Pilgrimage Church Maria Hilf (Vilsbiburg)
The Roman Catholic pilgrimage church Maria Hilf is a neo-Romanesque church on a hill on the southern outskirts of the town of Vilsbiburg in Lower Bavaria . In addition to the parish church of the Assumption of Mary in the city center, Maria Hilf is the second large church in Vilsbiburg and is also called the mountain church to distinguish it .
history
The pilgrimage church and the pilgrimage there go back to the chimney sweeper Donatus Barnabas Orelli (1642 / 1649–1734) from Locarno . He had settled in Vilsbiburg and achieved some prosperity there . Under the threat of the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna , which was overcome on September 12, 1683 under the sign of the daily motto "O Maria hilf!", The Catholic Feast of the Names of the Virgin (September 12th) arose and the veneration of Maria Hilf experienced a significant one Boom.
From a private foundation Orellis one was initially on a hill near the town of Vilsbiburg Calvary designed. On May 27, 1686, Bernhard Hintershuber, Abbot of Sankt Veit , laid the foundation stone for a Maria-Hilf chapel, which was built under the master builder Domenico Christophorus Zuccalli , completed in the middle of the following year and consecrated on August 3, 1687.
In the small rotunda , a miraculous image of Mary Aid was exposed for veneration, and soon there was a lively pilgrimage. The Augustinian hermits from the Seemannshausen monastery near Gangkofen initially took care of this pilgrimage , and then the Capuchins from 1705 . Orelli campaigned in Rome for indulgences and relics to be granted to his chapel and was supported by the caretaker Maffei von Vilsbiburg, who with Pope Innocent XI. was related. Both Pope Innocent XI. as well as Pope Alexander VIII the pilgrimage for the feast of the Assumption .
As early as 1691 the chapel had to be expanded due to the growing number of visitors. For this, Zuccalli could again be won as a master builder. Ten years later a nave was added. After Zuccalli's death in autumn 1702, the Landau master mason Dominicus Magazin (also: Domenico Mazio or Dominikus Magzin , born like Zuccalli von Roveredo ) took over the work. A stately baroque church with three altars was built , which was designated on September 13, 1710 by the Regensburg auxiliary bishop Albert Ernst von Wartenberg . In the vicinity of the church and the Calvary, seven small passion chapels with representations from the Passion of Christ were built. These can be seen on the copper engraving of the pilgrimage church by Michael Wening from around 1705. A pilgrim hospice was opened by the Capuchins in 1705 . They took over the care of the pilgrimage church and the pilgrims until 1803 .
With the foundation of a brotherhood “Mariä Namen” in Vilsbiburg, but also with the daily rosary and forty-hour prayer during Lent , more and more visitors were attracted, especially from the surrounding area, so that in 1793 the church had to be expanded a third time. The work under the Vilsbiburg master mason Lorenz Mayr was completed three years later. In 1802 the Capuchins had to leave Vilsbiburg as part of the secularization . The pilgrimage church was preserved thanks to the intervention of the Vilsbiburg district judge Benedikt von Peyrer. The function of pilgrimage pastor was taken over by diocesan priests until 1846 .
At the beginning of the 19th century, the baroque church, which was built without a solid foundation , showed the first structural damage. In 1831 there was a major cut when the church had to be demolished because it was in disrepair . In the period from 1832 to 1836, a neo-Romanesque wall pillar church with an apse was built according to the plans of Joseph Schlotthauer, a professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich . Despite the new building , which on August 14, 1836 consecrated was the pilgrims felt the loss of her beloved Baroque church particularly strong.
In 1846 another religious order took over the pilgrimage pastoral care , the Redemptorists . However, due to the Kulturkampf, they could only last until 1873. Shortly before they left, they gave the place another pilgrimage impulse. Because the Redemptorist brother Max Schmalzl had painted an icon in the vault of the house chapel of the former monastery in 1872 , which corresponded to the icon from the 14th century, which in 1867 after the eventful wanderings of Pope Pius IX. was entrusted to the Redemptorist Order for its church Sant'Alfonso in Rome on Via Merulana. This icon also gained great fame and popularity in the area around Vilsbiburg. Diocesan priests took over the pilgrimage church again for thirteen years. Under pilgrimage director Ignaz Berger (1877–1886) the church was expanded to its present size. The work essentially comprised the construction of two wide aisles , a vestibule for the nave and a first tower . The church was consecrated again on September 7, 1880. The second tower was built by 1885.
In 1886 the Capuchins were able to take over the pilgrimage church again, this time for more than 100 years. This second period is closely linked to the holy life of Father Viktrizius Weiß , for whom the Roman Catholic Church is currently in a process of beatification. The son Anton Nikolaus, an Eggenfeld surgeon and benefactor, was ordained a priest in Freising in 1866 . In 1869 he came to the seminary there as prefect and lecturer and did his doctorate on the liturgy and piety of the early African Church. The popular, now 32-year-old priest decided in 1875 to join the Capuchin novitiate in Burghausen . Nine years later he was elected Provincial of the Bavarian Capuchins. And two years later it was he who resettled the Capuchins in Vilsbiburg after the Jesuits and Redemptorists had to leave Germany in the course of the Kulturkampf. At the age of 66 he withdrew seriously ill to the Vilsbiburg monastery, where he often heard confessions and preached at first . Until his death on October 8, 1924, despite all the suffering and almost total deafness and blindness , he still tried to work in pastoral care. Initially buried in the monastery cemetery , the coffin was buried in the right aisle of the pilgrimage church in 1927 .
Even among the Capuchin Brothers there were significant changes to the church. In 1889 and 1890, Max Schmalzl repainted the church in Nazarene style . A thorough renovation took place from 1952 to 1962 , when the pilgrimage director at the time, Father Olaf Brecht, had the neo-Romanesque furnishings removed. For the most part, it was replaced by original baroque pieces and rework in the baroque style. The interior design is essentially based on the classicist style after the renovation in 1796.
On September 15, 1999, the Capuchins made the difficult decision to return the pilgrimage to the diocese again. In 2005 the Order of the Salesians of Don Bosco was able to win them over for the pastoral care of pilgrims, who, according to their mission, place a stronger emphasis on youth pastoral care there. They benefit from the fact that a large youth pilgrimage has been taking place there on Ascension Day since the early 1950s through the BDKJ district of Landshut. On September 10, 2005, the Salesian Fathers were introduced to their office by the then Regensburg Bishop Gerhard Ludwig Müller , after the last diocesan “mountain pastor”, as the Vilsbiburg call the pastor of the pilgrimage church in contrast to the “city pastor”, had passed on August 14th . The founder of the order, Don Bosco , based the order's veneration of Mary, based on Bavarian and Mediterranean models, aimed at the veneration of Mary, the help of Christians .
description
architecture
The building type of the pilgrimage church is a three-aisled basilica . The nave with saddle roof is opposite the side aisles with flat ceilings clearly excessive and closes in a slightly lower chorus with a semicircular apse . A tower with a pointed helmet is attached to the front of the two aisles . The nave has seven bays, and both the central and side aisles are equipped with groin vaults , the girdle arches of which rise from pilasters . The openings from the central nave to the side aisles are rounded ; above each there are galleries with upper aisles . In the foremost yoke there are side rooms in the aisles, above each an oratory , which is accessible from the respective gallery. The side walls of the side aisles have arched niches , instead of a window there is a side altar in the third niche from behind.
In the rear area of the central nave is the organ loft supported by two slender granite columns, behind which there is a vestibule with three window axes. From the church forecourt, the triangular gable with a monumental mosaic of the protective mantle Madonna , which was made in 1960 by the Bavarian court glass painting van Treeck , is clearly visible above . Below the church is the crypt chapel, in which the Capuchin Fathers were buried until 1904. The entrance gate to the church forecourt shows a large copper relief with the scene of the Mount of Olives by the sculptor and architect Georg Brenninger from Velden . Next to the right staircase to the church is the so-called Meth-Häusl , on the south tower there is a crucifixion group created around 1740 by the Vilsbiburg sculptor Johann Paul Wagner.
Furnishing
Only a few pieces of the neo-Romanesque furnishings have survived, such as the two holy water basins under the organ gallery. The central element of the furnishings is the baroque high altar, reconstructed in 1953, with the miraculous image of Mariahilf. Its appearance is passed down from a copper engraving by Maria Ursula Hittlinger from around 1740. The structure is essentially divided into three parts: at the bottom a high plinth, above a colonnade with figure niches that surround the central miraculous image, and at the top, God the Father as ruler of the universe , flanked by numerous angels . The miraculous image crowned by a canopy that two angels seem to be lifting is only a copy of the work of Lucas Cranach the Elder . It is attributed to the Venice- born painter Daniel Bisani, who is said to have made it in Vilsbiburg. It is surrounded by figures of saints by the sculptor Engelbert Hein, from left to right by Konrad von Parzham , Elisabeth of Thuringia , Christophorus , John the Baptist , Clare of Assisi and Leonhard of Limoges . The tabernacle can be found below the image of grace, which is crowned by a pelican as a symbol of the sacrificial death of Christ. The silver reliefs with the Annunciation scene were created by the Mühldorf gold and silver smith master Glückel in 1954. There are also two pictures in the choir by the court painter Andreas Wolff from Landshut, which were painted at the beginning of the 18th century for the Capuchin hospice there, as well as a modern painting by Saint Don Bosco , created in 1985 by the Italian artist Gian-Franco Rizzi from Turin .
The two side altars at the front of the aisles are dedicated to Saints Joseph (left) and Johannes Nepomuk (right) and are each adorned with reliquary containers . The altar sheet of the Joseph altar from the 18th century shows its namesake holding the baby Jesus protectively , next to Mary as the Mother of Sorrows , above an angel with a cross , which already points to the passion of Christ. There is also a painted antependium from the 19th century that shows the death of Saint Joseph in the presence of Mary and Jesus. The Nepomuk altar contains an altar leaf with a depiction of the martyrdom of its namesake. In front of the right side altar is the grave of Father Viktrizius Weiß. The two side altars on the side walls of the side aisles are decorated with a crucifixion group in rococo style from the middle of the 18th century (left) and with late Gothic carved figures of Anna the third of herself , St. Peter and St. Agnes from around 1500 (right) adorned. They too have reliquary containers.
Also of interest are the late Gothic seated figure of Christ resting in the left aisle, which is attributed to the school of Hans Leinberger , and Max Schmalzl's cycle of the Stations of the Cross from around 1880. In the opposite position on the nave pillars in the central nave there is a late Baroque group of statues from the workshop of Christian Jorhan around 1750, which shows the Archangel Michael fighting Lucifer , and a baroque crucifix with a figure of Our Lady of Sorrows underneath. On the back walls of the aisles there are numerous votive plaques that announce the many answers to prayers of the Mother of God. A remarkable painting from the 18th century hangs above the entrance door of the church, showing Jesus and his disciples at the exit of the Emm , the scene being shown in front of a view of Nymphenburg Palace in Munich .
The so-called nativity scene below the contains four groups of statues by the Munich sculptor Johann Petz , which were made in 1865 and 1866. There are also several glass paintings by the Franz Mayer'schen Hofkunstanstalt , which trace the history of the pilgrimage church, and that from the red marble epitaph of the founder Donatus Barnabas Orelli. Also interesting is the annual nativity scene dating from about 1900, pointing with over a hundred figures in the course of changing scenes. It is housed in a room below the left aisle.
organ
In 1701 Christoph Pürkl from Regensburg built an organ with four registers for the church; this instrument was sold in 1825 to the church of St. Martin in Dirnaich . In the same year, an organ with seven registers from Ludwig Ehrlich from Moosburg was purchased as a replacement . This was brought to the Heilig Geist Spitalkirche on Vilsbiburger Stadtplatz in 1870 , where it has been preserved to this day.
Today's organ of the pilgrimage church goes back to an instrument that was built in 1870 by the organ builder Anton Ehrlich from Straubing . In 1909 Ignaz Weise ( Plattling ) built a new work into the neo-Romanesque case from 1870, using material from the previous organ. In 1950/51 Eduard Hirnschrodt from Regensburg again manufactured a new instrument, which was integrated into the case from 1870 while partially reusing the historical inventory. In 2006 the instrument was completely dismantled and rebuilt by Armin Ziegltrum from Pfaffenberg by February 2007 . A new organ case was also created. Today's organ comprises a total of 23 registers on slider chests with mechanical play and register contractures . The disposition is based on instruments from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In detail it reads:
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- Coupling II / I, I / P, II / P
Bells
The five bells sound in the tone sequence a-c'-es'-f'-g '. The bells were cast by the Rudolf Perner bell foundry from Passau . The as ° bell is one of the largest durg bells in Germany. Originally the ringing of the pilgrimage church consisted of four bells, a fifth bell, the Marienglocke, from Landshut's Johann Hahn bell foundry was added in 1897 .
In the two world wars , all bells were withdrawn and then replaced with new ones. Today's bells from the Rudolf Perner bell foundry in Passau date from 1953. They are consecrated to St. Joseph , St. Brother Conrad , St. Francis of Assisi and St. Antonius of Padua . With the purchase of a Marienbell in 1959, the ringing was complete again.
literature
- New rising brotherhood in Germany of the Holy Name Mariae ... on the mountain Calvariä next to Vils-Biburg. 1727.
- Brotherhood of the fear of death of our ... Savior ... on the Mariehilfsberg near Vilsbiburg. 1797.
- Unfathomable discovered Marian treasure pits on the Mariahilf- and Klavariberg not far from the royal market in Vilsbiburg, Lower Bavaria that is: very brief but thorough notification, as reported Mariahilfkirche ... have been incorporated and thus endowed with almost innumerable graces and indulgences for ever. circa 1850.
- Brotherhood letter for the brotherhood to obtain a good death in the Mariahilf Church in Vilsbiburg. 1869
- Matthias Mühlbauer: Remembrance of the bicentenary of the Mercy and Pilgrimage Church Mariahilf near Vilsbiburg 7th to 12th September 1886. 1886.
- The Servant of God P. Viktrizius Weiß Provincial of the Capuchin Order in Bavaria, died in Vilsbiburg on October 8, 1924 in the name of holiness. 1929; 1939.
- Invitation to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Maria Hilf pilgrimage in Vilsbiburg from May 9th to 17th, 1936. 1936. (Festschrift)
- Johannes Kick, Zeno Ganser: Maria Hilf pilgrimage church, Vilsbiburg, Landshut district, Regensburg diocese; Patron feast of the Birth of the Virgin Mary (8.9.). 1975; 1986.
- Sabine Grob: The pilgrimage church Maria Hilf in Vilsbiburg. 1996.
- Gabi Schwarzbözl: Shepherds and pomp tents the Vilsbiburger Bergkripperl in the pilgrimage church Maria Hilf. 1999.
- Verena Friedrich: Vilsbiburg - pilgrimage church Maria Hilf. 2009. (Church leader)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Verena Friedrich: Vilsbiburg - pilgrimage church Maria Hilf. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2009, ISBN 978-3-89643-755-6 . Pp. 2-8.
- ↑ A brief historical summary . Online at wallfahrtskirche-vilsbiburg.de. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
- ↑ Cesare Santi: Domenico Mazio. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 25, 2008 , accessed August 18, 2018 .
- ^ A b Verena Friedrich: Vilsbiburg - pilgrimage church Maria Hilf. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2009, ISBN 978-3-89643-755-6 . P. 9f.
- ↑ a b c d Virtual tour of the pilgrimage church . Online at wallfahrtskirche-vilsbiburg.de. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e Verena Friedrich: Vilsbiburg - pilgrimage church Maria Hilf. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2009, ISBN 978-3-89643-755-6 . P. 22.
- ↑ Annual nativity scene of the mountain church . Online at www.vilsbiburg.info. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
- ↑ a b Bavarian organ database online
- ^ Organ of the pilgrimage church . Online at wallfahrtskirche-vilsbiburg.de. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
- ^ Vilsbiburg, Maria Hilf pilgrimage church . Online at www.glockenklaenge.de. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
Coordinates: 48 ° 26 ′ 38 " N , 12 ° 21 ′ 45" E