Longchaumois
| Longchaumois | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | law | |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Claude | |
| Canton | Morez | |
| Community association | Haut-Jura | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 28 ′ N , 5 ° 56 ′ E | |
| height | 470-1,411 m | |
| surface | 57.60 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,167 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 20 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 39400 | |
| INSEE code | 39297 | |
| Website | www.longchaumois.eu | |
Longchaumois is a commune in the French department of Jura in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté .
geography
Longchaumois is located at 890 m , about ten kilometers north-northeast of the city of Saint-Claude (as the crow flies). The village extends in the Jura , on a wide plateau south of the deeply cut river of the Bienne , on the northern edge of the Frênois Forêt of the Hautes-Combes .
The area of the 57.60 km² municipal area covers a section of the French Jura. The central part of the area is occupied by the Longchaumois plateau, which has a width of 3 km and a length of five kilometers and averages 900 m . This high plateau is drained by the Pissevieille to the west to the Bienne. The north-western boundary of the plateau is formed by the heights of the Monts de Bienne (up to 940 m ), which mark the steep drop to the deeply carved erosion valley of the Bienne (municipal boundary). The river is deepened around 400 m into the surrounding Jura plateau.
The landscape, which adjoins the Longchaumois plateau to the south-east, has only relatively minor differences in relief and is characterized by parallel ridges and depressions (so-called combes ), which are oriented in this area in a south-west-north-east direction according to the direction of the fold of the Jura . From a structural geological point of view, they represent a series of anticlines and synclines , which mainly consist of rock layers from the Upper Jurassic period . To the southeast the height of the ridges increases steadily: Bois de la Chaîtes ( 1150 m ), Bois de la Sambine ( 1320 m ) and Bois de Ban , on which the highest point of Longchaumois is reached at 1411 m . Except for the Bienne and the Pissevieille, the entire municipal area does not show any surface watercourses because the rainwater seeps into the porous calcareous subsoil. In various places there are typical karst phenomena such as sinkholes and cart fields .
To the east, the highland slopes down to various evacuation basins in the headwaters of the Bienne. The border runs mostly on the edge above the more or less high rock fall and is marked by the Mont Fier ( 1300 m ), the Rocher du Tiavy ( 1199 m ), the Rochers des Arcets ( 1161 m ) and the Rocher du Béchet . In the far east, the community area extends to the upper reaches of the Bienne in the Morez valley. Well over half of the area is covered with fir, spruce and beech forests, the rest is predominantly pastureland. The municipality is part of the Upper Jura Regional Nature Park (French: Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura ).
In addition to the actual village, Longchaumois also includes numerous hamlets, groups of farms and individual farms that are widely scattered on the Jura plateau, including:
- Orcières ( 845 m ) on a slope of the Monts de Bienne, sloping slightly to the south, on the Longchaumois plateau
- Les Combes ( 859 m ) on a hill on the Longchaumois plateau
- Les Baptaillards ( 892 m ) on the high plateau south of the Gorges de la Bienne
- Les Charrières ( 1152 m ) on a pasture between Bois de la Chaites and Bois de la Sambine
- the houses of La Doye on the left side of the Bienne in the Morez valley
Neighboring communities of Longchaumois are Villard-sur-Bienne , Hauts de Bienne in the north, Les Rousses and Prémanon in the east, Lamoura and Saint-Claude in the south and La Rixouse in the west.
history
Longchaumois owes its origins to the monks of the Saint-Oyend-de-Joux monastery (now Saint-Claude). These cleared various stretches of land on the Jura, made the area arable and thus laid the foundation for settlement. The name Longa Calma appears for the first time in the 7th century in the monastery documents; literally translated it means long willow . The name Longo Camelo has been handed down from around 1100 .
Longchaumois has belonged to the territory of the Abbey of Saint-Claude since the Middle Ages. Together with Franche-Comté , the village came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. In the course of the 19th century Longchaumois became important as a center for the manufacture of measuring rods, a branch of production that shaped the village until 1960.
Attractions
The parish church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste was built in the 17th century and has a Gothic choir and several important wooden statues from the 16th and 17th centuries. The Maison de la Flore shows, among other things, exhibitions on flora and, in some cases, fauna of the Upper Jura.
population
| Population development | |
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1962 | 773 |
| 1968 | 741 |
| 1975 | 671 |
| 1982 | 741 |
| 1990 | 945 |
| 1999 | 1,092 |
With 1167 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) Longchaumois is one of the smaller communities in the Jura department. After the population had decreased markedly in the first half of the 20th century (in 1896, 1808 people were counted), a significant increase in population has been recorded again since the mid-1970s.
Economy and Infrastructure
For a long time Longchaumois was predominantly a village characterized by agriculture , in particular cattle and dairy farming, and forestry. In addition, there are various small and medium-sized businesses today. In addition to the traditional branches of cheese-making and woodworking, companies specializing in eyewear production, plastics processing and precision engineering are now represented in the village.
As a resort in a popular excursion area in the High Jura, Longchaumois now benefits from tourism, especially from winter tourism, when cross-country skiing can be practiced on the Hautes-Combes plateau. The somewhat steeper slopes near Roches are made accessible by ski lifts for alpine skiing.
The village is located away from the major thoroughfares on the D69, which leads from Saint-Claude to Morez. Further road connections exist with Lamoura and Prémanon.
