Croatians in Germany

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The Croatians in Germany ( Croatian Hrvati u Njemačkoj ) are the sixth largest group of foreigners with 375,932 people of Croatian nationality .

history

Before World War II

Before the Second World War , only a small number of Croatians lived in Germany . Most of them were workers in mining and industry .

After the Second World War (political emigration)

At the end of the Second World War , Croatians came as political refugees from what was now communist Yugoslavia . They were moderate and radical anti-communists , including people who had supported Croatian fascism . They met the Croatian foreign workers who had been recruited for the mining industry during the war (in 1944 just under 7,999 people). As a result, there were around 10,000 mostly Catholic Croatian immigrants and the German dioceses founded the first Catholic parishes for Croats (Croatian missions).

Period of the Second Yugoslavia (labor migration)

Most of the first generation Croatians came to Germany as guest workers in the 1960s . A particularly large number came from the year when a corresponding agreement was signed between the governments of Germany and Yugoslavia on the acceptance of guest workers from Yugoslavia. During the Croatian Spring , during which, among other things, there were protests against the policy that encouraged the massive emigration of Croats from their homeland abroad, numerous Croatian exiles who were politically persecuted by the Yugoslav communist regime came to West Germany.

The second generation was born in Germany in the 1970s or moved in later as part of family reunification .

Yugoslav Wars (refugee migration)

About 15% of Croatians came to Germany between 1991 and 1995 during the Croatian and Bosnian wars . According to a study by UNHCR and IOM from 1996, the proportion of Croatian refugees and displaced persons from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Germany was 14.84% (about 52,000 people) out of a total of about 350,000 (77.30% Bosniaks ). Some stayed for a long time, but most of them moved back to Bosnia and Herzegovina or to third countries for reasons of residence. In the period from 1996 to 1999 alone, around 6,000 Croatians from Bosnia and Herzegovina moved from Germany to the USA and around 5,600 to Canada and Australia .

Population movements

Structural information on guest workers in Western Europe and the proportion of Croatian and other population groups in the former Yugoslav multi-ethnic state over the past 35 years.

migration
Source: Total number of people from the former Yugoslavia in Western Europe from Croatia from Bosnia-Herzegovina in Germany
1971 census 790,500 workers 6.1% of the population or 308,295 or. 38.3% from Yugoslavia in total (22.2% of the population) 4.8% of the population ?
1973 1,110,000 (860,000 workers + 250,000 family members) 295,000 workers or 34.4% + family members 141,000 workers + family members 55% of all or 605,000 (473,000 workers and 137,500 family members)
Early 1981 1,100,000 (700,000 + 400,000 family members) "At least about 1/3", (" Vjesnik ", April 10, 1982) ? ?
1981 census 815,000 (578,000 + 237,000 family members) 189,000 (135,000 + 54,000 family members), or 23.19% of all ? ?
1986 ? ? ? 591,000 total from Yugoslavia
1991 ? ? ? 775,082 total from ex-Yugoslavia
1992 ? ? ? 915,636 in total from ex-Yugoslavia
2005 ? 228.926 156,872 1,729,091 in total from former Yugoslavia
2006 ? 227.510 157.094 1,452,701 in total from ex-Yugoslavia

Source: "Crkva i hrvatsko iseljeništvo", Kršćanska sadašnjost, Zagreb, 1982 / "Vjesnik", May 14, 2001. Statistički ured, Wiesbaden, 2005.

Current situation

number

According to information from statista.com, there were 368,000 Croatian nationals in Germany on December 31, 2017. In the 2011 census, the number of Croats in Germany was estimated at 330,730. In the microcensus, this number rose from 324,000 (2011) to 407,000 (2015), although there are differences in the definition of the migration background between the census and the microcensus. The Croatian World Congress in the Federal Republic of Germany (KWKD) speaks of around 400,000 people of Croatian origin in Germany. The previous constant decline in the number of Croatian citizens in the Federal Republic of Germany is explained on the one hand by the increased return to Croatia, on the other hand, many, especially young and well-educated people of Croatian descent, decide to take on German citizenship. When Croatia joined the EU, the number of Croatian citizens in Germany increased again.

Older information from the Federal Statistical Office (Croatian citizens):

  • 2011: 220.199
  • 2009: 221.222
  • 2008: 223.056
  • 2007: 225,309
  • 2006: 227.510
  • 2005: 228.926
  • 2004: 229.172
  • 2003: 236.570
  • 2002: 230.987
  • 2001: 223.819
  • 1994: 176.251
  • 1993: 153.146

Distribution to the federal states

Information from the Federal Statistical Office of December 31, 2014

Number of Croatians in German federal states
No. state people
1. Baden-Württemberg 82.092
2. Bavaria 64.163
3. Berlin 9,692
4th Brandenburg 471
5. Bremen 1,167
6th Hamburg 5,668
7th Hesse 38,322
8th. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 260
9. Lower Saxony 11,405
10. North Rhine-Westphalia 41,043
11. Rhineland-Palatinate 8,668
12. Saarland 1.005
13. Saxony 614
14th Saxony-Anhalt 435
15th Schleswig-Holstein 2.129
16. Thuringia 189

Distribution to the cities

Data for 2005

Number of Croatians in major cities
city people
Munich 36,655 (2017)
Stuttgart 29,600
Frankfurt am Main 16,075
Berlin 13,282
Mannheim 6,555
Hamburg 4,585
Düsseldorf ¹ 3,550
Nuremberg 3,392
Hanover ⁴ 3,405
Cologne 2,854
Karlsruhe 2,423
Augsburg ³ 2,237
Offenbach am Main 1999
Food ² 1,944
Pforzheim ¹ 1,481
Wiesbaden 1,263
Wuppertal 1,183
Ulm 1.107
Freiburg ¹ 1,037
Darmstadt ¹ 751
Heidelberg 326

311. December 2004, ²30. June 2006, ³31. December 2007, ⁴31. December 2018

Among the districts and urban districts in the Federal Republic of Germany, Stuttgart had the largest proportion of migrants from Croatia in the 2011 census, followed by Pforzheim.

Length of stay

The length of stay on March 31, 2018 results from the period between the date of the first entry in Germany to the last departure or up to the key date including interruptions (stays abroad are excluded).

Net length of stay in years
under 1 1 to 4 4 to 6 6 to 8 8 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 30 30 and more not predictable total
People: 37,746 104,975 18,442 4.210 3,058 20,793 48,571 97,413 40,724 375.932
In %: 10.04 27.92 4.90 1.12 0.81 5.53 12.92 25.91 10.83 100

For most people who return in recent years to Croatia, there are people in retirement who came in the 1960s and 1970s to Germany.

student

According to a study by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research - BMBF on the proportion of foreigners in schools in 1994, there was the following distribution for Croatian students nationwide:

  • 46.5% attended primary schools
  • 53.3% attended secondary schools

The Croatian students are distributed among the secondary schools as follows:

  • 42.2% attended high school
  • 49.5% attended secondary school
  • 8.3% attended secondary school

religion

Corpus Christi procession of the Croatian Catholic Mission in Freiburg im Breisgau (2017).

There are currently 97 Croatian Catholic missions in which 89 priests, 5 deacons, 61 pastoral workers and 32 secretaries work. The Croatian pastoral care in Germany is dedicated to them .

Athletes (selection)

The following athletes are well-known in Germany with Croatian citizenship or descent:

literature

  • Jenni Winterhagen: Transnational Catholicism (=  studies on migration and minorities . Volume 28 ). LIT Verlag Münster, 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-12346-6 , Chapter 5: Croatian immigration and self-organization, p. 81-125 .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (ed.): The Federal Office in Figures 2017: Asylum, Migration and Integration . 2018, Table III - 4: Foreign population according to the most common nationalities on March 31, 2018, p. 113 ( bamf.de [PDF]).
  2. ↑ Winterhagen 2013, p. 81 (see literature)
  3. ^ "On the social structure of the Bosnian war refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany", - ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.proasyl.de
  4. ↑ Source: Savezni zavod za statistiku, Beograd
  5. ↑ 1971 census
  6. ↑ Information on the countries in which former Yugoslav citizens stayed
  7. ↑ Source: Savezni zavod za statistiku, as well as information from the stat. bilten br. 1239, Beograd
  8. ↑ "Der Fischer Weltalmanach", 1989
  9. ↑ "The Fisherman's World Almanac", 1994
  10. ↑ as before
  11. ↑ as before
  12. ↑ as before
  13. ↑ "Vjesnik" May 14, 2001, http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2001%5C05%5C14%5C15A15.PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.vjesnik.hr  
  14. ↑ Number of foreigners in Germany by country of origin in 2016 and 2017. In: statista.com. Retrieved July 12, 2018 .
  15. ^ Croatian World Congress in Germany. Retrieved July 12, 2018 .
  16. ↑ page 99
  17. ↑ Statistical Office of the City of Munich (Ed.): Demography of the Munich population 2017: evaluations of population movements in 2017 and the population at the end of 2017 . 2018, Table 16: Population as of December 31, 2017 by nationality, p. 14 ( muenchen.de [PDF]).
  18. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 6, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.migazin.de
  19. ↑ [1]
  20. ↑ https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/de/A/ii/2/popupseite0.html
  21. ↑ Map page: Croats in Germany - Counties Accessed on March 31, 2017
  22. ↑ Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (ed.): The Federal Office in Figures 2017: Asylum, Migration and Integration . 2018, Table III - 6: Length of stay of the foreign population by nationality on March 31, 2018, p. 115 ( bamf.de [PDF]).
  23. ↑ Croatian pastoral care ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zivazajednica.de