List of heads of state 938

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Ruler : Muhammad ibn Tughdsch (935-946)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Tatadim (919–959)

• Fatimids
  • Caliph : al-Qa'im bi-amri 'llah (934-946)

• Idrisids in Morocco
  • Imam : al-Qasim Gannun ibn Muhammad (937-948)

Asia

• Armenia
  • King : Abas I (928–952)

• Bagan
  • King : Sale Ngahkwe (934–962)

• Champa
  • King : Indravarman III. (918-959)

• China
  • Emperor : Shí Jìngtáng (936–942)
  • Liao (in North China)
    • Emperor : Liao Taizong (926-947)

• Georgia
  • King : Bagrat I (937-945)

• India
  • Eastern Chalukya
    • King : Chalukya Bhima II (935–947)
  • Chola
    • King : Paranthaha I (907–955)
  • Pala
    • King : Rajyapala (908-945)
  • Pratihara
    • King : Samrat Mahipala (914–943)
  • Rashtrakuta
    • King : Amoghavarsha III. (935-939)

• Iran
  • Buyiden
    • Ruler of Jibal : Rukn ad-Daula Abu l-Hasan Ali (932–947)
    • Ruler of Fars and Khuzistan : Imad ad-Daula Abu l-Hasan Ali (934–949)
    • Ruler of Kirman : Muizz ad-Daula Abu l-Husain Ahmad (936–949)
  • Saffarids
    • Ruler : Abu Jafar Ahmad (923–963)
  • Samanids
    • Ruler : al-Amir as-Said Nasr (914–943)
  • Ciyarids
    • Ruler : Zahir ad-Daula Abu Mansur Woschmgir (935–967)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Suzaku (930-946)

• Khmer
  • King : Jayavarman IV (928-941)

• Korea
  • Goryeo
    • King : Taejo (918–943), called King Wang Geon during his lifetime and posthumously called King Taejo

• Mataram
  • King : Mpu Sindok (929-947)

• Caliphate of the Muslims
  • Caliph : ar-Rādī bi-'llāh (934-940)

Europe

• Bulgaria
  • Tsar : Peter I (927–969)

• Burgundy
  • King : Konrad III. (937-993)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Constantine VII (913–959)

• Denmark
  • King : Gorm (936–958)

• England
  • King : Æthelstan (924–939)

• West Franconia
  • King : Ludwig IV. (936–954)
  • Anjou
    • Count : Fulko I. (929-941)
  • Aquitaine
    • Duke : Wilhelm III. (935-963)
  • Auvergne
    • Count : Robert I. (922-945)
  • Burgundy (Duchy)
    • Duke : Hugo the Black (923–952)
  • Maine
    • Count : Hugo I. (900–950)
  • Normandy
    • Duke : Wilhelm I (927-942)
  • Toulouse county
    • Count : Raimund III. (923-960)

• Eastern Franconia
  • King : Otto I (936–973)
    • Bavaria
      • Duke : Eberhard (937-938)
      • Duke: Berthold (938–947)
    • Bohemia
      • Duke : Boleslav I (935–967)
    • Flanders
      • Count : Arnulf I. (918–964)
    • Holland
      • Count : Dietrich I. (916-939)
    • Lorraine
      • Duke : Giselbert of Lorraine (928–939)
    • Saxony
      • Duke : Otto I (936–973)
    • Swabia
      • Duke : Hermann I (926–949)

• Italy
  • National King: Hugo I (926–946)
  • Benevento
    • Duke : Atenulf II (911–940) also Prince of Capua
  • Ivrea
    • Margrave : Berengar II. (925–964)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Leo VII (936-939)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Aleram I. (932–969)
  • Naples
    • Duke : John III. (928–968 / 969)
  • Salerno
    • Prince : Waimar II (900–946)
  • Tuscany
    • Duke : Humbert (936–961)
  • Venice
    • Doge of Venice : Pietro II. Candiano (932–939)

• Kievan Rus
  • Grand Duke : Igor (912–945)

• Croatia
  • King : Krešimir I (935–945)

• Norway
  • King : Håkon I (935–961)

• Raszien
  • Greater Župan : Časlav Klonimirović (927–950)

• Scotland
  • King : Constantine II (900–943)

• Spain
  • Barcelona county
    • Count : Sunyer I. (911-947)
  • Caliphate of Cordoba
    • Caliph : Abd ar-Rahman III. (912-961)
  • Castile
    • Count : Fernán González (931–944)
  • Leon
    • King : Ramiro II (931–951)
  • Navarre
    • King : García I (931–970)

• Hungary
  • Grand Duke : Zoltán (907–947)

• Wales
  • Gwynedd
    • Prince : Idwal the Bald (916–942)
  • Powys
    • Prince : Llywelyn ap Merfyn (900–942)