Post and trade routes in the Schwinzer and Nossentiner Heide
The post and trade routes in the Schwinzer and Nossentiner Heide were, as old roads, traffic routes in the center of Mecklenburg. Some have been preserved as hiking trails in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve .
meaning
The lonely heathland was surrounded by small towns, between which diverse economic, cultural and political relationships developed. In the Middle Ages, it was the Hanseatic League that was interested in selling goods inland and had branches in Dobbertin , Glave and Hohen Wangelin . Country roads were also used for communication between secular and ecclesiastical administrations, princely houses and monasteries. After the Thirty Years War , trade and industry revived. As always, the port cities were the origin and destination of trade routes. Many people also felt the need to send messages and goods and to travel. The postal system developed. Mounted messengers delivered the shipments according to fixed postal routes (timetables). Since the Dobbertin monastery office did not see the delivery of letters and parcels fast and safe enough, the nuns let a monastery-owned messenger drive next to the ducal post in the direction of Güstrow for almost 17 years, disregarding sovereign rights. Later on, driving posts appeared that also carried people. As trade increased and surveying became more accurate in the 18th century , freight routes - commercial routes - were established. Many of them connected trading places by a shorter route than the post roads; in parts they were identical.
Of the 208 routes recorded, 161 routes were already recorded on the maps from 1794. The measuring table sheets from 1881 contained exactly 199 routes. After that, only nine new transport links were created. Most of the crossroads were in Neu Schwinz , east of Dobbertin Monastery, and in Bornkrug . Restaurants with Krugrecht developed especially at crossroads. Bornkrug temporarily had a post office with a station . Blacksmiths were important because of the carriage horses and broken wheels and axles .
In the 18th century, a country mile (7,532.5 m) took one hour and 15 minutes in summer and one hour and 30 minutes in winter. The journey of five miles (Goldberg – Jabel) took an average of one day; the journey from Güstrow to Berlin took two full days.
maintenance
The Road Supervision Commission, which was set up in 1701, lacked the will to enforce it. In 1803 there were “actually no country roads at all, insofar as this name only applies to public roads that have been built and maintained with care”. The road commissions traveled the roads in their area every year and drew up reports that were communicated to the landowners. Indeed:
“The summer campaign of the commission had its pleasant sides: the terrain was known, the stage locations were not too far away, the land was abundantly provided with everything, and it was cleverly arranged that one went to breakfast at tenant X, whose wife was the author the best ham was known, for lunch with the farmer Y, who had previously announced the death of a fat calf, and in the evening with the landlord Z, who recently won a bet because of the size of his crucian carp . "
The forestry offices of the Dobbertin monastery were responsible for the constant maintenance and drivability of the unpaved land roads leading through the entire monastery area, including in the Schwinzer Heide.
West-East connections
Ordered from north to south
Goldberg and Dobbertin were the gates to the Schwinzer Heide for west-east traffic . With its extensive and scattered property, the Dobbertin Monastery was extremely interested in reliable country roads. So the Malchower Landstrasse continued into the Dobbertiner Sandpropstei .
Dobbertin - Krakow
As part of a commercial route, the road led from the Dobbertin monastery via the forest workers' villages of Schwinz, Jellen and Alt Sammit to Krakow. The path between Schwinz and Alt Sammit can still be used today. It leads past the Jellen nature reserve . The area was sparsely populated and had light soils that were soon drivable again after rainfall.
Dobbertin - Hohen Wangelin
Probably the oldest connection was the route from the monastery via Lüschow and the north bank of Lake Goldberg to the Schwinzer Heide. Via the Grüner Jäger , Glave and Bornkrug you reached Hohen Wangelin on the northern edge of the Nossentiner Heide. Even in the early Middle Ages , this route was part of a trade route from Hamburg to Stettin. Used by the merchants of the Hanseatic League , it served as a commercial route in the 19th century. Given its width, the path between Grünes Jäger and Bundesstraße 103 is still clearly visible today. He is interrupted by the shooting range at Alt Schwinz and the federal highway 19 .
Dobbertin - Malchow
The Malchower Landstrasse, the oldest monastery route, went from Dobbertin through the Schwinzer Heide to Malchow Monastery and was also used as a post and commercial route at times. She crossed four north-south paths. She crossed the road from Parchim to Malchin at the Samoter Krug, which was built in 1780 and demolished in 1878. She touched today's Paschensee nature reserve .
Parchim - Malchin
The road from Parchim to Malchin connected Hamburg with Western Pomerania . The piece between Karow and Bornkrug was interrupted in 1978 by what was later to become Federal Motorway 19 at Ortkrug. Until then, it is very popular with locals and mushroom pickers as part of a circular hiking trail . At the crossroads with the Malchower Landstrasse north of the Samot lake was the Samot jug.
North-South connections
Ordered from west to east
At the Grüner Jäger, the old north-south connection crossed the land route from Dobbertin Monastery to the Bornkrug Six Way Cross in today's Dobbin-Linstow . There it went on to Malchin in the northeast and Waren in the southeast.
Sternberg - Parchim
In the west of the Schwinzer Heide, the country road led from Sternberg through Kläden (Dobbertin) to the old mill. Only there the Mildenitz could be crossed between Sternberg and Dobbertin. Behind Dobbin (Dobbertin) we continued south (Parchim). To the west one came to Dabel via Borkow , the fief of the Dobbertin monastery . This connection is shown on a map from around 1700. Today it is part of a hiking trail.
Guestrow – Goldberg
Also since the end of the 17th century, guards from Güstrow traveled via Hellberg and Dobbertin to Goldberg and further. A remnant of the country road can still be found near Spendin in the forest west of the Chaussee. A commercial road from Güstrow to Goldberg ran through the forest workers' settlement of Kleesten and Schwinz. With the construction of the highway it lost its importance. The character of the settlements is still preserved today.
Güstrow - Wooster Heide - Lübz
The way led over Rum Kogel through the Schwinzer and Wooster Heide, over the west side of the Damerower See to Penzlin and Lübz .
Guestrow - Wittstock
The oldest connection was probably a land route that led from Güstrow across the Samitter field and east of the Paschensee to Plau and further into the Mark Brandenburg (Wittstock). Alexander von Weltzin, the owner of Alt Sammit , had an inn built in 1689, which was called the Grüner Jäger. In 1780 the path to Gut Bellin was closed . At the beginning of the 19th century, a commercial road led south via Alt Sammit, Neu Sammit and Grünen Jäger. In 1926 , the Neu Poseriner estate owner built a hunting lodge in the forest on the northeast bay of the Damerower See , which stood until 1984. A rondel with rhododendrons reminds of this. At the end of the 17th century, the connection between Krakow and Karow was already being used twice a week by the mail wagons commuting between Güstrow and Alt-Kölln . As the first in Schwinzer Heide, it was expanded into an art street (Chaussee).
Güstrow - goods
From Bornkrug a path led in a south-easterly direction to the Malkwitzer Krug near the Malkwitzer See . That was almost half the way to Neu Gaarz on the eastern border of today's nature park. From the Gaarzer Krug on the Krummen See only wall remains under bushes have been preserved.
Guestrower Landstrasse
An overland path still leads through the Nossentiner Heide from Güstrow via Kieth, Bornkrug and Nossentiner Hütte to Malchow. At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, this route was used by the Mecklenburg Post Office. Later one drove via Krakow, Bossow , Ortkrug, the west side of Drewitzer See and Alt Schwerin to Malchow. After Waren you could continue on the road that is still in use today via Silz , Nossentin and Jabel . This route offered many opportunities to stop off.
Signposts
After the Northern War (1674–1679) , the Dobbertin monastery office had carved and labeled granite stones set up as signposts on the paths it maintained. With the construction of the first art streets they fell into oblivion - like the old ways. In the former monastery area around Dobbertin near the monastery villages of Schwinz, Dobbin, Kläden, Kleesten, Spendin, Altenhagen, Nienhagen, Lohmen, at the forester's house Lähnwitz and at the former Garder Mühle there are 30 marked signposts. At the instigation of Manfred Soltwedel, a volunteer monumental curator from Lohmen, and master potter Jens-Peter Planke from Lenzen, these historical signposts were deciphered, professionally restored and brought to their old location according to old survey maps.
Art streets
When passenger and commercial traffic increased rapidly at the beginning of the 19th century, the poor condition of the roads proved to be an obstacle to economic development. So Paul Friedrich (Mecklenburg) decided in 1825 to create chaussees on suitable country roads :
- Krakow – Plau (1846)
- Karow – Malchow (1848)
- Goldberg – Dobbertin – Güstrow (1849)
- Goldberg – Karow (1871)
With them, one took detours rather than continuing to drive on the poor country roads. The old country roads with their signposts only had local significance. In addition, the Berlin – Hamburg railway line was completed in 1846 . With the grand ducal dangling over Ludwigslust and Hagenow , it made the postal connection between Schwerin and Neustrelitz / Neubrandenburg obsolete; However, it promoted the use of the Krakow – Plau road by setting up express mail from Güstrow to Glöwen with its rail connection in Prignitz, Brandenburg .
Some of the highway houses have been privately renovated and many have fallen into disrepair.
Preserved remains of post roads
According to W. Mewes (2005), p. 14
| Path number | Route | length |
|---|---|---|
| A 12 | Godern Mühle– Pinnow (near Schwerin) | 2.4 km |
| B 11 | Sternberger Burg – district boundary / Buchenhof | 2.9 km |
| B 16 | Kobrow # Stieten - Kuhlen-Wendorf # Holzendorf | 4.6 km |
| BE 20 | Ruester Krug – Weg BE 19 | 2.2 km |
| D 08 | Demen - Wessin | 5.7 km |
| D 15 | Crivitz # Michelwitz - Crivitz # Gädebehn | 3.9 km |
| D 17 | Crossing Crivitz # Augustenhof - Basthorst | 1.1 km |
| D 22 | Wessin– Hof Zapel | 2.9 km |
| D 27 | Bülow (near Crivitz) #Runow –Straße Bülow / Prestin | 1.6 km |
| E 01 | Neuhof - Klädener forest | 0.7 km |
| E 04 | Kleesten –Suckwitz | 1.9 km |
| EB 06 | Ruest– Dinnies (Hohen Pritz) | 1.7 km |
| E 07 | Below - direction Ruest | 1.5 km |
| E 10 | Mühlenhof (Techentin) - Mestlin | 3.0 km |
| F 02 | Street Mestlin / Zölkow– Zölkow | 0.6 km |
| F 04 | Hof Grabow - Kossebade | 1.7 km |
| F 19 | Granzin - Muchow | 2.9 km |
| F 20 | Stresendorf- Granzin | 4.8 km |
| G 01 | Dargelütz –Forst Dargelütz | 1.1 km |
| HE 03 | Herzberg (Obere Warnow) - Mühlenhof (Techentin) | 2.6 km |
| H 06 | Tannenhof - Herzberg (Upper Warnow) | 3.1 km |
| H 38 | District road gasoline | 3.0 km |
| H 52 | Zachow - Siggelkow | 3.3 km |
| I 06 | Street Zarchlin / Plauerhagen - Plau am See | 3.7 km |
| IH 07 | Plau am See - Kuppentin | 7.4 km |
See also
literature
- Wolf Karge, Peter-Joachim Rakow , Ralf Wendt: A millennium Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania: Biography of a northern German region in individual representations . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1995.
- Friends of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park (ed.): Old Post and Trade Roads , leaflet. Karow 1998.
- Wolfgang Mewes: Paths through the country - country paths in the Parchim district . From culture and science, series of publications by the State Office for Forests and Large Protected Areas Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park, Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve association, 4/2005.
- Jörg Gast: From monastery to monastery through the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve. Goldberg 2018.
swell
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg Yearbooks (MJB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin.
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 Department of Agriculture, Domains and Forests.
- Museum City of Goldberg
- Monastery forest files No. 1423, 1424, 1427.
cards
- Bertram Christian von Hoinckhusen : Mecklenburg Atlas around 1700.
- Directional survey map from the noble Dobbertin monastery office, 1759.
- Historical atlas of Mecklenburg , Wiebekingsche map from 1786.
- Topographical, economic and military map of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the Principality of Ratzeburg by Count Schmettau, 1788.
- Prussian land survey 1880, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1882, addendum 1919.
- Economic maps from the Dobbertin Forestry Office, Parchim and Güstrow Office, 1927/28.
- Official cycling and hiking map of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park, 2010.
Web links
- Literature on Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide in the state bibliography MV.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Horst Alsleben : Own messenger for conveying letters. Interesting facts from the history of Dobbertin Monastery: Dispute with the ducal post . Schweriner Volkszeitung from July 12, 2005.
- ↑ Wolfgang Mewes: The historical significance of country roads . From culture and science, series of publications by the State Office for Forests and Large Protected Areas Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Nossentinter / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park Förderverein Naturpark Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide, 4/2005, p. 12.
- ↑ Leaflet Karower Meiler 1998.