Oderzo

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Oderzo
coat of arms
Oderzo (Italy)
Oderzo
Country Italy
region Veneto
province Treviso  (TV)
Local name Or so
Coordinates 45 ° 47 '  N , 12 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 47 '0 "  N , 12 ° 29' 0"  E
height 14  m slm
surface 42 km²
Residents 20,645 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 492 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 31046
prefix 0422
ISTAT number 026051
Popular name Opitergini
Patron saint Titian (Titianus) of Oderzo
Website www.comune.oderzo.tv.it

Oderzo is an Italian city ​​in the Veneto region , Treviso province , with 20,645 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).

Location and economy

The city is located about 28 km northeast of Treviso .

It is close to various motorways (autostrade) and also has a small train station.

Agriculture, trade and small businesses, and tourism are important for the economy.

history

Antiquity

Oderzo is the ancient opitergium , which dates back to the Iron Age in the 9th century BC. Was settled. The place belonged to the territory of the Venetians . It was located in the Venetian alluvial plain on the Monticano river , between the Plavis (now Piave ) and Liquentia (now Livenza ) rivers . Several ancient geographers, historians, and itineraries mention Opitergium. Strabo counts the place to the smaller country towns of Veneto and mentions that it was connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal .

In the 2nd century BC BC Opitergium came under Roman rule and was due to the 148 BC. Chr. Finished Postumia that Genoa with Aquileia association. In the civil war between Caesar and Pompey , the city sided with the former. The authors who are dependent on Livy say about a 49 BC. BC reported heroic deed of the Opiterginer. Caesar's legate Gaius Antonius , who had set up camp on the island of Curicta (today Krk near Rijeka ), was besieged by the Pompeian naval leaders Marcus Octavius and Lucius Scribonius Libo and had to surrender to them because of a lack of food. Among the ships of the Caesarians sent to the aid of Antony, two of the enemies' stratagems, which tried to catch the ships by means of ropes stretched under the water as if in a guard, had happily escaped by the flood; but the one, on which an Opitergium combat unit was located, had hit the shallows and was surrounded by the enemy here. The about a thousand strong crew resisted for a day the rush and the bullets of the opposing army; But when there was no longer any hope of a happy outcome, the rest of the team, on the advice of the tribune Gaius Volteius Capito, killed each other in order not to get into captivity.

For his support for Caesar, Opitergium was rewarded with tax exemption. It was now elevated to the municipality of the tribus Papiria . Under Augustus it became the tenth region of Italy. In the civil war between Vespasian and Vitellius , the legions of Vespasian, led by Mark Antony Primus and Varus and advancing from the Orient via Aquileia against Italy , were welcomed into Opitergium and Altinum with joy .

Sacred and civil buildings of that era have not been preserved; there were only inscriptions and sculptures. Among other things, some decurions belonging to the city council and the cult of Jupiter Ammon are attested . Significant finds are richly decorated round altars and a bronze breastplate from the Augustan era.

167 n. Chr. Was Opitergium under the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomanni wars of the sunken Italian Marcomanni and Quadi conquered and devastated, but soon recovered by the Romans and restored. One of the archaeological remains of this period is a house with polychrome mosaics from the 4th century that depict hunting scenes and representations of country estates. During the 5th century there was a decline in Opitergium. Like the rest of Veneto, the city was exposed to successive attacks by the Visigoths under Alaric (403), the Huns under Attila (452), the Alans (463) and the Ostrogoths (473). Due to Justinian's Gothic War , it came to the Byzantine Empire in 554 and became an important center of the Exarchate of Ravenna .

middle Ages

In the 6th and 7th centuries Oderzo was a bishopric . His bishops included three saints , Florian († around 620), Tiziano († around 632) and Magnus († around 670). In the year 641 the Lombards destroyed the city under their king Rothari , likewise in 667 under the king Grimoald . After the first Longobard conquest of Oderzo by Rothari, Bishop Magnus led the majority of the refugees to Eraclea , where they settled again. Then when Grimoald took Oderzo in 667, he distributed his territory to Treviso , Cividale del Friuli and Ceneda . From now on Oderzo was no longer a bishopric. It was not until the end of the 10th century that the town was gradually revitalized.

During the Middle Ages , Oderzo shared the fortunes of the Ceneda district, as it was part of the Cenedese. When the Hungarians lived in the Venetian area in a warlike manner in 1356, after a long resistance, Oderzo fell into the hands of the enemy, who plundered and burned it down. In November 1388, the city came with the Cenedese to Venice , which left it its urban constitution, but set up a podestà to direct civil affairs. In ecclesiastical terms she was subordinate to the Bishop of Ceneda. In 1414 the Florentine nobleman and military leader Pippo Spano raged against the inhabitants of Oderzo on behalf of King Sigismund .

Modern times

Oderzo later shared the fate of all Venetian possessions in the Trevisan march. In the first half of the 19th century it belonged to the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto as a minor city at the time . In 1866 the Kingdom of Italy came into being . During the First World War , the city suffered severe destruction from November 1917 to October 1918 by the Austro-Hungarian invasion. Field Marshal Svetozar Boroević von Bojna set up his headquarters here and began his ultimately unsuccessful offensive in June 1918 , the goal of which was to victoriously end the war against Italy.

Attractions

Monument in honor of Luigi Luzzatti , Stadtpark, Oderzo
  • The cathedral (Duomo): the church was built in 1235, around 1400 the current building was built, which was subsequently restored several times. The Gothic church has a beautiful rose window ;
  • the "Torresin", also "Torre Littoria", a gate tower renovated in the 1930s;
  • several archaeological remains from ancient times;
  • the Beekeeping Museum (Museo dell'apicoltura) in the village of Piavon.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Maria Stella Busana: Oderzo. Forma urbis , L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER, Rome 1995.

Web links

Commons : Oderzo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Strabon, Geographika 5, 1, 8, p. 214.
  3. ↑ a b c d B. Forlati Tamaro:  Opitergium (Oderzo) Italy . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  4. ↑ Livius, Ab urbe condita , Periocha from Book 110; Florus , Epitoma de Tito Livio 2, 13, 33; Lucan , De bello civili 4, 462-571.
  5. ↑ a b Opitergium. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 8, Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-01478-9 , Sp. 1258.
  6. ↑ Pliny the Elder , Naturalis historia 3, 130.
  7. ↑ Tacitus , Historien 3, 6.
  8. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus , Res gestae 29, 6, 1.
  9. ↑ a b c d e Oderzo , in: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti , 1935, online.
  10. ^ Paulus Diaconus , Historia gentis Langobardorum 4, 38; 4, 45; 5, 28.
  11. ^ H. Leo: Oderzo , in: Johann Samuelansch , Johann Gottfried Gruber : (Ed.): Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste , 3rd section, 1st part (1830), p. 355.