Symrise

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Symrise AG

logo
legal form Corporation
ISIN DE000SYM9999
founding 2003
Seat Holzminden , Germany
management
  • Heinz-Jürgen Bertram, CEO
    Olaf Klinger
    Achim Daub
    Heinrich Schaper
    Jean-Yves Parisot
Number of employees 10,401 (2019)
sales 3.408 billion euros (2019)
Branch Food industry, chemical industry, cosmetics industry, consumer goods industry
Website www.symrise.com
As of December 31, 2019

The Symrise AG , based in Holzminden is a publicly traded supplier of fragrances and flavorings , cosmetic base and active ingredients as well as functional ingredients. With a share of 11 percent, the company ranks second with two competitors in the global fragrances and flavors market .

Symrise was created in February 2003 through the merger of Dragoco Gerberding & Co. AG and Haarmann & Reimer GmbH . The IPO took place at the end of 2006; today the shares of Symrise u. a. to the MDAX . The company is represented with more than 90 locations worldwide.

history

Haarmann & Reimer (1874-2003)

In 1874 the chemists Wilhelm Haarmann and Ferdinand Tiemann developed a process for the production of vanillin from coniferin . In the same year they set up a company in Holzminden for the production of synthetically obtained vanillin ( Haarmann's vanillin factory ).

Company development timeline
1874 Establishment of Haarmann's vanilla factory in
Holzminden
1876 Karl Reimer joins; from Haarmann's
Vanillinfabrik is Haarmann & Reimer
1919 Establishment of Dragoco in Holzminden
1935 Acquisition of Heinrich Haensel GmbH by
Dragoco
1953 Acquisition of Haarmann & Reimer by Bayer ;
subsequently international expansion
1955 Establishment of a Dragoco subsidiary in Italy
1956 Establishment of a Dragoco subsidiary in the USA
1973 Synthesis of menthol by Haarmann & Reimer
1981 Horst-Otto Gerberding takes over the management of
Dragoco ; Promotion of internationalization
1993 Conversion of Dragoco into a public limited company
2002 EQT acquires Haarmann & Reimer and a
minority at Dragoco
2003 Haarmann & Reimer and Dragoco merge to form
Symrise
2006 Acquisition of Kaden Biochemicals ;
initial public offering
2007 Inclusion of the share in the MDAX;
Acquisition of Aromatics
2008 Acquisition of the flavor division from Chr. Hansen ;
Takeover of Steng ;
Acquisition of Manheimer Fragrances ;
Acquisition of Intercontinental Fragrances
2009 Acquisition of Futura Labs
2013 Purchase of Belmay
2014 Acquisition of Diana
2015 Acquisition of Pinova
2017 Acquisition of Cobell Limited

In 1876 joined Karl Reimer into the company, which in Haarmann & Reimer renamed . Reimer helped develop a process that enabled vanillin to be extracted from eugenol at a lower cost . The company also began manufacturing synthetic fragrances . The company also succeeded in using the Reimer-Tiemann reaction to produce salicylaldehyde , a fragrance that is still used today in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries . In 1890, Tiemann produced eugenol from isoeugenol . A year later, the synthetic production of vanillin was profitable for the first time. The synthesis of Jonon , the fragrance of violets , took place for the first time in 1893. By the end of the 19th century, the company also began producing natural plant extracts. At that time, the company held around 30 patents .

1901, the company was in a GmbH converted . In 1931 Wilhelm Haarmann's sons took over management of the company. Bomb hits destroyed large parts of the production facilities in World War II, and foreign holdings were also lost due to the war.

As managing director, Rudolf Groger was responsible for rebuilding the company from 1946. In 1953, Bayer acquired the company . Operationally, however, the company remained independent and expanded internationally by purchasing production facilities and companies in the United States, Great Britain, South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, France and Spain. The company's turnover, which meanwhile employed more than 1,000 people, rose to 80 million DM by 1968.

1973 saw the fully synthetic industrial production of menthol . This success laid the foundation for a separate department that dealt with the development and manufacture of mint fabrics. In the 1990s, the company acquired competitors such as Créations Aromatique and Florasynth . The company also invested in new plants in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia as well as in a new plant in Nördlingen and in plants at the main plant in Holzminden. In 1999 the Chinese shares in the H&R Cosfra Ltd joint venture were taken over . in Shanghai .

Haarmann & Reimer was one from 1991 to 1995 to an international citric acid - cartel that against the FBI determined since 1,992th In 1997 Haarmann & Reimer fined the United States Department of Justice $ 50 million . In December 1996, the company transferred $ 46 million in damages to injured customers following civil lawsuits.

In 2002 the Swedish financial investor EQT ( Wallenberg Group ) took over Haarmann & Reimer and a minority stake in Dragoco . Both companies were merged in 2003 to form Symrise GmbH und Co. KG .

Dragoco (1919-2003)

In 1919 Carl Wilhelm Gerberding and August Bellmer founded the company in Holzminden. It initially concentrated on the production of perfume and soap compositions . The first factory was established in 1926. From 1930, flavorings and aromas were produced. In 1935 the company took over Heinrich Haensel GmbH ( Pirna ). Also Dragoco was affected by the war-related destruction by air raids on Holzminden.

In 1955 the Italian subsidiary of Dragoco opened in Milan , a year later Dragoco founded a subsidiary in the USA. By 1972, the company had set up additional foreign subsidiaries in France, Austria, Great Britain and Switzerland. Such companies followed in the 1970s in Brazil, Hong Kong , Japan, Singapore and the Philippines. Horst-Otto Gerberding has been promoting internationalization since 1981, for example in South America and Asia. In 1993, Dragoco Gerberding & Co. GmbH was converted into a stock corporation, Dragoco Gerberding & Co. AG . The company entered the markets in South Africa and India in the 1990s.

Developments since the merger in 2003

After the merger, the main shareholders of Symrise were EQT with around 76 percent and the former majority shareholder of Dragoco, Horst-Otto Gerberding, with 18 percent. The company's managing director from February 2003 to September 2003 was Horst-Otto Gerberding. He was followed from September 2003 to February 2005 by James D. Forman and from March 2005 by Gerold Linzbach. Heinz-Jürgen Bertram has been CEO of Symrise AG since 2009.

On November 16, 2004, the management announced that it was not planning to relocate production to Poland or Slovakia . Before this decision, she had agreed with the works council to increase working hours to 40 hours a week and to waive wage increases for 2005 and 2006. Lower Saxony's Prime Minister Christian Wulff , Interior Minister and former Mayor of Holzminden Uwe Schünemann , Environment Minister Hans-Heinrich Sander from the district, and Economics Minister Walter Hirche also took part in the works meeting. Wulff described the preservation of jobs in Holzminden by one of the largest local employers as a joint effort and a "model case for Germany" to avert a "horror scenario" of relocating production.

In 2005, the company closed two manufacturing facilities in Skokie, Illinois , USA and in Grasse, France. In May 2006, Symrise merged the two business areas Fragrances (fragrances) and Sensory Ingredients (formerly Cosmetic Ingredients and Aroma Chemicals) to form the new Scent & Care business area. In terms of sales, this resulted in two segments of almost the same size: Scent & Care and Flavors . The latter was split into the two areas of Flavors and Nutrition with effect from October 1 . The computer science information systems (IS) with approximately 100 employees worldwide and a budget of 20 million euros has been computerized service on 1 February 2006 to the French Atos Origin shifted.

In 2005, Symrise largely completed the measures to integrate the two companies. With around 4,800 employees, it achieved sales of EUR 1.15 billion. On December 11, 2006, the company went public. In March 2007 the share was included in the MDAX.

The company used the years from 2005 to 2010 for acquisitions, among other things. These included 2,006 Kaden Biochemicals , 2007, the business area Food Ingredients of Unilever UK and Aromatics (France and Madagascar), 2008, the Flavor Division of the Danish supplier Chr. Hansen , the English flavors supplier Steng and the American manufacturer Manheimer Fragrances and Intercontinental Fragrances and 2009 Futura Labs .

The acquisition of the American fragrance manufacturer Belmay followed in 2013, followed a year later by the takeover of Diana , a French provider of sensory and functional solutions for food , animal feed , baby food and cosmetic ingredients. In 2016, the company took over the American manufacturer Pinova and then sold parts of this company to DRT (D érivés Résiniques et Terpéniques ); the Renessenz business unit remained with Symrise. In the summer of 2017, the company took over the British fruit and vegetable juice supplier Cobell Limited and, at the end of 2017, the Brazilian perfume oil supplier Citratus Fragrâncias Indûstria e Comércio . In January 2019, Symrise signed an agreement to acquire the US company ADF / IDF, a leading manufacturer of proteins for pet food.

present

Business areas, raw materials, products, customers and competition

The company has organized its operating business into three segments: Flavor , Nutrition and Scent & Care . All three have their own departments for research and development , purchasing , production and quality control as well as marketing and sales .

  • The Flavor segment comprises the Beverages , Savory and Sweet divisions .
  • The Nutrition segment consists of the Diana division with the Food , Pet Food , Aqua and Probi divisions .
  • The Scent & Care segment is divided into the Fragrance , Cosmetic Ingredients and Aroma Molecules business units .

The company offers a total of around 30,000 products for which it sources around 10,000 raw materials from more than 100 countries . Its more than 6,000 customers come primarily from the perfume , cosmetics, food and beverage sectors as well as the pharmaceutical industry . Manufacturers of dietary supplements and pet food are also included. The company has a 10 percent share of the global market for fragrances and flavors. It ranks second behind Givaudan and on a par with Firmenich and IFF .

Company headquarters, headquarters, production facilities, locations

Entrance area of ​​Symrise AG (2017)

The company headquarters and at the same time the largest location of Symrise AG is in Holzminden. The employees there work in the areas of research , development, production, marketing and sales as well as in the Corporate Center . Its functions in turn are finance, corporate communications , investor relations , law , taxes , human resources , IT , group compliance and internal auditing .

The company has regional headquarters in the USA ( Teterboro , New Jersey ), Brazil ( São Paulo ), Singapore and France ( Rennes ). Important production facilities are located in Germany, France, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, China and the USA. Development centers can be found in Germany, France, Brazil, China, Singapore and the USA in particular. There are also sales offices in over 40 countries.

growth

Between 2014 and 2018, Symrise AG increased its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ( EBITDA ) from EUR 465 million to EUR 631 million. In the same period, the annual surplus grew from 212 million to 275 million euros, the balance sheet total from 4,000 million to 4,920 million euros. Equity increased to EUR 1,944 million by the end of 2018. This increased the equity ratio to 39.5%.

Since going public, the company has continuously increased its sales. In 2006, they stood at 1,129 million euros, in 2018 this amounted to 3,154 million euros.

Viewed by region, 43% of Group sales in 2018 were generated in the EMEA economic region , 22% each in North America and Asia-Pacific, and 12% in Latin America .

Every single business area of ​​Symrise AG increased its sales in 2018: Scent & Care to 1,324 million euros, Flavor to 1,191 million euros and Nutrition to 639 million euros.

Share and shareholders

The company's share is listed in the Prime Standard of the German stock exchange. It is one of the following indices :

The shareholder structure is as follows:

proportion of Shareholders
6.01% Family of the former Symrise managing director Horst-Otto Gerberding
10.62% Massachusetts Financial Services, MFS ( Sun Life Financial )
5.00% Black Rock
3.08% Norwegian state
3.05% Year Holding GmbH & Co. KG
3.03% Allianz Global Investors
3.01% Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB)
3.01% APG Asset Management
3.00% Harding Loevner LP
60.18% Other free float

Status: March 2019

guide

The board consists of five people:

  • Heinz-Jürgen Bertram, Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) since July 1, 2009
  • Olaf Klinger, member of the Management Board and Group CFO since February 2016.
  • Achim Daub, member of the board since 2006, member of the board responsible for the Scent & Care division
  • Heinrich Schaper, member of the Management Board for the Flavor division since October 1, 2016
  • Jean-Yves Parisot, member of the Executive Board for the Nutrition division since October 1, 2016

The supervisory board consists of twelve members. The chairmanship has been held by Thomas Rabe since 2011, who has been a member of this body since 2009.

staff

As of December 31, 2018, Symrise had 9,787 employees, 140 of whom were apprentices and trainees . The largest group (46%) works in production & technology, 23% in sales & marketing and 18% in research & development. Around 28% of the employees work at locations in Germany, 51 percent in the entire EMEA region . Latin America accounts for 19% of the Group's workforce and the regions Asia / Pacific and North America each 15%. Broken down by corporate division, 29% of employees work in the Scent & Care segment, 35% in the Flavor segment and 26% in the Nutrition segment. Around 10% perform group-wide activities.

Perfumery Schools

Symrise has been running a perfumery school in Holzminden since 2011, the first of its kind in Germany. The company also has its own perfumery school in India.

reception

Controversy with Stiftung Warentest

In November 2013 it became known that the Stiftung Warentest for chocolate from the manufacturer Ritter Sport criticized the declaration of the flavoring agent Piperonal supplied by Symrise in the list of ingredients as a natural flavoring agent as a misleading, since this can only be produced chemically in industrial quantities. Symrise then fully disclosed the manufacturing method to the responsible food control authorities . After a thorough examination, they did not object to the declaration. Symrise also guaranteed the manufacturer that it would supply flavors “exclusively of natural origin” and stated that the European Flavor Regulation would be complied with. The responsible court followed this assessment in January 2014 and prohibited Stiftung Warentest from making any other claims. The judgment became final after the Munich Higher Regional Court , the appeal was rejected by the Foundation.

Awards

Symrise has received a number of awards, especially for its sustainable business practices :

  • German Sustainability Award 2012 and placement in the top 5 in the category of Germany's most sustainable large companies in 2016 .
  • Fi Excellence Award 2013
  • Awarded by the Carbon Disclosure Project 2015
  • German Award for Excellence 2016 from DQS for procurement and for the analysis of the raw material cycle (2016)
  • German Award for Excellence 2017 for international social commitment. According to DQS, Symrise is convincing with its social commitment in developing and emerging countries .
  • German Sustainability Award 2019, winner in the category of the most sustainable large company; the jury particularly praised the sustainability commitment within the supply chain (see supply chain management ).

In this context, Symrise's initiatives in Madagascar have received numerous awards.

attachment

literature

  • Stephan Sielaff, Christina Witter and Clemens Tenge: Symrise and Vanille: Tradition, Strategy and Comprehensive Commitment. In: Michael D'heur (Ed.): CSR and Value Chain Management. Profitable growth through sustainable shared value creation . Springer-Gabler, Berlin, Heidelberg 2014, pp. 269–290. ISBN 978-3-642-39888-9 .
  • ML Cohen: Symrise GmbH and Company KG . In: International Directory of Company Histories . Vol. 89, St. James Press, Farmington Hills, 2008, pp. 436-440, ISBN 978-1-55862-908-0 .

Web links

Commons : Symrise  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Symrise AG: [1] , accessed on June 30, 2020.
  2. The new fragrance giant is called Symrise. Merger of ex-Bayer subsidiary Haarmann & Reimer and Dragoco is making good progress . In: Börsen-Zeitung , February 22, 2003.
  3. Summer break in the executive suite . In: Handelsblatt , July 24, 2017.
  4. New logistics center for Symrise in the Port of Hamburg . In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung - Business newspaper , March 3, 2017.
  5. Tiemann, F. & Haarmann, W .: About coniferin and its transformation into the aromatic principle of vanilla. In: Reports of the German Chemical Society. Volume 7 (1874), pp. 608–623. doi: 10.1002 / cber.187400701193 . Digitized on Gallica .
  6. Communication in the Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences , Volume 79 (1874), p. 635.
  7. a b c d e f g Cohen, Symrise GmbH and Company KG .
  8. a b c d e f Cohen, Symrise GmbH and Company KG . Georg Schwedt : Beguiling fragrances, sensual aromas. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, pp. 89-93, ISBN 978-3-527-32045-5 .
  9. a b c d Wolfgang Legrum: Fragrances, between stench and fragrance: Occurrence, properties and use of fragrances and their mixtures . Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2011, pp. 186 f, ISBN 978-3-8348-1245-2 .
  10. a b Georg Schwedt: Beguiling fragrances, sensual aromas. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, pp. 89-93, ISBN 978-3-527-32045-5 .
  11. Information on the website www.albert-gieseler.de , accessed on June 26, 2017.
  12. For this manufacturer see the entry in Nigel Groom (Ed.): The New Perfume Handbook . 2nd edition, Blackie Academic & Professional, London 1997, p. 79 , ISBN 978-0-7514-0403-6 .
  13. See the entry Haarmann & Reimer in Nigel Groom (Ed.): The New Perfume Handbook . 2nd edition, Blackie Academic & Professional, London 1997, p. 149 .
  14. Bayer's agreements. In: The daily newspaper . January 31, 1997, accessed June 27, 2017 .
  15. https://www.pharma-food.de/symrise-baut-bis-zu-500-stellen-ab/
  16. https://www.cio.de/a/symrise-lagert-it-an-atos-origin-aus,817416
  17. Symrise debut full of success. In: Spiegel Online . December 11, 2006, accessed June 27, 2017 . Symrise shares cost 17.25 euros - the biggest IPO of the year is perfect . In: Allgemeine Zeitung , December 11, 2006.
  18. Deutsche Börse: Symrise replaces SCHWARZ PHARMA in the MDAX. In: www.finanzen.net. March 5, 2007, accessed June 27, 2017 . Symrise moves up in MDax, BB Medtech in TecDax . In: Handelsblatt , March 6, 2007.
  19. See the information from Symrise on the company's history , accessed on June 27, 2017.
  20. Symrise from Holzminden takes over Kaden Biochemicals . In: Die Welt , January 17, 2006. Fragrance specialist Symrise is planning new acquisitions . In: Handelsblatt , May 24, 2006.
  21. Symrise is strengthening in Great Britain . In: Börsen-Zeitung , September 15, 2007.
  22. Symrise takes over vanilla supplier . In: Neue Westfälische , September 29, 2007.
  23. Symrise strengthens its US presence with Hansen. CEO Linzbach: Acquisition of 50 million euros in flavors sales - first dividend of 0.50 euros per share . In: Börsen-Zeitung , March 6, 2008.
  24. Sweet taste of flavors M&A. In: ICIS . June 8, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2017 .
  25. Symrise is strengthening in the USA . In: Börsen-Zeitung , September 27, 2008.
  26. Jennifer Weil: Symrise Buys Futura Labs. In: Women's Wear Daily. November 19, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2017 .
  27. Symrise swallows perfume oil manufacturer . In: Börsen-Zeitung , March 5, 2013.
  28. Symrise plans to take over billions. In: Handelsblatt. April 13, 2014, accessed June 27, 2017 .
  29. Symrise completes acquisition of Diana Group. Further capital increase - profit contribution from 2015 . In: Börsen-Zeitung , July 30, 2014.
  30. Ludwig Burger, Shubhankar Chakravorty, Arno Schuetze, David Evans: Symrise buys scent ingredients maker Pinova for $ 397 million. In: Reuters. September 21, 2015, accessed June 28, 2017 .
  31. Symrise and DRT sign agreement to acquire Pinova Inc . Symrise AG press release from November 2, 2016, accessed on March 29, 2018.
  32. ^ Bernard Marks: Symrise takes over Cobell Limited. In: Göttinger Tageblatt . June 2, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2018 .
  33. Symrise is counting on the second half of the year for fragrances . In: Börsen-Zeitung , August 11, 2017.
  34. Symrise expands in Brazil . In: Börsen-Zeitung , December 7, 2017.
  35. Symrise wish analysis . In: Euro on Sunday , December 23, 2017.
  36. Christian Wölbert: Symrise is buying in for almost a billion dollars. In: Göttinger Tageblatt . February 1, 2019, accessed April 9, 2019 .
  37. Symrise adds two new members to the Executive Board . Börsen-Zeitung , September 22, 2016.
  38. Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 104 f.
  39. With a clear strategy to become a global player. Symrise boss at the business club . Neue Westfälische ( Höxtersche Kreiszeitung ), 25 February 2015.
  40. Beehives for Natural Diversity Symrise AG. Fragrance and flavor supplier is committed to intact nature . In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung - Wirtschaftszeitung (special publication), September 4, 2017.
  41. ^ Sielaff, Witter, Tenge: Symrise , p. 275.
  42. Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 103
  43. Information according to Statista . Accessed April 9, 2019.
  44. Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 104.
  45. Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 104.
  46. Symrise AG: Financial Report 2018 , accessed April 8, 2019.
  47. For the key figures for the years 2006 to 2018, see Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 102
  48. Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 102
  49. Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 103
  50. Information about this index on the Norddeutsche Landesbank website, accessed on July 31, 2017.
  51. [2] , as of March 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  52. Symrise boss is being extended . Börsen-Zeitung , December 9, 2016.
  53. For the distribution of responsibilities within the Executive Board, see Symrise Adds Two Heads to Executive Board . Börsen-Zeitung , September 22, 2016.
  54. ↑ Financial expert moves to Symrise. Handelsblatt , August 27, 2015.
  55. Symrise AG: Board member Achim Daub confirmed in office early . Symrise press release, March 21, 2016. Accessed April 19, 2017.
  56. See the relevant information about the Supervisory Board on the company's website, accessed on June 27, 2017.
  57. ^ New supervisory boards for Symrise . In: Börsen-Zeitung , April 9, 2011.
  58. Rabe moves into Symrise AR . In: Börsen-Zeitung , April 24, 2009.
  59. All information on personnel according to Symrise AG: Corporate Report 2018 , p. 114.
  60. Michael Robrecht: First perfumery school opened in Germany . In: Westfalen-Blatt , May 17, 2011. Roswitha Hoffmann-Wittenburg: A laboratory that smells of lilies of the valley and roses. Holzminden-based company Symrise opens new perfumery school . In: Neue Westfälische May 24, 2011
  61. Fragrance manufacturer Symrise “The onion is underestimated”. In: Berliner Zeitung . August 30, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2017 .
  62. ^ Stiftung Ritter Sport appalled at the grade "poor " . In: Spiegel Online , accessed November 21, 2013.
  63. On the legal dispute, see generally Klaus Roth : "Square, practical, natural?" . In: Chemistry in our time , Volume 49 (2015), Issue 5, pp. 336-344, doi: 10.1002 / ciuz.201500722 .
  64. Jost Marin: Full of the nuts . In: Die Tageszeitung , accessed on September 13, 2014.
  65. Symrise AG: Symrise confirms compliance with the European Flavor Regulation . Press release of November 26, 2013, accessed on June 29, 2017.
  66. Henning Peitsmeier: Serious defeat for goods test against Ritter Sport . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , accessed January 13, 2014.
  67. Fine pod, high price, vanilla procurement brings Symrise an award for sustainable management. In: Westfalen-Blatt of December 12, 2012.
  68. Joachim Schalinski: The strategy is working. Flavor manufacturer Symrise wants to become more global and differentiated . In: Lebensmittel Zeitung , May 24, 2013.
  69. a b c Martin Mehringer: Sharp fight for sweet pods . In: Lebensmittel Zeitung , March 20, 2015.
  70. Reasons given by the jury  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed on July 27, 2017.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de  
  71. Symrise receives award . In: Göttinger Tageblatt , November 7, 2015.
  72. Two awards for Symrise . In: Neue Westfälische , July 12, 2016.
  73. "German Awards for Excellence": Symrise honored for exemplary sustainability. In: holzminden-news.de. May 18, 2017, accessed on July 27, 2017 (Symrise AG press release). Award for Symrise. In: Food technology . June 22, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017 .
  74. DQS presents German Awards for Excellence . In: Quality and Reliability , Volume 62 (2017), Issue 8.
  75. Corporate Report 2018 , p. 81
  76. For the activities in Madagascar see Sielaff, Witter, Tenge: Symrise , pp. 281–290; also Bert Losse: noble spice. The fight for the vanilla pods. In: Wirtschaftswoche . October 4, 2014, accessed June 29, 2017 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 35.9 ″  N , 9 ° 28 ′ 15 ″  E