Fordglauchau Castle

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East wing of Fordglauchaus with main gate (right: area of ​​the Witwenpalais)
Renaissance stair tower (upper part added around 1840) between the north extensions and the east wing
Fordglauchau Castle Courtyard, looking east, 2015

Fordglauchau Castle is the name given to the extension of Hinterglauchau Castle towards the town of Glauchau . The castle was built between 1524 and 1534 in the style of the early Renaissance . It is therefore considered to be the oldest newly built Renaissance palace in Central Germany . Fordglauchau Castle, together with Hinterglauchau Castle, forms a double castle complex (castle complex) that is unique in Saxony.

Location and access

Both Glauchau castles are located on the Schlossberg, which is separated from the Stadtberg or the city (old town, city center, historically called Rechtstadt here ) in front of the east side of Fordglauchau Castle by the so-called Kurzen Graben . The Schlossberg is located on the right-hand / eastern slope of the Zwickauer Mulde valley . Both castles are separated from each other by a ditch in front of the east wing of Hinterglauchau Castle. In the south, the Schlossberg is protected by the Hirschgrund / Hirschgraben gorge and in the northeast by the probably natural Mühlberg gorge . The Schlossberg slopes steeply on the south, north and west sides. Hinterglauchau Castle is located on the western end (mountain spur) of the Schlossberg, while Fordglauchau Castle is on the eastern part of the Schlossberg. Fordglauchau Castle can be entered via three stone arch bridges and two gates. Hinterglauchau Castle can only be entered via the courtyard of Fordglauchau Castle via a stone arch bridge over its neck ditch. In addition, Hinterglauchau Castle has an underground access (“secret” passage) from the Hirschgrund and a gate to the mountain garden on the southern slope of the Hirschgrund.

Spelling of the name Fordglauchau

"Fordglauchau" (with F) is the spelling that has evolved over time and is mostly used in its history for this castle and the rule that once belonged to it. “Fordglauchau” is therefore regarded as a proper name and has been strictly maintained in this spelling since the GDR era. The castle was occasionally referred to as “Vorderglauchau” on old postcards from the 1920s to 1940s. Booklet 3 of the publication series of the museum and the art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau writes about this in 1981: "Writing for Fordglauchau with an F is derived from the old spelling of past centuries, which was sanctioned by the Schönburgers and has survived to this day."

An inventory list of the “Promote Castle” has been preserved from 1644.

After the front castle was built in 1527–1534, the two castles were still titled as "förder (es) Schloß" and "hinter (es) Schloß" until the middle / end of the 19th century. It was probably only after 1900 that the names Fordglauchau / Vorderglauchau and Hinterglauchau became established.

History of the castle and the rule

Ernst II von Schönburg (1486–1534), mentioned as "Ernnst Herre von Schonburgk zu glauchaw vnd Waldenburg", left it on the grounds of the outer bailey from 1524 to 1534 by the stonemason and sculptor Andreas Günther († 1541/42) from Komotau from Glauchau Castle (later Hinterglauchau Castle ). The expansion became necessary due to the increased level of court ownership. During the same period, the existing rear castle (later called Hinterglauchau) was rebuilt. In 1603, renovation work was carried out on Fordglauchau. The appearance of Fordglauchau is characterized by the two-storey east wing with numerous dwelling houses . It bends north from its previous axis . A hexagonal stair tower, which was raised in 1840, is located between the north wing and the east extension ("east wing"). Its end is bordered by six gables with pilasters and volutes and crowned by semicircular arches. The palace was given its current form as a three-wing complex in 1799 by adding two building parts to the north-western part. The walls of windows, gates, doors and gables were partly made of red Rochlitz porphyry . Most of the (smooth) window frames on the first and second floors date from the 18th century. Profiled window frames from the time it was built can still be found in the midst of the east wing, in the northeast corner building and on the upper floor of the east side of the south wing.

An inventory list of Count Hans Caspar von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1594–1644) gives an overview of the use and equipment of the rooms in the “Promote Castle…” in 1644. The rooms named therein were furnished with plenty of furniture, carpets, hunting utensils, clothing, utensils, weapons and bedding.

As recently as the 18th century, a picture (Schönburg family tree , around 1760) of Castle Fordglauchau and Castle Hinterglauchau - from the south - shows that there were three toilet bays on the upper floor of the southern wing of Fordglauchau .

Due to the family contract of the House of Schönburg of December 2, 1681, the castle complex was divided into the two partial lords of Fordglauchau and Hinterglauchau. As an aristocratic residence in its own right, the Fordglauchau Castle was now organizationally separated from the original complex. 5/9 of the urban area of ​​Glauchau and Meerane belonged to Fordglauchau . The town of Hohenstein , the Elzenberg and Thurm estates , and the villages of Niederlungwitz (partially), Lobsdorf , Lipprandis , Jerisau , Kleinbernsdorf and St. Egidien were administered by the new rule. The responsibilities ended with the recess on May 4, 1740 with the House of Wettin .

During the revolution of 1848 and 1849 the ringleaders tried to set fire to the locks in Glauchau. It failed or was prevented. On April 1, 1848, 1500 residents of Schönburg's villages in the Glauchau courtyard presented their written petitions / demands to the rulers or their representatives.

Around 1867, the painter Wilhelm Gebhardt (1827-1893) created several watercolors of Schönburg castles, including those of Fordglauchau and Hinterglauchau in his portfolio, Die Schoenburgschen Schloesser . With the extinction of the Schönburg-Hinterglauchau line in 1900, the rulers were reunited and the Schönburg-Fordglauchau line continued the rulership. Since Count Joachim von Schönburg-Glauchau lived in Wechselburg , he made large parts of the palace available to the Glauchau Museum, which protected the complex from looting in 1945.

During the GDR era, in addition to the music school, there was a district library “Georgius Agricola” (since 1953), apartments and a branch of the Dresden State Main Archive in Schloss Fordglauchau . The latter was later relocated. Around 1991, the “Kreiskabinett für Kulturarbeit” (district cabinet for cultural work) was also located in the Fordglauchau Castle. Parts of the palace had been inhabited since the GDR era and until after 2010 (?).

A large corridor and cellar was located under the Fordglauchau Castle. You can access it through a door in the courtyard directly on the left behind the gateway to the east gate. For security reasons, it was filled with concrete during the GDR era, so it cannot be visited today. At no time was there a connection between the corridors and cellars of Hinterglauchau Castle and Fordglauchau Castle.

The castle builder Ernst II von Schönburg

Ernst II von Schönburg (1486–1534) was known as a strict sovereign and bitter opponent of the Reformation . On May 15, 1525 he was the leader of the troops of Duke Georg von Sachsen in the battle of Frankenhausen . The Reformation pastor and peasant leader Thomas Müntzer was captured and taken to the nearby, very safe water castle Heldrungen of Count Ernst von Mansfeld, where Ernst II von Schönburg was also staying.

Shortly after this battle, Ernst II returned to the Schönburg dominions and put down the peasant unrest here in May 1525. He had many leaders imprisoned, tortured, executed or punished by deprivation of their property and heavy fines, although the farmers had made fairly moderate demands, such as the right to fish and the sermon in German. Executions of peasant leaders are documented for Glauchau, Hartenstein, Lößnitz, Elterlein and Sankt Joachimsthal (here Ernst II was co-owner of the estate) under Ernst II von Schönburg.

On February 5, 1525, Ernst II von Schönburg was appointed by Duke Georg von Sachsen - his friend - to the ducal-Saxon secret council . This was probably the decisive factor for the construction of Fordglauchau Castle between 1527 and 1534.

In 1531 Ernst II, together with the Freyburg bailiff Taubenheim, was entrusted with a revision of all the ducal-Saxon offices in Thuringia by Duke Georg von Sachsen. This proves the special relationship of trust with Duke Georg von Sachsen. In 1534 Ernst II von Schönburg died.

Former court at the Glauchau palaces

Under Ernst II von Schönburg (1486–1534) Glauchau Castle was rebuilt and Fordglauchau Castle - the “promoting” castle - was built. His previously considerable court was expanded accordingly. The servants were divided into " traveling " (mounted) and " common " (unridden) servants. The former included foresters, hunters, cooks, kitchen boys, servants, grooms, bakers, tailors, and wagon servants. More than 24 people were employed as servants. The servants, the fishermen, the laundress and the wet nurse were counted among the common servants .

Stately officials also worked at the castle . The stately administration was the bailiff before. He was responsible for the locks , which u. a. monitored the labor services . The kitchen master and the clerk were also officials . On the Glauchauer castles there was also a Captain (practically a castle captain ). In connection with the so-called Schönburg fratricide at Schloss Hinterglauchau in 1617, Captain Wolf Dietrich von Geilsdorf is documented. The barbers Hans Jakob Schenk and Adam Hauenstein, who established the death of their stabbed brother Otto Wilhelm von Schönburg, are also documented.

A court jester "Gregor" has been handed down under Ernst II , and under his son Georg I von Schönburg (1529–1585) even two dwarfed fools.

In Lehnbuch of 1526 is a text that the Glauchauer executioner Lorenz Reinhart for cleaning / emptying of all "secret Gemache" ( abortion ) and the "Spuntflasche" (dungeon in Castle Hinterglauchau) was responsible for the Glauchauer castle, as often as is necessary.

In 1737 Johann Adam Nitzsche was "Hochgräflich Schönburgischer bailiff of Glauchau and Wechselburg". The Gräflich Schönburgische Schloßcompagnie existed from 1757 to 1779 , a castle guard with up to 16 musicians (military court orchestra), which initially comprised a total of 75 men. She was subordinate to the castle captain.

Apart from the musicians of the castle company, there should not have been a permanent court orchestra at the Glauchau castles . However, some names of musicians employed here have been passed down, for example in the 17th century for some trumpeters , as well as the lutenist Sigmund Aigner (1558/59) in the 16th century. In 1727 the singer Johann Gottfried Heymer is mentioned.

In 1805 Johann David Seifert, "High Counts Schönburgisch noble purveyor to court , cloth and garment tailor " died in Glauchau.

Officials in the Glauchau castle and manor in the 16th century.

According to Walter Schlesinger , the management of the court and administration of the Glauchau office could not be strictly separated in terms of personnel in the 16th century.

The following positions / officials are documented:

  • Hauptmann, historically also Hauptman (so 1517)
  • Chief captain
  • Sub-captain
  • Bailiff , historically also amptman (so 1534)
  • Kitchen master
  • Locks
  • Landknecht, not to be confused with a Landknecht
  • Fronbote, also called Fron , a court servant
  • Clerk
  • Kitchen clerk

The captain (and temporarily the chief captain) was practically the highest official function in the Schönburg office of Glauchau. They are apparently also identical to the officiator in charge . According to Schlesinger, these posts originally arose - in the Middle Ages - from a military function, the castle captain or castle captain . Later they also took on the role of bailiff or judge. Until modern times, only they were allowed to hold courts of high jurisdiction ( neck court ) and (also in cases of lower jurisdiction) to determine court sentences for the accused. Officials could also impose prison sentences or waive them on payment of a fine by a surety. The position of bailiff / captain was usually occupied by a nobleman. Regarding the salary of a Schönburg bailiff, Ernst II. Von Schönburg expressed himself in his will in 1534 for his underage sons under the guardianship government as follows: "My opinion is also that one cannot give an officer (s) over 200 or 300 gulden Ja (h) rlo (h) n now give should (l) ”.

Oberhauptmann and Unterhauptmann were posts mainly during the time of guardianship for underage heirs, such as those of Ernst II von Schönburg (1484–1534) from 1534. At that time, the Oberhauptmann was basically for all Schoenburg lordships , not just for the office Glauchau in the 16th century. The sub-captain, on the other hand, did the simple, usual day-to-day duties of a captain in the Glauchau office. From 1556 the posts Oberhauptmann and Unterhauptmann fell away. Captains / officials were also responsible for the administration of the Bottle Official Prison , the dungeon in Hinterglauchau Castle . They decided on imprisonment / pre-trial detention and release against a surety or against payment of a fine (comparable to today's bail ). In 1524 the Schönburg bailiff of the Glauchau rulership sued the manor owner Heinrich von Ende auf Ponitz , because the latter had unauthorized - i.e. illegally - had a woman found hanged (suicide?) Removed at night. However, the Glauchau office in Schönburg or the local bailiff would have been responsible.

Although the post of captain / bailiff was mostly occupied by a nobleman, according to the research results of Theodor Schön (1855-1911), employee of the Schönburg chancellery in Glauchau, these captains were also counted as servants by the Schönburg rule : “Ordinnaire servants: all here initially to commemorate the captain, who according to his duty has the highest supervision, also due to the locksmith ”(with“ locksmith ”the lock could have been meant).

The traditional farmhand was a police officer who was subordinate to the bailiff / captain and was responsible for security on the streets and squares of the city of Glauchau and for the care of the inmates in the prison “Bottle” (dungeon) in Hinterglauchau Castle and also for the two gate guards of the city Glauchau was in charge.

The Fronbote , also known as Fron , was apparently a bailiff / court servant whose task it was to personally summon defendants to court (proceedings) or to obtain answers from them to indictments. Schlesinger suspects that the servant and the farmhand were identical functions. The Schösser was the highest tax officer in the Glauchau office. He controlled and managed all expenses / bills that arose on a daily basis. Twice a year he had to provide the Glauchau (the ruling Schönburger) rule with a list of all the expenses of the office. With the establishment of a chancellery building in Castle Fordglauchau in 1799, Schösser sat in this chancellery. At times, the locker also took on the duty of the bailiff / captain to hold courts. The Schösser took the judicial penalties set by the court or captain / bailiff for the rulership, as documented in 1616. Twice a year, at Walpurgis and Michaelis , the Schösser presented his completed main account to the chief, who checked it in the presence of the ruler and signed.

In central Germany in the 16th and 17th centuries, kitchen masters are usually high tax officials. Apparently the chefs were at the same time the castles of the office. Kitchen masters and locksmiths often also represented the captain / bailiff in his absence. For the master chef, this is documented here from 1527.

The kitchen clerk meticulously kept receipts for all expenses in the kitchen. They were presented to the castle on a weekly basis.

Official clerk was possibly a post that corresponded to that of a clerk of the rulership and was possibly also a clerk of the office of Glauchau or the Glauchau suburb in the so-called regional court . The regional court was responsible for all court cases in the villages in the Glauchau rulership. Under Veit I von Schönburg (first mentioned in 1370, † between 1421 and 1423), Lord of Glauchau, Hartenstein and Waldenburg, a notary (secretary)is documented as early as 1390.

The mentioned posts / officials were probably not city officials of the city center and / or the legally independent Glauchau "Vorstad (t)" but were subordinate to the Schönburg rule of Glauchau or the so-called "Gesamt (m) thaus Schönburg", which was established in 1524.

The city and / or lordship also maintained two gate guards for the (at least four) Glauchau city ​​gates , to which the land servant and bailiff / captain were personally responsible.

Former castle mill

The so-called castle mill was located below the north wing of Fordglauchau at the foot of the castle hill until it was demolished (after 2000?) . It was driven by the former Mühlgraben , which was branched off from the Zwickauer Mulde . In earlier centuries it was not called the castle mill, but "Mahlmühle", but was always owned by the Schönburg office of Glauchau. In 1882 it was then referred to as the castle mill. According to tradition, it already had 13 " grinding wheels " in the late Middle Ages (are they referring to grinding stones or water wheels ?), Which is why the "Pirnische Mönch" Johannes Lindner mentions them with great admiration in his chronicle (1530?).

Church of Sankt Georgen with hereditary burial

The Georgenkirche (Baroque new building from 1726–1728) is located near the Fordglauchau Castle - and formerly adjacent to its Vorwerk . This is where the oldest Glauchau cemetery was originally located. Later it was relocated to the younger Gottesackerkirche.

The church was originally not a municipal church, but a separate church of the Lords of Schönburg. A crypt / hereditary burial was set up here. This "main church" of Glauchau, including the extensive auxiliary building "Geist (l) iche and school building", was under the patronage of the Schönburgers. In 1536 the church loan is said to be given by the lordship .

Only one small crypt is currently known in Sankt Georgen for Hans Kaspar von Schönburg (1594–1644), his wife and children. The Hinterglauchau Castle Museum is currently trying to find out which Schönburgers were buried in this church. The said small crypt is only opened for research purposes.

Partition treaty 1556 and general government

On May 1, 1556, a partition agreement was signed between Wolf II, Hugo II and Georg I von Schönburg. Wolf II received the dominions and castles Rochsburg, Penig and Wechselburg. Hugo II. Lichtenstein and Waldenburg. Georg I received Glauchau and Remse. Hartenstein and Geringswalde remained in common ownership. The lines “Schönburg-Penig-Rochsburg” (with Wechselburg), “Schönburg-Waldenburg” (with Lichtenstein) and “Schönburg-Glauchau” (with Remse) are created. In 1556, a general government in Schönburg was set up, which was probably based at Castle Fordglauchau.

In 1575, Georg I von Schönburg-Glauchau bought Greßla's dominion in northern Bohemia. Later Augustus von Schönburg-Glauchau became the owner of Greßlas. In 1604 a house contract between Wolf III. von Schönburg-Penig-Rochsburg, Hugo II. and Veit III. von Schönburg-Waldenburg as well as Georg II. and Augustus von Schönburg-Glauchau closed.

Schönburg chancellery and archive in Fordglauchau

For centuries, records and documents from various Schoenburg rulers were centrally stored in Castle Fordglauchau - no later than the establishment of the general government of Schönburg in Glauchau in 1556 . Safe in this since the construction of the office building in 1799.

The city of Glauchau later had its own archive in the old town hall. When the city archive was completely destroyed in the fire in the town hall in 1813, the documents in the manorial archive in Fordglauchau were spared. In the 1940s, the historian Walter Schlesinger used the “Gräflich Schönburgischen Archive” for research a. a .: Official register of the Schönburg rulers from 1536, hereditary book of the Glauchau rulership from 1616, shock tax notices from 1675–1678 and official accounts from various centuries.

On April 26, 1893, the Schönburg archive secretary Dr. Giefel and his colleague Theodor Schön (1855–1911) commissioned to write a story for the House of Schönburg . Between 1901 and 1910, Theodor Schön published eight volumes and a supplement to the document book of the House of Schönburg in Waldenburg / Saxony. This literature is also named as the history of the princely and counts' common house [!] Schönburg. Titled document book of the gentlemen von Schönburg .

The princely Waldenburg line had its own office built there after the old, rear Waldenburg Castle was demolished ; this building still exists today (2020) next to the keep . The files and documents of the Princely Waldenburg Chancellery that had still been preserved were largely destroyed around / after 1945 when a clinic for tuberculosis was established in Waldenburg Castle. Parts of it were probably also brought to the archives in Castle Fordglauchau.

After 2000 (?) The historical archive still existing in Fordglauchau was (good) completely transferred to the Chemnitz State Archive . There are now (2010) the files of the "Gräflich Schönburgische Archiv Glauchau", the "Fürstlich und Gräflich Schönburgische Gesamtkanzlei Glauchau", the "Amtsgerichtsarchiv Glauchau" and the "Fürstlich Schönburgische Archiv Waldenburg".

The Schönburg-Glauchau line expires in 1610

On October 3, 1610, the Schönburg-Glauchau line died out with Augustus in the male line. Until 1632 the Schönburgers fought for his inheritance.

Division of the Glauchau office in 1623

In 1623, as a result of a fraternal division of the estate, the Glauchau office was divided into a "rear" and a "promoter". The offices of Hinterglauchau and Fordglauchau were created. The associated legal division of the inner city (here called "Rechtstadt") and the market square can still be recognized on today's market square by the existence of two pharmacies.

Sequestration in 1636, 1647 and 1675 by Electoral Saxony

Due to the debt of the Schönburg office in Glauchau, compulsory administration (sequestration) was carried out by Electoral Saxony as early as 1636 . The Glauchau office was now for the time being administered by the Electorate of Saxony.

Also in 1647 there was a forced administration. Count Wolf Friedrich von Schönburg had the Saxon sequestrator expelled from Glauchau. The Electoral Saxon military then moved into Glauchau and took the count into custody.

Because of renewed debt of the Office of Glauchau came on March 11, 1675 Zwickau Schösser in the courtyard Glauchauer (meaning safe lock Forderglauchau) and sealed the left here schönburgische office building.

Second residence in Wechselburg from 1673

Since 1673, the Wechselburg monastery was converted into a castle on the Schönburg-Fordglauchau line as a secondary residence.

Division of Glauchau castle and rule in 1681

On December 2, 1681, the Glauchau lordship was divided into the partial lords of Fordglauchau and Hinterglauchau. Other sources cite the year 1623 for the division of the estate and the origin of the names "Hinterglauchau" and "Fordglauchau". As a separate aristocratic residence, Castle Fordglauchau was organizationally separated from the original complex.

Line and office of Schönburg-Penig-Mittelglauchau 1681–1763

From 1681 to 1763, in addition to the lines and offices of Hinterglauchau and Fordglauchau, there was also a line Schönburg- Penig -Mittelglauchau, which was founded by Count Wolf Heinrich († 1704) and which went out in 1763 with Count August Siegfried. It is unclear whether this line had a residence in Glauchau.

A line "Schönburg-Unterglauchau" also existed for a short time with Count Albert von Schönburg-Unter-Glauchau († 1799) (see master list of the gentlemen of Schönburg).

Splitting of the rule of Fordglauchau in 1683 and the castle of Fordglauchau in terms of ownership

In 1683 the previous rule of Fordglauchau on the Schönburg-Fordglauchau line was divided into the rule of Penig and the rule of Wechselburg.

In terms of ownership , the Fordglauchau castle was divided into the Peniger part and the Wechselburger part . The Schönburg-Fordglauchau-Wechselburg and Schönburg-Fordglauchau-Penig lines now each had their own area in the Fordglauchau Castle. The peniger part was the east wing - with today's main gate - and the "north wing" with the carriage depot on the ground floor. The Wechselburg part was the south wing of Castle Fordglauchau facing the Hirschgraben. Count Ludwig von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1762–1842), the guardian of Count Carl Heinrich Alban von Schönburg-Fordglauchau-Wechselburg (1804–1864), who was not yet of legal age, rented the so-called Peniger share of the Fordglauchau Castle for the latter.

Immediately after his marriage, Count Heinrich von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1794–1881) was forced to rent the Peniger share in Castle Fordglauchau in May 1820, since Hinterglauchau Castle was apparently very dilapidated at that time and should have been rebuilt / renovated. In the summer of 1863 - after the St. Marien chapel had been repaired - he was apparently planning a complete renovation of Hinterglauchau Castle, but this no longer came about. With the death of Count Alban von Schönburg-Fordglauchau (1804–1864), the property passed to his son, Count Carl von Schönburg-Fordglauchau (1832–1898). Carl now claimed the entire Fordglauchau Castle for himself and his wife to use, so that Heinrich von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau, who had rented in, had to move out of the “Peniger part” with his family.

General government of Schönburg in Glauchau

In 1721 Johann Ernst von der Lage was the government director of the Schönburg government. On his return trip from negotiations in Vienna, Electoral Saxony had him arrested in Plauen in order to put pressure on the Schoenburgers. On October 21, 1740, the overall government of Schönburg was re-formed after the recession with Electoral Saxony . In 1734 Johann Adam Nitzsche is documented as "Hochgräflich Schönburgischer Amtmann zu Glauchau and Wechselburg".

On March 1, 1836, the Schönburg government was dissolved and replaced by the general chancellery. This government, or parts of it, were safely seated in the Fordglauchau Castle and later here in the office building. In 1864, Carl Geutebrück was a chancellor in Glauchau and reported to Count Heinrich von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1794–1881) on the progress of construction in Schloss Hinterglauchau (south wing) by post to Schloss Gusow . When Walter Schlesinger had the book Basics on the History of the City of Glauchau printed in Glauchau in 1940 , the “Princely and Countess General Chancellery” still existed in Glauchau.

Loss of the imperial immediacy of the rulers in 1740

By main and Nebenrezesse with Electorate lose Beautifully Burgi's dominions Glauchau (Forderglauchau and Hinterglauchau) Waldenburg, Lichtenstein, hard stone and stone on May 4, 1740 its imperial immediacy in favor of the Electorate of Saxony. Since then they have been called "Rezessherrschaften" (Rezess = court proceedings). In fact, they now belong sovereignly to the Electorate of Saxony, but the Schönburgers still have some sovereign rights that are gradually being dismantled by Saxony.

New secondary residence in Penig from 1790

In 1790 the "front castle" (since then "New Castle") was rebuilt in Penig . Instead of the renaissance building, a classical castle was built. In addition to Wechselburg, it served as a secondary residence for the Fordglauchau line.

Former water art and castle brewery

According to the Glauchau Chronicle by E. Eckardt, there was a brewery in Glauchau Castle (Fordglauchau?) ; and for the water supply of the castle and brewery there was a water art / pumping station, called "Kunsthäuslein", on the Zwickauer Mulde with a water pipe to the castle. Independently of the old urban water pipe that supplied the city center, the castle had its own early modern water supply . Nothing of it remained.

Former castle grounds

With the construction of the Fordglauchau Castle, the former Vorwerk of the castle (Hinterglauchau) was lost. A new castle forecourt was built, probably at the same time as the construction of Fordglauchau. This older Vorwerk, the "front manorial Vorwerg", was still around 1800 between Castle Fordglauchau and the Church of St. Georgen . There was also the official Fronfeste , a city prison. To the north of this Vorwerk was the so-called “ plan ”, which was partly designed as a park-like garden (belonging to a large - apparently stately - building). In addition, there was a stables and a granary near this Vorwerk .

Certainly later, a second Vorwerk was built south of the two castles instead of today's Heinrichshof (former district court). The older eastern Vorwerk later belonged to the Lordship of Fordglauchau, the southern Vorwerk in the south of the castle garden of the Lordship of Hinterglauchau. As the maps of Glauchau show, both farms were still preserved around 1800, but had already disappeared in 1882. According to Walter Schlesinger, the southern Vorwerk may have originally been the "Lachsgut" of the Burgmann Dietz Lachs mentioned in a document or arose from this.

In the middle of the 16th century, in front of the Niederes Tor city gate outside of the “Langen Vorstadt” Glauchau, another Vorwerk was built, about which nothing else is known, according to Walter Schlesinger . The Low Gate stood until its demolition in 1838 at the bridge over the small valley "Outer moat" in the later "Imperial Reichspost- and telegraph office" (today's post office Glauchau). This Vorwerk stood near today's Schillerpark / Schillerplatz by the Gottesackerkirche, which still existed at that time.

A small Vorwerk still existed in Wernsdorf (near Glauchau). In 1662 there was still a Vorwerk in the lower town of Glauchau ( Wehrdigt ) at the upper water bridge on the Zwickauer Mulde. In addition, there is said to have been a preliminary work on the "vineyard" (location?).

Walter Schlesinger was able to determine a number of figures on the economic efficiency of some of the castle's forecourt and the manorial sheep farm on the Großer Teich (today a dried up sheep pond near Reinholdshainer Scheermühle ). In 1586 it is reported: "The Vo (r) works and mills are very dilapidated and very poor ...".

Building history

Former castle kitchen and bakery

On the western south side of the south wing - to the east directly next to the south gate passage - an extension with a pent roof protrudes in the direction of the deer ditch in front of the front of the south wing. In old documents, this extension was called an "oven" and is said to have been built at the beginning of the 18th century. It had a half-timbered upper floor, as old views show (including a Schönburg family tree with a picture of the castle, around 1760).

Remnants of a castle kitchen / court kitchen from the 17th century, which was formerly located on the ground floor, were found here. The remains of this have been archaeologically uncovered and restored. The room with the remains of the castle kitchen can be viewed on special dates (and upon request from visitors via the Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau). This object in Castle Fordglauchau is part of the Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau. When the south wing was renovated in 1603 under Augustus von Schönburg-Glauchau (1583–1610), the court kitchen is said to have been set up. It is said to have been in use until around 1900.

See: Illustration of the bakery / castle kitchen on the left in the panorama picture

Former castle chapel in Fordglauchau

Maria adoring her child, above the portal to the former chapel, 2014

At times there was also a chapel in Fordglauchau, of which a burnt clay relief with Christian figurative decorations - Maria adoring her child - stylistically made after Andrea della Robbia (1435–1525) can be seen above a portal with a rectangular frame in the castle courtyard (north side, south wing) Attached at the end of the 19th / beginning of the 20th century. This chapel, like the one in Hinterglauchau Castle, was consecrated to Saint Mary , which can be seen on the preserved altar and the clay tablet. The chapel is said to have been inaugurated as a Catholic chapel (new?) In 1869. The chapel formerly located in the western part of the south wing of Fordglauchau was a single-aisled room, to which a small, narrow sacristy was attached to the south . A late Gothic winged altar belonging to the original furnishings , with a coronation of Mary in the shrine , is now in the small front side chapel of the Catholic Church (parish "Mariä Himmelfahrt", Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 34) in Glauchau. The altar also shows two full-length saints (carvings) on each of the wings , two male in the right wing and two female in the left wing and the death of the Virgin in the predella . This historical altar is not completely preserved, missing parts, e.g. the frame, have been replaced by restoration. The altar was dated "around 1500" in the list of historical monuments of the state of Saxony.

Former horse stables

There used to be horse stables on the ground floor of the south wing , which apparently extended to the court kitchen and chapel. So they were below today's music school. These horse stables were used as such until the end of the 19th century. Today (2020) they no longer exist.

Chancellery, prison and northern corner extension

Stately prison (left) with the office building ("north wing", right)

An extension on the “north wing” of Fordglauchau was a historic prison. The "north wing", a chancellery building with a coach house on the ground floor, was built in 1799 together with the prison. Before that, the corner extension on the east wing already existed on the north side. This corner extension also originates from the period of construction for Fordglauchau (half dwelling on the stair tower!) Or is even older in its lower part.

The local prison was not a city prison, but one of the Schönburg rule (s) Glauchau or their administration in the chancellery. The city of Glauchau had its own independent prison, the official Fronfeste , which was located next to the “front manorial fore” near the church of Sankt Georgen.

East gate, south gate and bridge-like archway to Hinterglauchau Castle

The main gate of the castle is the gate in the east wing of Fordglauchau, above which the reading room of the library is today. The access to the castle leads over the “Burggraben” fortress by means of a brick arched bridge to this gate. In addition to today's main gate in the east wing of Fordglauchau, there is a second gate in the south wing. The courtyard-side renaissance portal of the south gate has a square frame and shows the year 1603 in a volute-shaped keystone. This probably refers to a renovation of both castles in 1603. From this gate a path led over the one that was being restored in 2019 Hirschgrund Bridge, a historic arched bridge over the narrow "Hirschgrund" valley, to the south. The renewed Hirschgrund Bridge was completed in 2020. The Hirschgrund protected the south side of both castles instead of a ditch. This south gate drive to Fordglauchau was restored around 2018. On the west side of the south wing there is a two-arched bridge-like arcade , which connects the south wing of Fordglauchau with the Hinterglauchau castle. As the illustration of Glauchau Castle by Wilhelm Gebhardt from 1867 shows, the bridge-like archway used to be bricked up at times - probably for structural reasons. Today it is open again and is an architectural highlight of the Glauchau double lock complex.

The two renaissance portals of the east gate complex (east side and courtyard side) were probably plastered with red porphyry sand plaster at the beginning of the 19th century . The originally preserved two gate wings of this gate consist of oak planks . They still have a painting from the 18th century with a Schönburg coat of arms on the Habsburg imperial eagle.

  • Details on the east gate (east view): three Schoenburg coats of arms in both spandrels and in the apex of the gate and the former hatch

  • A gate wing of the east gate with the Habsburg imperial eagle and the Schönburg coat of arms in it (the Schönburgers were directly imperial until the 17th century )

  • Fordglauchau castle courtyard: east gate (left), south gate (center) and bridge-like archway (right) to Hinterglauchau castle over its moat

  • South side of the bridge-like archway (left: Hinterglauchau Castle with the stair tower)

Fortification system for Fordglauchaus

The south and north sides are naturally protected by steep slopes. On the south side through the Hirschgrund . A former stately animal enclosure is suspected here, which gave the Hirschgrund its name.

The castle courtyard is separated from Hinterglauchau Castle in the west by the bricked-in neck moat with the two-arched bridge. On the east side (in front of the east wing of Fordglauchau) there is also a ditch carved into the rock or partly already present, the so-called short ditch . This eastern ditch probably originates from the Vorwerk / Vorburg of the former Glauchau Castle. This outer bailey was located in place of the Fordglauchau Castle, which was built later. From the fortifications of this former outer bailey, the eastern gate drive to Fordglauchau with the (walled up) slip gate still visible today on the eastern side comes from . Here at this outer bailey (in the Gothic period) there were certainly two drawbridges for the main gate and hatch.

In front of the main gate and on the south-east corner of the east wing, two brick arched bridges span the access - over the eastern moat - from the upper town to Castle Fordglauchau and past its south side to the Hirschgrund Bridge. To the north of the main entrance to the Fordglauchau Castle there is a ditch carved deep into the rock, which was probably partly a natural gorge - like the Hirschgrund. Here, the historic Mühlberg street runs through this gorge from the upper town past Fordglauchau's north east side down to the lower town. The castle mill (demolished after 2000) used to be located here in the lower town under the north side of Castle Fordglauchau . Originally a city ​​gate is said to have stood here - at the lower end of Mühlberg Street , the Mühltor . From the Mühltor a road led over the "Oberwasserbrücke" to Meerane and on to Altenburg . Burg Glauchau (with Vorburg / Vorwerk) were most likely integrated into the - not preserved - fortifications of the city of Glauchau with this city gate. After the city wall was built, Glauchau Castle was therefore a city ​​castle . From the Glauchau city fortifications only a few retaining walls in the gorges dividing the upper town have been preserved.

The former so-called castle garden (today practically a park) south of both castles is directly accessible from Fordglauchau via the Hirschgrund bridge. This bridge already existed in 1799, as old maps of Glauchau show. It was restored in late 2019 / early 2020.

Attic dwelling houses

Zwerchhaus with gable: structured with horizontal cornices, vertical pilasters (half columns) and delimiting half and quarter circles

Characteristic of the Northern European Early Renaissance in Central Germany are the dwelling houses at Castle Fordglauchau with their facing gables with horizontal cornices , a pilaster structure and semicircles and quarter circles. The dormitories of the south wing appear wider than those of the east wing, those of the south wing are also crowned by volutes . The dwelling houses of the south wing were probably built when the castle was renovated in 1603 (year above the gate of the south wing in the courtyard).

Since the western part of the south wing burned down after an artillery fire in 1945 and was only restored from 1977 onwards, three of this wing are restored copies of the others.

The east wing has five on its east side, two on the courtyard side, the south wing on its south side three dwelling houses, one on the west side (facing Hinterglauchau) and three more on the courtyard side. At the corner extension ("north wing") there is half a dwelling next to the Renaissance stair tower.

Fire in the south wing in 1945 and its reconstruction

On April 14, 1945, Fordglauchau Castle was set on fire by American artillery when men from the Volkssturm were apparently trying to defend the castle against the advancing Americans. Parts of the south wing burned down. A spread of the fire to Hinterglauchau Castle could just be prevented. In 1977 (or 1978) the restoration of the partially burned-out south wing and monument preservation measures began on the whole of Fordglauchau Castle. A representative hall for events and use as a music school was set up on the upper floor of the south wing. This reconstruction was completed in 1982.

Remarkable fabric in the buildings

In the doorway of the east wing, an old staircase that climbs straight to the south begins, via which the first floor of the east wing (library) and south wing (music school) is entered. It has well-worn stone steps. The doorway of the east wing has been expanded to form a “room” with two arcades that rest on a round column with a square base .

In the interior of the upper floor of the east wing there is a gallery on its west side - that is, towards the courtyard - the wall surfaces between the windows are divided by arcade arches. This gallery (corridor) is used by the library as an entrance area and can therefore be entered. The rooms to the east of the gallery were decorated with stucco in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They are also used by the library. The library reading room also belongs to these rooms. It is located to the north above the gate in the east wing (on its east side) and contains a fireplace with a Schönburg coat of arms above it, as well as a wall cupboard arranged in mirror symmetry (to the door in this wall) above which is a second identical coat of arms. Its ceiling is also decorated with stucco.

The remains of a castle kitchen from the 17th century, formerly located on the ground floor of the south wing, have been archaeologically uncovered and restored. The castle kitchen can be visited on special dates (and via the Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau).

On the first floor of the northern part of the east wing there is another room - used as a heating room in 1981 - with a groin vault supported by a strong round pillar (probably at the end of the 15th century). This room is now known as the White Vault . It has windows on the east side of the east wing. In the room above, grooved beam ceilings from around 1500 have been retained, and so are those in the former “garden room” on the south side of the east wing on the ground floor. The room adjoining the White Vault at the northeast corner of the Fordglauchau Castle also has a groin vault, but no supporting column. These parts must have been part of the former outer bailey or one of the outlying works of Glauchau Castle - from the late Gothic period  - as they date before the new construction of the Fordglauchau palace (1524–1534). In a room to the west of the garden hall there is a column made of Rochlitz porphyry with a chalice capital and an octagonal base , which probably comes from the time before the building of Fordglauchau. This column supports parts of the heavily curved beamed ceiling , which is also present in this room. The garden hall extends from the south-east corner of Fordglauchau to the gate of the east gate and is used today by the "Galerie art gluchowe". The garden hall formerly had a door on the south side of Fordglauchau, as an exit to the palace garden, which is now walled up. Today's garden room is separated from the adjacent room with the column by a thin wall. This wall was apparently drawn in later at a later date and divided the older garden hall into a new hall and a room with a column.

Todays use

Fordglauchau Castle is used as the Clara Wieck district music school of the Zwickau district and the Georgius Agricola city ​​and district library (on the upper floor of the east wing above the gateway and on the upper floor of the northern extension). In the southern part of the east wing (with the castle gate) there is still the “art gluchowe gallery” in the so-called garden hall , in which art exhibitions of the Hinterglauchau museum take place on special dates. The association Gräflich Schönburgische Schloßcompagnie also uses rooms in the Fordglauchau Castle. A "historical guard room" in the "north wing" (extension) of Fordglauchau was recreated, which is intended to remind of the historical function of the castle company, a guard battalion (castle guard) and can be visited on special dates. A caretaker who is responsible for both castles has an office in the northern part of the east wing of Fordglauchau.

Rental of the concert hall

The concert hall , which is regularly used by the music school - on the upper floor of the south wing - is rented by the city of Glauchau for private celebrations.

Rental of the White Vault

In the northern part of the east wing there is the so-called White Vault on its east side and an adjoining room on the north-east corner of the castle. Both rooms have a groined vault from the late Gothic period . The vaulted ceiling in the white vault is supported by a late Gothic round column. The White Vault and its adjoining room are rented out by the city of Glauchau for private celebrations.

Unique Glauchau double lock system

Only from the aerial photo can the extent of the two castles of Fordglauchau and Hinterglauchau - assembled into a double lock complex unique in Saxony - be revealed . Visitors who reach Glauchau by car from Crimmitschau or Zwickau can hardly see the castle complex from a distance, as today (2019) there are many tall trees on the north side, west side and parts of the south side. The double castle complex would actually be visible at ground level from the south (park next to the Hirschgraben), but here too, heavy tree growth, especially in the Hinterglauchau area, blocks the view of the entire complex.

In 2004 the Glauchau Museum (now the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau) celebrated its 120th birthday. An aerial photo map of the double lock system was issued for this purpose.

  • Left: View of Fordglauchau's south wing with the protruding former kitchen / bakery over to Hinterglauchau Castle

  • View over the double castle complex in 1921

  • Hinterglauchau Castle (left) with the former Rondell (Hinterglauchau bakery with chimney) and Fordglauchau Castle (right), around 1856

  • Glauchau before 1836 (steel engraving): North wing for Fordglauchaus (center) and north wing of Hinterglauchau (right) with the tower in the northwest corner of the north wing, behind it the stair tower in the southeast corner of the courtyard

A similar “multiple lock complex ” from the Renaissance has been largely ruined at Mansfeld Castle (Vorderort, Mittelort and Hinterort castles) in Saxony-Anhalt .

Originally, the Waldenburg palace complex of the Schönburger was also a double palace complex of the Renaissance, consisting of the "rear palace" (early Renaissance building with keep of the Waldenburg castle) and the "front palace" (probably a more recent Renaissance building), separated by a moat. This former Waldenburg double castle complex is still shown on a Schoenburg family tree - created between 1600 and 1760. These locks were demolished in 1783 (rear) and from 1848 (front). In place of the rear castle, some of the later newly built chancellery buildings and the keep of the castle have been preserved, as well as a staggered portal at the entrance to the Green Fields Park . The new neo-Romanesque castle Waldenburg has been located in place of the “front castle” since 1859 .

Meaning for the Schönburgers

With the construction of the Fordglauchau castle, the Glauchau double castle complex was built until 1534. Probably at the same time or a little later, the Waldenburg double lock complex was built in Waldenburg. But the rear castle there burned down in 1619, was no longer used and was torn down from 1783. So that after 1783/1840 only the “front Renaissance castle” existed there.

Waldenburg and Glauchau were the main residences of the Lords of Schönburg. Therefore Glauchau and partly also Waldenburg often remained in common ownership of the various Schönburg lords when inheritance was divided. In 1590 the Schönburgers sold the Geringswalde estate with their house monastery to the Wettins. Glauchau and Waldenburg were now the main residences at the latest.

In the Schönburg residence city of Glauchau, which in 1550 already had about 1350 inhabitants, and especially in Castle Fordglauchau, there were Schönburg law firms / government authorities, temporarily a “Schönburg general government”, until these authorities as a result of the recession with Electoral Saxony between 1740 and finally 1779 after the Teschener peace were dissolved. The Glauchau double palace complex was thus the most important palace building and the central administrative and representative building of the Schönburgers in their Schönburg dominions - located within Saxony - until they were legally incorporated into Electoral Saxony in 1779.

Matthäus Merian's judgment on the Glauchau palace complex

In 1650, the engraver and publisher Matthäus Merian (1593–1650) described the town and castle of Glauchau as follows:

"This little town [...] is small, but the castle is funny."

Historical illustrations

  • around 1470: Oil painting - dated around 1470 - of Glauchau Castle (rear castle in front of the construction of Fordglauchau Castle), original in Rohnstock Castle in Poland.
  • Created around 1600 by 1760 at the latest: Depiction of both castles from the south on an old Schoenburg family tree , ink / pen drawing, partly colored. Here you can still see a battlement, a hexagonal tower and the tower kitchen as well as a late Gothic stepped gable on the west wing of Hinterglauchau (the original is owned by the Hinterglauchau Museum).
  • 1765: Title "Hoch Reichs-Gräfliche Schoenburgische Haupt-Stadt GLAUCHAU from the evening side", etching by Giuseppe Carlo Zucchi (1721–1805). View of both castles and the city from the north.
  • approx. 1790–1800: three colored outline etchings by Carl Otto (dates?):
    • View of the rear lock at the bathhouse.
    • View of the front lock from the bathing meadow.
    • Castle Vorder- and Hinter-Glauchau.
  • October 1824: Title “The inner city with the count's castles and the Wehrdigt”, diorama / watercolor in opaque colors, by Theodor Kyber (1789–1879).
  • 1834: Title "Glauchau from the evening side", view of the city, suburbs and both castles from the north, made with adhesive technology by Eduard Schilling.
  • around 1855: South view of both castles, gouache by Friedrich August Wünschmann (1819–1889). Here you can still see the “tower kitchen” / roundabout with the chimney on it - as part of Hinterglauchau Castle.
  • 1867: Title “Tableau von Glauchau”, panorama picture of the city of Glauchau with both castles seen from the north side, gouache by Friedrich August Wünschmann (1819–1889).
  • 1867: several watercolors by Wilhelm Gebhardt (1827–1893):
    • Fordglauchau Castle with forecourt after the outer works were torn down
    • Hinterglauchau Castle with the so-called bear kennel (southeast view)
    • Glauchau castles seen across the Wehrdigt
    • Hinterglauchau Castle from the south
  • around 1867: Title “Tableau von Glauchau”, lithographs based on drawings by Friedrich August Wünschmann, 22 depictions, some with the locks, created in Berlin by Wilhelm Loeillot (1804–1881).
  • around 1870: Title: "Briefbogen mit Tableau von Glauchau", colored lithographs by G. Wehnert. Inspired by F. A. Wünschmann.
  • approx. 1870–1880: Title “Glauchau”, lithograph by Carl Fürsorge (1840–1906).
  • around 1870–1880: SW photograph of the south side of Hinterglauchau Castle, seen from the Hirschgrund Bridge, taken by the photographer Hermann Heckmann (born 1836 Berlin).
  • July 1872: Title "Hof in Glauchau", courtyard side of the newly built neo-Gothic south wing of Hinterglauchau Castle with the Renaissance stair tower and a calash , watercolor created by Countess Gabriele von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1824–1917).
  • End of the 19th century: “Glauchau Castle around 1800”, south view of both castles, ink / watercolor inspired by the illustration on the Schoenburg family tree, artist unknown.
  • around 1940: watercolors by Friedrich Lindig (1892–1968):
    • Fordglauchau Castle - stair tower
    • Game at Hinterglauchau Castle

Former palace garden (park) with cavalier house

In 1799 there was a so-called castle garden with 24 compartments and a central water basin to the south of the Fordglauchau castle complex, separated by the “Hirschgrund” valley , to the south of which there was a landscaped complex (see floor plan of the town of Glauchau, 1799, SLUB); this situation can be proven up to 1940. The former so-called castle garden is directly accessible from Fordglauchau via the Hirschgrund Bridge , a historical arched bridge . This bridge already existed in 1799 as old maps of Glauchau show. It was restored in late 2019 / early 2020.

In the former palace garden there is still a cavalier's house (Heinrichshof 4a), built around 1800, rebuilt in 1933. It is now used privately for residential purposes.

Today (2019) the eastern part of the area south of the Hirschgraben is a kind of park with many old, large trees, etc. a. Winter linden ( Tilia cordata ), plane tree ( Platanus x hispanica ), elm ( Ulmus laevis ), English oak ( Quercus robur ), Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), horse chestnut ( Aescuslus hippocastanum ), ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) and hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ). The western part of the area was still built on by a former allotment garden, which was demolished by the beginning of 2020. This western part is also to be redesigned into a garden or park.

Before the palace garden was built, there was the Glauchau suburb of Hain (this name has been handed down as early as 1493) and before that there was probably a forest on this ridge of the same name, which is bordered by Hirschgrund and Haingrund (today Gründelberg) in the north and south.

Witwenpalais with Biedermeier garden

Widow's Palace

The Witwenpalais (Am Plan 7) is located in front of the north-east side of the castle, only separated from the castle moat by the castle moat. It is a late baroque building that is used today (2019) as a residential building and Italian restaurant. The building has a mansard roof with bat dormers . The front of the building is structured with pilasters . The windows have wooden shutters . The palace has rich original Baroque buildings inside and out: doors, windows and stairwell.

Formative and the building framing for two Norway maples , a sycamore , two ash trees , two oaks , yews , and lilac . Younger flowering trees complement the old stock.

A former Biedermeier garden from around 1800 is part of it. The garden, which has been preserved in its basic form and partially restored and shown in this form in the ground plan of the city of Glauchau as early as 1799, is essentially in the southeast of the Witwenpalais.

Trees and bushes in the edge area of ​​the garden: outside of the circular route two Norway maples , one sycamore maple, two common ash trees, one pedunculate oak , one sessile oak , European yew trees and lilacs (Syringa spec.). Due to the exposed location at the castle and the use of the building as a widow's seat, the garden had to meet representative requirements. A depiction of the garden left behind when the Schönburger escaped in 1945 shows it in the style of the Biedermeier period. A bridge once led over the moat directly to Castle Fordglauchau. The place where this bridge stood can still be seen in front of the eastern front of the east wing of Fordglauchau, because here the retaining wall of the Schlossberg juts out somewhat into the probably natural moat of the small valley "Mühlberg". Originally, there was also supposed to have been a direct entrance to the east wing of Castle Fordglauchau at this point.

An access gate to the property is located in the southeast of the axis of the house and a gate on the east corner of the house. The property is accessed from the northeast via a staircase. Along the property line there is a picket fence with natural stone pillars and plinths to enclose the property, and a retaining wall with a picket fence in the south and southwest .

The well-preserved Biedermeier garden and the essentially baroque building are classified as particularly valuable in terms of monument preservation and are under protection. The garden is of particular importance in terms of garden history and garden art.

literature

  • Anke Neugebauer: Andreas Günther von Komotau. A builder at the turn of the modern age. Kratzke, Verlag für Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte, Bielefeld 2011, ISBN 978-3-9811555-4-9 , here pp. 37–51 (master builder of Castle Fordglauchau) (Zugl .: Halle (Saale), Univ., Diss., 2007).
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber : The Schönburg Castle for Fordglauchau and its master builder Andreas Günther. In: Scientific journal of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Social and Linguistic Series. 5 (1992), ISSN  0438-4385 , pp. 57-63.
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber : Chapter “Excursus I”. In: Series of publications. Booklet 3, Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, City of Glauchau, 1981, pp. 25-27 (On the life and work of the master builder and stonemason Andreas Günther from Komotau, also called Andreas Orhen).
  • Matthias Donath : Castles and palaces in Saxony. Petersberg 2012, pp. 66-68.
  • Enno Bünz , Thomas Lang: SCHÖNBURG - Glauchau, back and front. In: Handbook of Courtyards and Residences in the Late Medieval Empire. Volume 15, IV Counts and Lords. 2012, ISBN 978-3-7995-4525-9 , pp. 1323-1325 ( adw-goe.de ).
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber: Castle Fordglauchau. In: Series of publications. Issue 3. Museum and Art Collection of Schloss Hinterglauchau, City of Glauchau 1981, pp. 17–18 (on the history and construction history of Castle Fordglauchau).
  • Affliction between Mr. Ernsten, Mr. zu Schönburg and Andreas Günthern, a stone mezen, in 1534 because of his house, farm and fields in Glaucha. Dresden State Archives, Loc. 10363, p. 35a (disputes between the master builder of Fordglauchau and the sovereign and client).
  • Ludwig Grote: More about the Anhalt builder Andreas Günther. In: Monday sheet. Scientific supplement to the Magdeburgische Zeitung . Vol. 72, 1930, ZDB -ID 997253-5 (for the master builder of the Fordglauchau castle).
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber: Aspects of the importance and dating of the corridor systems under the Hinterglauchau, Lichtenstein and Fordglauchau castles. Pp. 31-33; as well as basement corridors in Schloss Hinterglauchau and cellar corridors in Castle Fordglauchau. Pp. 18–19 (collective of authors). In: Series of publications. Booklet 7. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, City of Glauchau, 1988, illustrations and floor plan of the Hinterglauchau corridor system Fig. 1 / S. 6, Fig. 10 / p. 27, Fig. 11 / p. 28, Fig. 19 / p. 36, Fig. 20 / p. 37 (corridors of Lichtenstein Castle) and cover picture.
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber, Steffen Winkler: Locks Hinter- and Fordglauchau. In: Series of publications. Booklet 6. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, City of Glauchau, 1986, pp. 5–11 (on the building history of both castles and on the Schönburg fratricide in Hinterglauchau in 1617, watercolor by Fordglauchau by W. Gebhardt (1867) on p. 10).
  • Wolf-Dieter Röber: Unknown views of castles and outbuildings on a Schönburg family tree (around 1760). In: Series of publications. Booklet 3. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, p. 15 (Castle Fordglauchau: description p. 17 and illustration from around 1760 p. 37; on master builder Andreas Günther p. 35).
  • Heinrich Magirius: Remarks on the building history of the castles Ford- u. Hinterglauchau. Manuscript. 1970.

Web links

Commons : Castles in Glauchau  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the Kingdom of Saxony: Glauchau Castle  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wolf-Dieter Röber: Castles and palaces. In: Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer , Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber: The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture. Contributions to the history of the Muldenland territory and the county of Hartenstein under the conditions of the Schönburg regional rule. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection of Schloss Hinterglauchau. Museum and art collection Castle Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, DNB 942 830 121 , pp 19-36, here: subchapter Castle Forderglauchau, p. 32
  2. ↑ According to the information board at the castle from 1527–1534.
  3. ^ Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau (Ed.): Series of publications. Issue 3. Stadt Glauchau, 1981, p. 31 (No. 7) (notes on the spelling of “Fordglauchau” with F).
  4. ↑ Michael Wetzel : Ernst II, Herr von Schönburg . In: Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Saxon Biography .
  5. ↑ The guild letter of the Glauchau weavers from 1528. In: Schriftenreihe. Booklet 2. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1980, here p. 2.
  6. ^ Anke Neugebauer: Andreas Günther von Komotau. A builder at the turn of the modern age. Bielefeld 2011.
  7. ^ A b Author collective: The Schönburger, Economy, Politics, Culture. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. Fordglauchau Castle, p. 31.
  8. ↑ a b c d series of publications. Booklet 3. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, p. 17: Description of Castle Fordglauchau.
  9. ^ A b Author collective: The Schönburger, Economy, Politics, Culture. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. Fordglauchau Castle, p. 32.
  10. ↑ Series of publications. Booklet 3. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, p. 37: Illustration of Fordglauchau and Hinterglauchau on the Schönburg family tree around 1760.
  11. ↑ Series of publications. Booklet 11. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1999, p. 30.
  12. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther , Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 35 (brochure).
  13. ↑ Series of publications. Booklet 10. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1994, cover illustration and description on p. 90.
  14. ^ Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau (Ed.): Series of publications. Issue 1. City of Glauchau, 1979, p. 44: Peter Schäffler: The lock complex - a spiritual and cultural center (for the use of the Glauchau castles in the GDR era).
  15. ^ Author collective: Die Schönburger, Wirtschaft, Politik, Kultur. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, p. 20.
  16. ↑ Steffen Winkler: The coat of arms of the Schönburger and the fall of the sexton of Ponitz. In: Legends and legendary stories from Glauchau and the surrounding area (= special edition series ). Museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, here p. 13.
  17. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 13 (brochure).
  18. ^ A b c d Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 107.
  19. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Röber, Steffen Winkler: Schlösser Hinter- and Fordglauchau. In: Series of publications. Booklet 6. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, City of Glauchau, 1986, p. 7–8: Servants and officials at the Glauchau palaces in the 16th century.
  20. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Röber: The dungeon in Hinterglauchau Castle. In: Series of publications. Booklet 9. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, City of Glauchau, 1992, p. 7.
  21. ↑ a b c Andre Pohl: The Lapidarium in Hinterglauchau Castle… In: Series of publications. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 64.
  22. ^ Author collective: Die Schönburger, Wirtschaft, Politik, Kultur. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. Musical life and music care, pp. 110–111 (Walter Hüttel).
  23. ^ A b c d Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Editor: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 98.
  24. ^ A b c d e f g Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Editor: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 106.
  25. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Editor: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, bailiff holds the neck court, p. 30.
  26. ↑ a b Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: contributions to the history of the city Glauchau. Editor: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 99.
  27. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Ed .: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 106. No. 66 in footer.
  28. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau, publisher: Enno Bünz, Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, pp. 97 and 99.
  29. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau, editor: Enno Bünz, Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 98. No. 44 in footer.
  30. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, pp. 104, 121.
  31. ↑ Steffen Winkler: The long way to the Gottesacker - funeral procession in Glauchau and Niederlungwitz. In: Series of publications. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, here p. 33.
  32. ^ A b c d Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 113.
  33. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 153.
  34. ↑ a b Reply from the Schlossmuseum Hinterglauchau dated July 14, 2020 to a written request dated June 26, 2020.
  35. ↑ a b Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 16 (brochure).
  36. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 18 (brochure).
  37. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 110.
  38. ↑ See Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , entry 1901–1910 in a chronologically ordered list, p. 42.
  39. ↑ Entire title listing in WorldCat under OCLC 253383923 ; All individual recordings can be found using the original title (without exclamation mark) in the search field.
  40. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, preliminary editorial note on post-processing until 2010, p. 23.
  41. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 19 (brochure).
  42. ^ A b c Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 58.
  43. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , pp. 20, 21 and 22 (brochure).
  44. ↑ a b c Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 22 (brochure).
  45. ↑ a b series of publications. Booklet 10. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1994, p. 5.
  46. ^ Witzsch: Representation of the legal relationships of the formerly imperial house of Schönburg. Glauchau 1866, p. 8.
  47. ↑ Robby Joachim Götze: Aspects of the history of construction and use of the south wing of Hinterglauchau Castle. In: Series of publications. Issue 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 17 (remarks on the Peniger part of the castle Fordglauchau).
  48. ↑ Robby Joachim Götze: Aspects of the history of construction and use of the south wing of Hinterglauchau Castle. In: Series of publications. Issue 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 6 (remarks on the Peniger part of Castle Fordglauchau).
  49. ↑ Robby Joachim Götze: Aspects of the history of construction and use of the south wing of Hinterglauchau Castle. In: Series of publications. Issue 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 13 (remarks on the Peniger part of Castle Fordglauchau).
  50. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 25 (brochure).
  51. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 33 (brochure).
  52. ↑ Robby Joachim Götze: Aspects of the history of construction and use of the south wing of Hinterglauchau Castle. In: Series of publications. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 13.
  53. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Ed .: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, chapter: Glauchau as the center of office p. 57.
  54. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 26 (brochure).
  55. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 29, with an illustration of the classicistic “front castle” Penig (brochure).
  56. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Ed .: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, chap .: Brewing in the city, here p. 67.
  57. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 61.
  58. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Ed .: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 124, maps p. 156 fig. 4 and p. 158–159 fig. 5, p. 160 fig. 6.
  59. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Ed .: Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 122.
  60. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, pp. 61–62.
  61. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, register p. 150.
  62. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 103.
  63. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 105.
  64. ↑ a b c series of publications. Booklet 3. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, p. 18: Description of Castle Fordglauchau.
  65. ↑ Series of publications. Issue 3. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, p. 37: Illustration of Schloss Fordglauchau and Hinterglauchau around 1760 on the Schönburg family tree.
  66. ↑ Series of publications. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 70 No. 1.
  67. ↑ Information board in the courtyard of the castle in Fordglauchau on the south wing, June 2020, City of Glauchau, Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau.
  68. ↑ According to an information board in the courtyard of the castle in Fordglauchau.
  69. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Röber: The chapel in Hinterglauchau Castle. In: Series of publications. Issue 10. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1994, p. 8–15 (remarks on the history of the former castle chapel in the south wing of Castle Fordglauchau p. 8–9).
  70. ^ Wolf-Dieter Röber: Church and Art. In: Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber: The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture. Contributions to the history of the Muldenland territory and the county of Hartenstein under the conditions of the Schönburg regional rule. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection of Schloss Hinterglauchau. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, DNB 942830121 , p. 99–107, here: p. 104.
  71. ^ Cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony - monument document. Object document no. 09241329. Catholic parish church St. Marien. (PDF; 485 kB) In: denkmalpflege.sachsen.de. State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony , accessed on December 14, 2019 (Saxon List of Monument Protection, as of December 14, 2019).
  72. ↑ Series of publications. Booklet 3. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1981, p. 18 Description of Castle Fordglauchau.
  73. ^ Wolf-Dieter Röber: series of publications. Booklet 10. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1994, cover page with a picture of the Glauchau castle by Wilhelm Gebhardt around 1867, comments on p. 90.
  74. ^ Robby Joachim Götze: coat of arms. In: Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber: The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection of Schloss Hinterglauchau. Glauchau 1990, DNB 942830121 , pp. 17–18, here: p. 17 (regarding Schönburg coat of arms on the imperial eagle).
  75. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 111.
  76. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, pp. 56 and 112.
  77. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 27 and 156 (Fig. 4), p. 55.
  78. ^ Rolf Scheurer: Historical Buildings Glauchau. Part 1. Association for Town History and Monument Preservation in Glauchau e. V., Glauchau 2008, p. 12: presumable integration of the castle into the city wall.
  79. ^ A b c Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 112.
  80. ↑ Robby Joachim Götze [et al.], Constantin Beyer (photos): Hinterglauchau Castle, Museum and Art Collection (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 2296). 1st edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-7954-6035-2 , p. 5.
  81. ↑ According to the information board at the castle.
  82. ^ Author collective: Die Schönburger, Wirtschaft, Politik, Kultur. Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. Fordglauchau Castle, pp. 31–32.
  83. ↑ a b c Flyer: The castles Fordau and Hinterglauchau. City of Glauchau, around 2019/2020, back.
  84. ↑ Gallery. In: glauchau.de, accessed on October 11, 2019.
  85. ^ Rolf Scheurer: Historical Buildings Glauchau. Part 1. Association for Town History and Monument Preservation in Glauchau e. V., Glauchau 2008, illustration of Glauchau before 1838 on p. 48.
  86. ^ Matthias Donath: 100 Years of Waldenburg Castle 1912–2012. Zwickau 2012, ISBN 978-3-98-11118-7-3 , p. 8.
  87. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 19, fire of the Waldenburg "rear castle" 1619.
  88. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , p. 18, sale of Geringswalde 1590 to Kursachsen.
  89. ↑ Marina Palm: Aspects of the foundation of the city of Glauchau and its development up to 1495. In: Series of publications. Booklet 4. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1982, here p. 48: Glauchau as the center of the Schönburg rulers.
  90. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. Edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker. Chemnitz 2005, DNB 974872156 , pp. 26 and 29 (brochure).
  91. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 61.
  92. ↑ Flyer Exhibitions & Events 2020. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, p. 5.
  93. ^ Cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony - monument document. Object document no. 09241493. Glauchau castles with parks and Hirschgrund bridge. (PDF; 782 kB) In: denkmalpflege.sachsen.de. State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony , accessed on December 7, 2019 (Saxon List of Monument Protection, as of December 7, 2019).
  94. ^ Cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony - monument document. Property 09241244 in Glauchau. Witwenpalais (formerly). (PDF; 700 kB) In: denkmalpflege.sachsen.de. State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, accessed on December 7, 2019 (Saxon List of Monument Protection, as of December 7, 2019).

Remarks

  1. ↑ On the contemporary word meaning of 'funny' see the article funny , adj. and adv . - Section: 4 b). of cities and living spaces . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 6 : Grain - Ordinary - (IV, 1st section, part 3). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1911, Sp. 1339 ( woerterbuchnetz.de - "funny, lust, pleasure closed in itself, graceful, graceful; in the older language, especially in connection with the visual sense: funny, lovely").

Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 59.2 ″  N , 12 ° 32 ′ 20.4 ″  E