Tunja

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Tunja
Coordinates: 5 ° 32 ′  N , 73 ° 22 ′  W
Map: Colombia
marker
Tunja
Tunja on the map of Colombia
Colombia - Boyaca - Tunja.svg
Location of the municipality of Tunja on the map of Boyacá
Basic data
Country Colombia
Department Boyacá
City foundation 1539
Residents 202,996  (2019)
City insignia
Flag of Tunja.svg
Escudo de Tunja.svg
Detailed data
surface 118 km 2
Population density 1,720 inhabitants / km 2
height 2782  m
Time zone UTC -5
City Presidency Alejandro Fúneme (2020-2023)
Website http://www.tunja-boyaca.gov.co - https://www.tunjaculturayturismo.gov.co/inicio/
Tunja
Tunja

Tunja [ 'tuŋxa ] is the capital and a municipality ( municipio ) of the departments of Boyacá , Colombia . The city is located on a plateau on the western edge of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes at an altitude of about 2800 m. This makes it - even before Bogotá - the highest located city in Colombia.

Tunja is a popular tourist destination , mostly for religious colonial architecture , with many churches and the Casa Fundador Gonzalo Suárez Rendón as its oldest holdover. In addition to its religious and historical sites, it is home to several internationally known festivals and is a starting point for regional tourism destinations such as Villa de Leyva , Paipa and the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy . Tunja is a stopover on the Panamericana , which connects Tunja with Bogotá and Santa Marta and finally with the northernmost and southernmost parts of South America.

The city is also known for its many universities. Tunja is also the seat of the Archdiocese of Tunja .

geography

Tunja has an area of ​​121 km² and is located about 150 kilometers northeast of the capital Bogotá. Tunja has an average annual temperature of 13 ° C. The municipality borders in the north on Motavita and Cómbita , in the east on Oicatá , Chivatá , Soracá and Boyacá , in the south on Ventaquemada and in the west on Samacá , Cucaita and Sora .

population

The municipality of Tunja has 202,996 inhabitants, of which 195,180 live in the urban part (cabecera municipal) of the municipality (as of 2019).

history

Pre-Columbian era

The first evidence of the human population on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense comes from around 12,000 years ago. The Homus Tequendama inhabited the area around 6375 BC. Many archaeological finds were made in the area of ​​the present city, dating back to around 150 BC. To be dated.

In the 1st millennium AD the area was inhabited by the Muisca, who spoke Chibcha and emigrated from Central America via Panama to the Andean region. The Muisca developed their own religion, calendar, and mythology.

According to these myths, it was the brutal Cacique and prophet Goranchacha who moved the capital of the northern Muisca from Ramiriquí to Tunja, then called Hunza.

Spanish colony (1539-1811)

The city was founded on August 6, 1539 by the Spaniard Gonzalo Suárez Rendón from the Muisca settlement of Hunza , which had existed for several centuries . In 1574 the current cathedral of Tunja was completed.

Aspirations for independence

During the struggle for independence at the beginning of the 19th century, Tunja was a stronghold of the revolutionaries. The Battle of Boyacá took place near Tunja in 1819 .

Festivals

  • International Festival of Culture
  • Holy Week ( Semana Santa )
  • Aguinaldo Boyacense

Sports

Estadio La Independencia

Tunja is the hometown of the soccer clubs Boyacá Chicó FC and Patriotas Boyacá , both of which play their home games at the Estadio La Independencia , which has a 25,000-seat audience. The stadium was built during the reign of the dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and was extensively modernized because of Boyacá Chicó's participation in the 2009 Copa Libertadores .

In 2006 the South American Athletics Championships were held in Tunja .

Tunja
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
16
 
19th
7th
 
 
29
 
19th
8th
 
 
55
 
19th
9
 
 
77
 
18th
10
 
 
84
 
17th
10
 
 
58
 
16
9
 
 
46
 
16
8th
 
 
42
 
17th
8th
 
 
54
 
17th
8th
 
 
85
 
18th
9
 
 
69
 
18th
9
 
 
31
 
18th
8th
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: IDEAM
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Tunja
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 19.1 19.3 19.2 18.4 17.3 16.4 16.0 16.5 17.3 17.9 18.2 18.4 O 17.8
Min. Temperature (° C) 7.2 8.1 9.0 9.7 9.7 9.1 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.7 9.0 7.8 O 8.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 16 29 55 77 84 58 46 42 54 85 69 31 Σ 646
Rainy days ( d ) 6th 8th 13 17th 19th 18th 19th 19th 16 18th 16 10 Σ 179
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
19.1
7.2
19.3
8.1
19.2
9.0
18.4
9.7
17.3
9.7
16.4
9.1
16.0
8.4
16.5
8.2
17.3
8.2
17.9
8.7
18.2
9.0
18.4
7.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
16
29
55
77
84
58
46
42
54
85
69
31
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: IDEAM

Town twinning

Sister cities of Tunja are:

Sons and daughters

Web links

Commons : Tunja  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Alcaldia Mayor de Tunja. Alcaldía de Tunja - Boyacá, accessed on June 5, 2019 (Spanish, website of the municipality of Tunja).

Individual evidence

  1. Geography. Alcaldía de Tunja - Boyacá, accessed June 5, 2019 (Spanish, information on the geography of the municipality).
  2. ESTIMACIONES DE POBLACIÓN 1985 - 2005 Y PROYECCIONES DE POBLACIÓN 2005 - 2020 TOTAL DEPARTAMENTAL POR ÁREA. (Excel; 1.72 MB) DANE, May 11, 2011, accessed on June 5, 2019 (Spanish, extrapolation of the population of Colombia).
  3. Historia. Alcaldía de Tunja - Boyacá, accessed June 5, 2019 (Spanish, information on the history of the municipality).
  4. https://www.municipio.com.co/municipio-tunja.html Tunja on municipio.com.co - El municipio de Tunja
  5. Los Niños Vallenatos del "Turco" Gil - Nacimos para alegrar al mundo . Retrieved November 25, 2017.