

Regimental commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1733–1734 Colonel Nikolaus Leopold Rheingraf von Salm
  • 1734–1738 Colonel Count Heinrich IV. Reuss-Plauen
  • 1739–1745 Colonel Ernst von Milner
  • 1745–1752 Colonel Josef Kessel
  • 1752–1758 Colonel Adam Ferdinand Baron Krammer von Obereck
  • 1758–1762 Colonel Christian Freiherr von Beffendorf
  • 1758 Colonel Maximilian Prince of Salm-Salm (2nd Colonel)
  • 1762–1771 Colonel Maximilian August Zorn von Plombsheim
  • 1771–1783 Colonel Maximilian Count Baillet de Latour
  • 1794 Colonel Eduard Jamez
  • 1794–1797 Colonel Franz Marquis de Lusignan
  • 1797–1800 Colonel Franz Freiherr von Kattlinsky
  • 1800 Colonel Karl Graf Paar
  • 1800–1807 Colonel Franz Marziani von Sacile
  • 1807–1809 Colonel Albert de Best
  • 1809–1814 Colonel Martin von Steinmann
  • 1814–1828 Colonel Joachim Ritter von Puteany
  • 1828–1832 Colonel Ludwig Freiherr von Schönermark
  • 1832–1838 Colonel Wenzel Eliatschek
  • 1838–1846 Colonel Franz Ullrich von Ullrichsthal
  • 1846–1848 Colonel Josef Bartsch
  • 1846–1848 Colonel Anton Tauber von Taubenberg (2nd Colonel)
  • 1848–1849 Colonel Josef Tham
  • 1849–1853 Colonel Josef Freiherr Reichlin von Meldegg
  • 1852–1857 Colonel Archduke Heinrich skH (2nd Colonel)
  • 1853–1857 Colonel Josef Freiherr Jablonsky del Monte Berico
  • 1857–1859 Colonel Ferdinand Mumb von Mühlheim
  • 1859–1866 Colonel Adolf Schütte Freiherr von Warensberg
  • 1866–1874 Colonel Peter Narancic
  • 1869 Colonel Gustav Edler von Gautta (2nd Colonel)
  • 1872–1874 Colonel Hugo Ritter Taulow von Rosenthal (2nd Colonel)
  • 1874–1877 Colonel Ludwig Edler von Cornaro
  • 1877–1879 Colonel Arnold König
  • 1879–1880 Colonel Josef Großman von Stahlborn
  • 1880–1883 ​​Colonel Gustav Scharinger Ritter von Olosy
  • 1883–1888 Colonel Karl Kostersitz
  • 1888–1893 Colonel Oskar Negrelli Ritter von Moldelbe
  • 1893–1898 Colonel Sigmund Klug Edler von Klugenwald
  • 1898–1903 Colonel Wilhelm Lahausen Edler von Vivremont
  • 1903–1908 Colonel Heinrich Polaczek
  • 1908–1909 Colonel Johann Linhart
  • 1909–1913 Colonel Alfred Ritter von Hinke
  • 1912 Colonel Dioniys Rabatsch (2nd Colonel)
  • 1913–1914 Colonel Friedrich Edler von Löw
  • 1914 Colonel Thomas Benesch
  • 1914–1917 Colonel Richard von Vittorelli
  • 1915–1918 Colonel Artur von Böschmann (2nd Colonel)
  • 1918 Colonel August von Ontl

Skirmishes and combat operations

Before the First World War

→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1736–1739)

  • 1739 - Salm infantry baptized by fire in battle near Pancova south of Belgrade

→ War of the Austrian Succession

→ Seven Years War

→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War

  • 1788 - Storming of Novi on the Una .
  • 1789 - Storming of Belgrade.
Battle of Marengo

→ coalition wars

  • 1792 - Battle near Trier
  • 1793 - Surrender of Le-Quesnoy, battle near Hesperange , battle near Maubeuge, battle of Wattignies
  • 1794 - Skirmishes at Beaumont, Sivry, Bousignies, Hantes, surrender of Lanrecies, battle at Thuin and Lobdes
  • 1795 - Battle of the Hartberg near Mainz, encirclement of Mannheim, storming of the Galgenberg near Mannheim, battle near Sankt Martin
  • 1796 - Battles at Gardone, Lonate, Desenzano , Volarno, Calliano, S. Giorgio, Favorita, Besenello, Peri
  • 1797 - Battle of Rivoli , battles near Longarone, Raibl, Tarvisio
  • 1799 - Battle of Verona , Battle of Magnano, Battle of Lassano, Battle of Marengo and Modena , Battle of Tidone and Trebbia, Battle of Trebbia , Battle of Novi , Battle of Savigliano and Fassano, attack on Pinerolo , storming of Novi
  • 1800 - Battle near Cadibona, attack on the Bocchetta, battles near Stella, Sauda, ​​S. Martino d ´Albero Albisola, Loano, on Monte Becco, on the Var, on Monte Nave, near Piacenca, Battle of Marengo , Battle of Mincio, Battle at Valegio
  • 1805 - Battles at Bodenbichl, Steinpass , near Unken, battle in Pass Strub
  • 1809 - Battle near Pfaffenhofen, meeting near Landshut , battle near Neumarkt (Bavaria), battle near Riedau, Neumarkt and Ebelsberg , battle near Aspern and Esslingen, battle near Wagram , battle near Znaim

→ Wars of Liberation

  • 1813 - Battle of Hanau
  • 1814 - Battle of La-Rothiere, defense of Troyes , battle of Bar-sur-Aube , meeting at Arcis sur Aube, entry into Paris with the grenadier battalion under Major Putean

→ Revolution of 1848/49 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 During the March uprising, the regiment was used in the occupation of Vienna . Then 2 battalions were assigned to Field Marshal Graf Radetzky in Italy . Outpost battles at Pontafel and battles at Selva, Osoppo and Malcontenta. Another skirmish at Osoppo led to the storming and surrender of the city.
  • 1849 Fighting in Hungary near Komorn and Zsigerd, on June 20th and 21st in the battle near Pered.

→ Sardinian war

  • May 4, 1859 Battle of Magenta
    • Here the regiment lost 5 officers and 172 men to the dead, 25 officers and 647 men were wounded, of which another 97 men later died of the wounds.

Due to the failures in the 1st and 2nd Battalion, these were divided between the 4th Battalion.

  • June 24, 1859 Battle of Solferino
    • The regimental commander, Colonel Ferdinand Mumb von Mühlheim, was fatally wounded by a bullet and was buried in the Villafranca cemetery. In the battle of Solferino the regiment lost 5 officers and 53 men dead and 12 officers and 297 men wounded.

→ German-Danish War

  • February 6, 1864 Battle at Oeversee
  • March 8th chase near Vejle
  • In the further course of the war the regiment came to no more combat action. Until she returned home on November 23, she was on guard and on the beach.

→ German-German war

  • When the danger of war with Prussia became more and more probable in the spring of 1866, a fifth battalion was set up in Linz. In the battle of Königgrätz the regiment was part of the II Corps on the right wing. It was not involved in the battle and lost a total of 12 dead and 30 wounded in retreat skirmishes.

→ 3rd Italian War of Independence

→ Campaign in Dalmatia

  • After the outbreak of unrest in Dalmatia , the regiment was marched on November 7, 1881 to restore order and peace. There was only one battle at Krivošije (Goli Vrh, Vrh Sanik). In May 1882 the uprising had ended.
Major of the regiment in parade adjustment

In the first World War

Command occupation of the regiment in August 1914

  • Regimental commander: Colonel Friedrich Edler von Löw
  • Regimental adjudant: Captain Anton Malina
  • 1st battalion: Major Anton Walter
  • 2nd Battalion: Lieutenant Colonel Richard Tenner (fe.)
  • III. Battalion: Major August Ontl
  • IV. Battalion: Major Ludwig Kirchner von Neukirchen (fe.)
  • 1st company: Captain Karl Weisenbeck Ritter von Weilberg (fe.)
  • 2nd company: Captain Theodor Erhard
  • 4th Company: Captain Rudolf Fischer (captured)
  • 5th Company: Captain Anton von Babuczek (captured)
  • 6th Company: Captain Josef Hnevkowsky
  • 7th Company: First Lieutenant Robert Buley (arrested)
  • 8th Company: Captain Emil Freiherr von Tkalcsevich (fe.)
  • 9th Company: Captain Alois Ritt (captured)
  • 10th Company: Captain Paul Kaltschmied
  • 11th Company: Captain Wittek von Salzberg (killed)
  • 12th Company: Captain Paul Burghard
  • 13th Company: First Lieutenant Hermann Seif (arrested)
  • 14th Company: Captain Georg Böhm
  • 15th Company: First Lieutenant Rudolf Pospischil Edler von Wolfsegger (arrested)
  • 16th Company: Captain Friedrich Vogel
  • I. Machine Gun Division: Captain Heinrich Grum (fe.)
  • II. Machine Gun Division: Captain Agathon Katschy (fe.)
  • III. Machine Gun Division: Lieutenant Walter Coltelli of Roccamare
  • IV. Machine Gun Division: First Lieutenant Emil Schreier (arr.)

Total war status: 123 officers, 4,592 men, 284 horses and 16 machine guns

Russian front

1914

The regiment's rail transport to the staging area began on August 7, 1914 at 7:00 a.m. and initially ended on August 10 in the Carpathian Mountains . Afterwards the regiment was moved to the Grodek area , where the regiment remained from August 11th to 13th. As part of the XIV. Corps (Archduke Joseph Ferdinand ), the regiment was gathered in the staging area of ​​the 3rd Infantry Troop Division ( Field Marshal Lieutenant Roth ) near Sambor and placed under General von Auffenberg's 4th Army .

At the Battle of Komarów (August 26 to September 1, 1914) the regiment took part in the area northeast of Telatyn on the right wing. The baptism of fire at Oszerdow on the first day of the XIV Corps' attack cost the regiment 13 dead, 314 wounded and 59 missing. On August 31, there was a battle near Liski : at 4:00 a.m. the whole regiment with four battalions went over to a united attack against the Russian positions. Here, the unit got caught in the increasingly stronger barrage from Russian machine guns and the massive defense of the artillery. Ultimately, the attack stalled. When there was also a lack of ammunition, the last staff officer, Major von Kirchner, decided to take back the remains of the completely isolated regiment. At 9:10 a.m. the remnants of the companies break away from the enemy in order to avoid complete annihilation. The dead and seriously wounded must be left behind. The remnants of the regiment gathered in Liski. With two weak battalions, including a dozen officers, it followed the advancing XIV Corps the very next day. The regiment recorded 400 deaths and around 1,000 wounded in the number of failures. Only 13 active officers were still operational.

On September 4th, the regimental commander, Colonel Löw, reported sick and was replaced by Colonel Thomas Benesch. After Lemberg had been cleared, the regiment withdrew via Oszerdow and Beltz to Rawa-Ruska . In the battle of Rawa Ruska the XIV. Corps was again badly beaten, the regiment had to withdraw to Rzeszów from September 11th . On September 15, the regiment spent the night after the further march back via Przeworsk in Jaroslau . On September 26th it was in the Tuchla area and at the beginning of October after the retreat to the San section in the Radomischl area.

  • October 13-15: Fighting on the San near Siedlanka
  • October 16 - November 2: Attack and defensive battles near Nisko and Raslawice on the San River
  • November 16 - 24: Battle of Krakow , on November 17, regimental commander Colonel Thomas Benesch fell, until November 26, Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Pöschmann took over, followed by Lieutenant Colonel Richard von Vittorelli.
  • Relocation to the Western Carpathians at the end of November , successful attack battles in the battle of Limanowa – Lapanow until mid-December .
  • December 15-28: Defensive battles near Nivka and Radlow. Winter position battles on Dunajec near Wielka, Wiez, Olszyni and Janowice.
1915
  • February 19, 1915: Attack on Gierowa and trench warfare
  • May 2nd - 3rd: Battle of Gorlice-Tarnów , breakthrough in the Tarnów area
  • May 4th: Attacks near Biala
  • May 6-11: pursuit battles near Pleczna, Zdol, Pustynia, Lubzina, Zawada and Sediczow
  • May 20 - June 5: Defensive battles on the San, near Rudnik, Josefinow and Groble
  • June 17-22, positional battles at Letownia and Rudnik
  • June 23-24 defensive battles near Borovina and Podwolina
  • July 3rd attack battles: near Wola Studzianka, second battle near Kraśnik
  • July 7-10 : Heavy fighting near Zakrzowek on the Byrtrczica
  • July 17th - September 8th: pursuit battles near Jabłonna, Gaydow, Galezow, Swidniczek, Zydicin, Lubartów via Luck and Olyka to the Putilowka.
1916
  • September 30, 1915 to February 18, 1916: Trench warfare near Olyka and east of Luck

Italian front

Factory barracks in Linz
Castle barracks in Linz
1915

After the emergence of Italy's entry into the war and the desperate situation with regard to the establishment of a front in this area, the army high command ordered some marching battalions intended to be replaced to be diverted to Tyrol. There they fought as independent units. During the month of April 1915, under the command of Captain Friedrich Ritter Hantken von Prudnik, the X March Battalion (X IR 14) was set up for Infantry Regiment No. 14 Grand Duke of Hesse. It should be ready to march on May 4th and the departure to the front was scheduled for mid-May. Due to the adverse circumstances that had arisen in the meantime, the available marching battalions were used as "alarm battalions" to defend the Tyrolean border.

On May 6, 1915, it left Linz with 24 officers and 1002 men for Tyrol.

1916

In the spring of 1916 the XIV. Corps (later Edelweiss Corps) under its commander General Viktor Dankl with InfRgt 14 was transferred to the Tyrolean front as part of the 3rd ITD (Infantry Troop Division). The regiment was housed south of Bolzano for ten days in the area around Kurtinig and Margreid . During this period the instruction in alpine warfare took place. From March 19, 1916, the regiment moved to Trento in two night marches , in order to remain here until the start of the planned spring offensive . This was followed by further training in mountain warfare and receiving the necessary equipment.

On March 30th, the I. and III. Battalion from the city to Vielgereuth , where the command staff of the XIV Army Corps was at that time. The II., IV. And V battalions remained in Trento until the beginning of May, in order to then climb to the Sommosattel and via the Durer ring road to the plateau of Lafraun / Vielgreuth (Lavarone / Folgaria). On May 12, the regiment was reunited near the Sebastiano plant to prepare for the storm on Monte Coston.

  • May 15, 1916: Storming of Monte Coston

The 1st Battalion stormed the Coston summit where the artillery preparation had worked so well that the surviving 350 Italians including regimental staff, the commander and the regimental treasury with 13,000 lire surrendered after a short battle. On that day a total of 638 prisoners, 3 artillery pieces, 2 searchlights and 10 machine guns were brought in. The own losses were relatively small.

  • May 18: Storming of the Coston d'Arsiero
  • May 20: The Campomolon plant is taken
  • May 25th: Storming of Monte Cimone and Caviojo
  • May 31st: to June 25th: Participation in the battles for the Priaforà and on Monte Giove
  • July 18, 1916 to February 1, 1917: after the end of the own offensive and the counter-offensive of the Italians, positional battles on Cima del Coston, Monte Majo, Monte Cimone, on the Tonezza plateau and near Molino in the Laghi basin.
  • August 15 to September 17: Participation in the 8th Isonzo Battle (near Oppachiasella)
  • October 18 to November 19: Trench warfare on Monte Pasubio
1917
  • June 10-20, 1917: Defensive battle on the Porta Lepozze-Ortigara
  • July 22nd: positional battles near San Pietro in the Asticotal and on Monte Zebio
  • September 9-17, 1917: Participation in the 11th Isonzo battle.

In the 11th Isonzo battle, the Monte San Gabriele, the last bar to the Wippach valley and against Trieste, was lost to the Italians. The regiment was given the task of retaking the mountain. For this purpose, InfRgt 14, which was only three battalions, arrived on September 9, 1917 near the mountain, which was again under the heaviest fire. The attack was scheduled for the hour before dawn on September 11, 1917. In days of loss-making battles, the mountain was finally brought back into the possession of the Austrians and held until the Italians stopped their repeated but fruitless attempts to regain control of the mountain. When it was replaced by troops of the 20th Honved Infantry Division on September 17, 1917, InfRgt 14 lost two thirds of its original workforce.

→ 12th Battle of the Isonzo

  • October 24, 1917: Breakthrough battle near Flitsch
  • October 26th: Storming of the Tolsti Vrh
  • October 27th: Storming over Prato di Resia - Resiutta - Fellatal
  • October 28: Persecution to San Giorgio - Prato di Resia
  • November 4th: pursuit over the Tagliamento , Stavoli, Tolmezzo , Tramonti, Forcella
  • November 20: Persecution at Clautana, 1439, Longarone , Belluno , Feltre , Fonzaso
  • November 21-23 : Assault battles near Cismon in the Brenta Gorge
  • December 1st - 4th: Defensive battles at Col della Beretta
  • December 25 - January 21, 1918: Trench warfare in the Stizzone Valley in the Grappa area between Col del Orso and Monte Pertica
1918
  • January 26, 1918: Establishment of the 114th Infantry Regiment. The IV Battalion of IR 14 had to be surrendered for this purpose. Likewise, the previously independently operating Xth March Battalion IR 14 (since May 1915) is integrated into the 114th Infantry Regiment.
  • June 15-30, 1918: Fighting on Col del Rosso and on Cima Melago. Last assignment in the Edelweiss Division, last assignment with InfRgt 59 and first and last assignment with InfRgt 114
  • July 3 - July 16: March via Tre Pali - Grigno - Borgo to the Olle - Piegara area
  • July 16 - September 20: Relocation of the regiment by train to the Adige Valley . The regimental staff and the 2nd battalion are housed in Kurtatsch , the 1st battalion in Etiqular and the 2nd battalion in Tramin .
  • August 9, 1918: Emperor Karl received an officer and crew division at the train station in Auer and praised the regiment for its work at Col del Rosso.
  • August 17th - September 19th: Restoration in Vienna.
  • September 20, 1918: Train journey to Trento, march on towards the front to Villazzano.
  • October 27: Departure via Borgo - Grigno - to the plateau of the seven municipalities
  • October 31: March to Grigno
  • November 2nd: March via Borgo to Levico and from there to Roncegno . The 1st Battalion was ordered to cover the retreat against the Italians from the Fiemme Valley on the Panarotta (2002 m) .

I. Battalion

  • November 3: The battalion occupies the Panarotta. Continue over the Weitjoch to Silberberg.
  • November 4th: Starting at 2:00 p.m., battle march via Regnana to Bedollo . On reaching the road from Baselga di Pinè- Brusago, collision with English armored vehicles . The regiment opened fire, but had to withdraw due to a lack of ammunition (60 cartridges per man) and move into the mountains.
  • November 5th: Arrival in Sover . You learn that Trient and Lavis are occupied. Onward march via Grauno to Gfrill (near Meran ) (1328 m) Only there the unit is informed by Kaiserschützen officers about the armistice concluded on November 3rd . They learn from a major of InfRgt 127, who was present at the negotiations in Padua , that everything that is still south of Lavis must be captured and that the Brenner must be crossed by November 10th.
  • November 6: Departure on a Jägersteig. Between Königswiese (1628 m) and Kornspitz (1808 m), the Adige Valley is reached via Montan, Auer , Branzoll at 10:30 a.m. in Laives .
  • November 7th: Arrival in Bolzano
  • November 8th: Waidbruck, Schrambach
  • November 9th: Brixen , Franzensfeste , Mittewald
  • November 10: Sterzing , at 1 p.m. in Gossensaß , then on to Matrei . At 23:00 hrs.
  • November 11th: Drive via Innsbruck , Rosenheim , Salzburg
  • November 12th: At 8:30 am, the 1st Battalion under Captain Vogl arrives at the train station in Linz. It marches closed to the castle barracks and is disarmed there.
Correspondence field postcard from a member of the 13th Company

Regimental Staff, II. Battalion (Obstlt. Schuldes) and III. Battalion (Obslt. Lehmann)

  • November 3, 1918: the above-mentioned units learn of the armistice in Levico
  • November 4th: At 12:30 p.m., the Tyrolean Army Group Command reported: Complete anarchy in every respect. All magazines from south to Lavis looted by mutinous troops. Catering for the retreating troops questioned. Colonel Ontl, aware of the armistice, marches with the regiment towards Brenner. Captain Erwin Hingler, the regimental adjudant, had taken over the station command in Klausen. Enemy cavalry blocked the way between Levico and Trento. For their part, the Italians claimed that the end of hostilities would not take effect until 24 hours after the armistice was concluded. She demanded the laying down of arms, which would have meant capture. Colonel Ontl, for his part, threatened to use arms if the march was not cleared. The Italians then withdrew. Trento was bypassed, via Bozen and Klausen (South Tyrol) the association reached North Tyrol in time. Innsbruck was not allowed to be entered. At the Bergisel , further orders should have been obtained from the army command, but they were no longer available. In Hall in Tirol , quarters could only be obtained after handing over food. The trains were disbanded. As the train journey began, the regiment began to disintegrate, as the commandant, Colonel Ontl, allowed anyone to leave the train at any station and go home. At the train station in Linz, the remnants of the regiment arriving that night were disbanded without a sound.

Over 5,000 members of Infantry Regiment No. 14 fell, died or went missing in the First World War.

Awards for members of the regiment

Before the First World War

Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order
Gold medal for bravery (form 1866–1917)

Military Order of Maria Theresa

  • June 18, 1757: Battle of Kolin Major Prince Maximilian Salm-Salm
  • September 7, 1757: Skirmish with Moys Colonel Adam Baron Kramer von Obereck
  • October 3, 1788: Battle of Novi Lieutenant Josef Graf Fiquelmont
  • September 30th 1789: Conquest of Belgrade Major General Wilhelm Baron Klebek
  • April 24, 1809: Battle of Neumarkt Oberleutnant Georg Fastner Freiherr von Neumarkt

Golden medal of bravery

  • December 11, 1795 - lfde. No. 7 Sergeant Albert near Edenkoben
  • June 7, 1799 - lfde. No. 6 Private Franz Biche on the Piacenza
  • March 26, 1799 - lfde. No. 17 Feldwebel-Adjutant Georg Fastner near Verona, 1793 near Maubeuge, as private silver, knight MTO see above
  • 1813 - Corporal Phillip Bönne at Hanau x - Gottlieb Feilluder private x
  • 1814 - Feldwebel Anton Damm x - Corporal Georg Wolff x - lfde. No. 46 Corporal Thaddäus Pleiner in France
  • 1848 - running. No. 20 Sergeant Moritz Crammer at Cavanella d'Adige - lfde. No. 136 Common Joseph Schober near Osoppe-lfde. No. 159 Private Joseph Timling at Osoppe
  • June 4, 1859 - lfde. No. 22 Flag Leader Johann Enzenhofer near Magenta - lfde. No. 41 Sergeant Matthias Hinterberger at Magenta - lfde. No. 81 Grenadier Peter Nagl at Magenta - lfde. No. 88 Common Anton Pecsey at Magenta-lfde. No. 102 Corporal Franz Sagl at Magenta-lfde. No. 103 Sergeant Carl Schäffer at Magenta-lfde. No. 134 Common Karl Timpel at Magenta - lfde. No. 150 horn player Franz Wieser with Magenta

March 8, 1864 - lfde. No. 11 Cadet corporal Franz Richter at Veile

In the first World War

Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order

  • Major Bela von Szilley, December 4, 1917.
  • First Lieutenant Alois Windisch , on December 4, 1917

Military Merit Cross II class with war decoration with swords

  • Colonel Richard von Vittorelli, September 12, 1917.

Gold medal of bravery for officers

  • Field Marshal Lieutenant Ottmar Panesch Edler von Hohenstegen, on September 19, 1914.
  • Colonel Richard von Vittorelli, from 1915–1917
  • Captain Moritz Edler von Barisani, on June 18, 1918.
  • Captain Josef Vichytil, October 7th - 8th, 1915.
  • Captain Theodor Angele, on September 12, 1917.
  • Lieutenant Julius Wellenreiter, October 7th - 8th, 1915.
  • First Lieutenant Franz Kern, on September 12, 1917.
  • First Lieutenant Johann Hierzenberger, on September 23, 1917.
  • Lieutenant in reserve Dr. Karl Staufer, on September 12, 1917.
  • Lieutenant in the reserve Ernst Schatzberger, on December 4, 1917.
  • Lieutenant Max Nickl, on November 23, 1917.
  • Ensign id Reserve Eduard Appel, February - April 1915.
  • Ensign in reserve Leonard Bielaz, July 7, 1915.
  • Ensign id Reserve Leopold Bleimer, April 21, 1917.
  • First lieutenant in reserve Heinrich Ehrenreiter, on December 8, 1914.
  • Lieutenant in reserve Rudolf Feßl, on February 12, 1917.
  • Ensign in reserve Otto Gabriel, on May 25, 1917.
  • Ensign in reserve Franz Getzendorfer, October 3rd - 5th, 1915.
  • Ensign id Reserve Eduard Jetel, August 30, 1915.
  • Ensign id Reserve Stephan Nemes, July 8, 1915.
  • Ensign in reserve Heinrich Roder, on May 20, 1915.

Gold medal for bravery for teams

  • Deputy Officer Karl Heuberger, June 15, 1917.
  • Officer Deputy Rudolf Reitter
  • Staff Sergeant Richard Mayer, October 7, 1915.
  • Staff Sergeant Karl Stingeder, on May 15 or 18, 1916.
  • Staff Sergeant Franz Weixelbaumer, May 2, 1915.
  • Sergeant Alois Gütlbauer, on June 15, 1918.
  • Sergeant Karl Stark, on May 20 and 21, 1917.
  • Platoon leader Franz Breit, on December 4th or 5th, 1917.
  • Train leader Josef Mahringer, on May 20 or 21, 1915.
  • Platoon leader Karl Schiefermeier, on August 4, 1915.
  • Platoon leader Karl Gsöllpointner, on December 4, 1917.
  • Landsturm platoon leader Franz Pils, June 24-30, 1918.
  • Corporal Florian Breitwieser, on December 4, 1917.
  • Corporal Johann Lehner, June 19, 1917.
  • Private Karl Bachler, June 19, 1917.
  • Private Karl Pfennigberger, on October 7 or 8, 1915.
  • Infantryman Matthias Hubauer, October 8, 1915.
  • Infantryman Ferdinand Wimmer, October 1914.
  • Landsturm infantryman Leopold Karigl, on September 12, 1917.
  • Landsturm infantryman Leopold Reichetseder, on December 2 or 4, 1917.

Summary of the regimental awards in the First World War

Regimental music

Kapellmeister

Important band masters of regimental music were Philipp Fahrbach sen. , who was active as a conductor from 1856 to 1865, Franz Rezek , who directed the orchestra from 1882 to 1911, and Gustav Mahr , who took over the direction of Rezek and held it until its dissolution.

Regimental march

The march of the regiment was the 1916 created Hesse march of Lieutenant rule Karl Pernklau, orchestrated by Gustav Mahr and with a text by militia lieutenant Karl Meyer gate.

1.) From the Landl on the Traun

Back it up
from the blue Danube beach
from Mühelland
from Enns and Steiertal
and everywhere
with pride everyone calls:
The Hessen regiment

2.) Tried and tested in the most difficult times

always ready
wreathed to the flag
the eye shines!
it's one last storm
"D'Linzer Buam"
go inside, were it still hot
and ours is the price

3.) Austria, dear fatherland

yours be my heart
yours be my meaning
yours be the hand
swear it in luck and need:
black the color, gold the heart,
faithful to the end!

There are also around 80 other marches related to the regiment, including three other "Hessen marches" by Jakob Berger, Philipp Fahrbach senior. and Franz Rezek.

Tradition and culture of remembrance

  • The Hessendenkmal next to the Linz Landhaus , inaugurated in 1928, commemorates the around 5000 soldiers of this regiment who died in the First World War.
  • In 1934 the city of Linz named Hessenplatz after the regiment; the Hessenpark is also located there .
  • In 1967 the Austrian Armed Forces took over the tradition of the “Old Army”. The 14th Panzer Battalion was entrusted with maintaining the tradition of the Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment "Hessen" No. 14 .
  • The garrison of the Bundesheer Panzer Battalion 14 is the Hessenkaserne in Wels .
  • In Schärding , the Hessen-Rainer-Platz at the castle park was named after the kuk infantry regiments No. 14 and No. 59 . There is also a memorial for these units.

Regiment Remembrance Day is September 12, 1917, the day of the storming of Monte San Gabriele by units of Regiment No. 14 in the First World War . This is also the official traditional day of the German Army Tank Battalion 14 .

See also

literature

  • IR 14: A book of memories of great times. 1914-1918. Jos. Feichtingers Erben , Linz 1919 (digitized: urn: nbn: at: AT-OOeLB-3030507 ).
  • Maximilian Ehnl: The Xth Battalion of the K. uk Infantry Regiment Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and at Rhine No. 14 in World War II . Linz 1932.
  • Victor Grois: History of the Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment No. 14, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1733–1876). Linz 1876.
  • Hans Rödhammer: Linzer Hessen 1733-1918. The Linz House Regiment IR. 14 and the traditional bearers . Kulturverein Schloß Ebelsberg, Linz 1980.
  • Heinrich Sauer: Linzer Hessen 1733–1936: History of the kuk infantry regiment Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and near Rhine No. 14, the kuk infantry regiment No. 114 and the traditional bearers , published by the Hessen Officers Association. Pirngruber, Linz 1936.
  • Eduard Strassmayr : The Hessen Regiment. From the history of Infantry Regiment No. 14 . Preßverein, Linz 1933 (digitized: urn: nbn: at: AT-OOeLB-1883740 ).
  • Andreas von Thürheim: Memorial sheets from the war history of the Imperial and Royal Army , Volume I. Bookstore for military literature K. Prochaska, Vienna / Teschen 1880, p. 77 ff.
  • Alphons von Wrede, Anton Semek: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century , Volume I: Infantry. LW Seidel & Sohn, Vienna 1898, p. 209 ff.

Web links

Commons : Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment "Hessen" No. 14  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ geneagraphie.com
  2. ↑ This numbering follows consistently the tables of Ticino. Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century . 3 volumes. tape 1 : The master lists . Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1986, ISBN 3-7648-1488-8 . - Volume 2: Names and owners of the regiments of all European states in the “ancien régime”. A collection of material on the individual regiments in alphabetical order, subdivided according to territories. 1993, ISBN 3-7648-1775-5 . - Volume 3: Name registers of the German regiment owners and commanders and regiments of regiments with names of places and countries from all over Europe. 1995, ISBN 3-7648-2402-6 .
  3. ↑ Popularly also called "the Hessen" or "Hessenregiment". Not to be confused with the IR No. 49 Graf Hess , which was called "Hesser Regiment"
  4. ↑ probably to all now unpopular honorary regiment owners such as Get rid of the King of Montenegro, the King of Italy or the Tsar of Russia in this elegant way
  5. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512
  6. ↑ at his own expense - at some point he should get the money back
  7. ↑ Collar and cuffs
  8. ↑ The color of the badge was drawn.
  9. ↑ The regiment number was not chosen arbitrarily, but was assigned according to the aspect of protection. The higher the reputation of the respective regiment holder or his protector, the lower the regiment number
  10. ↑ That applied to all infantry regiments
  11. ↑ Uniform
  12. ↑ blofelds-wallace Vienna 1909 - The "Court Judge Affair"
  13. ↑ There is no information about the missing persons here. However, the number should not have been low
  14. ^ The X March Battalion was not sent to InfRgt 14 until the end of the war
  15. ↑ Regardless of the actual circumstances, this area was called the “plateau of the seven communities” in kuk military jargon, even if it only adjoins further south
  16. ↑ rest period
  17. ↑ which they were right about
  18. ↑ X = are mentioned in the Hessenbuch pp. 33–35, but not described or confirmed in the Book of Golden Brave Bearers 2nd Edition 1900! So the number of 18 awarded is questionable.
  19. ↑ (Source reference, [www.hessen14.at])
  20. ^ Friedrich Anzenberger :  Fahrbach, Philipp . In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 . 2nd revised edition (online only).
  21. ^ A b c Friedrich Anzenberger : For the 125th birthday of Karl Pernklau - he wrote the Hessenmarsch (Upper Austrian traditional march) . In: Österreichischer Blasmusikverband (Ed.): Wind music research . No. 26 . Zeillern May 2016, p. 3 f . ( blasmusik.at [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).
  22. ^ Regimental march of InfRgt No. 14 on youtube