Gressenich

Gressenich City of Stolberg (Rhld.)
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 22 ″  N , 6 ° 18 ′ 1 ″  E
Height :	213 m above sea level NHN
Area :	41.12 km²
Residents :	2420  (2017)
Population density :	59 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	January 1, 1972
Postal code :	52224
Area code :	02409

Gressenich, chapel

Gressenich is a place on the northern edge of the Hohes Venn-Eifel nature park on the Omerbach , one of the oldest settlements in the Aachen area and since the municipal reorganization in 1972 a district of Stolberg (Rhld.) In the Aachen city region . The population is around 2,420. Together with the towns of Mausbach , Vicht , Schevenhütte and Werth , Gressenich formed an independent municipality from the Napoleonic period until 1972 with a brief interruption, first in the canton of Eschweiler , and from 1815 in the district of Aachen . Ore mining and, to a lesser extent, metal smelting have played a major role in the history of the place, the origins of which go back to Roman times.

geography

Neighboring districts of Gressenich are the Stolberg districts of Werth, Mausbach and Schevenhütte. To the north of Gressenich are the Eschweiler districts of Hastenrath and Scherpenseel , to the east of the Langerweher district of Hamich .

history

The originally Roman settlement is mentioned in a document as early as 842 and is therefore significantly older than Stolberg itself. The ending -iacum of the place name "Grasciniacum" when it was first mentioned in 842 shows that its origins are to be found in a Gallo-Roman estate and that in a settlement continuity the migration period survived. Later the place is called Grecenich (1109), Greznich (1234) and Gressenich (14th century).

In the area between Diepenlinchen and the Römerfeld the mines and ironworks of the Romans must have been located, who settled in Gressenich before the birth of Christ and for more than 400 years afterwards. Proof of this are, for example, the large grave fields that were discovered between Gressenich and Mausbach in the 19th century. The brass dishes made by the Romans in the metal works around Gressenich in the first century became widely known. The bell-shaped vessels of the so-called Hemmoorer type are called Hemmoorer buckets after their place of discovery , but are also called "Gressenich buckets" because of their presumed production location. A list with the names of several residents of this Roman industrial settlement was found in Gressenich in 1755. Afterwards, several residents of Gressenich consecrated a stone to Jupiter and the patron god of the place in 228 , which can still be seen in Kornelimünster today. It is not known exactly when the Roman brass industry came to an end. Production probably stopped in the 4th century. The importance of Gressenich in Roman times could be behind the legend of the submerged city of Gression or "Grassion", which the legend admittedly relocates to a large river .

Francs

King Ludwig II the German, a grandson of Charlemagne, gave the villa Crasciniacum to the monastery of Inda on March 26, 842 : At that time the royal estates were called 'villa', the entries of which were used to entertain the Frankish king and his entourage. They were in particularly large numbers around the imperial palace in Aachen . Like Eilendorf, Gressenich was later a judicial district in the Münsterländchen and from 1506 even had its own seal. In Gressenich there were several compartmental pannhouses .

In 848 King Karlmann transferred the Treffen estate to the Palatinate Monastery of Altötting . The monastery located in Carinthia also received the lead-zinc deposits between Gressenich and Scherpenseel .

Kornelimünster Abbey (1000 to 1800)

Before December 4, 1075, Archbishop Anno II of Cologne certified the foundation of the Siegburg monastery . The property of this new establishment includes u. a. 'Euenheim bei (Euskirchen)' and the place 'Cresich'. On November 28, 1109, Pope Paschal II confirmed his possessions in Euenheim , Fltern , Pier and 'Grecenich' to the Siegburg monastery .

In 1229 the monks of Kornelimünster bought Gressenich back.

In 1233 a document established the Omerbach as the border between the imperial abbey Kornelimünster and the Jülich area . The eastern settlements of Rott, Elle or Buschhausen belonged to the Jülich territorial lord.

In 1234 Otto II , Count Palatine near Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, gave the Count Wilhelm IV of Jülich the Palatine fiefs, to which u. a. the bailiwick in Kornelimünster and Gressenich belonged.

As an independent parish, Gressenich is mentioned in the “liber valoris” from the 13th century, which lists the income from the parishes in the Archdiocese of Cologne.

In 1336 the Vogt of Kornelimünster and Gressenich became margrave .

Many knights from Germany did military service as mercenaries in Italy in the 14th century. These included Hermann von Gressenich, who was recorded in Modena in 1346 and 1350 , and Haneken von Gressenich, who was in Pisa in 1356 .

In 1445 Gressenich passed to the knight Wilhelm von Nesselrode , together with the Herrlichkeit Stolberg and the Vogtei in Kornelimünster.

1530 residents of the village led the abbot of Kornelimünster action against the military master of the Duke in Jülich.

On August 8, 1531, the Jülich Treaty was concluded, which defines the border between the Duchy of Jülich and the departmental territory of Kornelimünster. This border divided the place along the Omerbach.

In the tithe account of the Düren forestry and military master from the 16th century, there is evidence of ore mining in Gressenich.

In 1634 the church was sacked by soldiers during the Thirty Years War .

In 1670, Abbot Johann Balduin von Berg-Dürendael reached a settlement with the Archbishop of Cologne, which also affects Gressenich on two points. The Archbishop of Cologne was granted the right to visit the abbey without hindrance. The abbot had the right of collation and the right to invest in the parishes mentioned.

In two strong earthquakes, the earthquake near Düren in 1756 and another in 1760, many chimneys also fell in Gressenich.

French mairie

In December 1792, French revolutionary troops occupied Aachen for the first time . After their temporary expulsion through the Austrian victory at Aldenhoven on March 1, 1793, they returned to Aachen in September 1794 and occupied Kornelimünster and its surroundings with 52,000 men. Gressenich belonged to France until 1814 .

For the first time a mayor's office ( Mairie ) Gressenich was formed (first mayor Johann Kutsch, from 1796 to 1801). Its extent can be seen on the tranchot map made by French cartographers : Vicht, Mausbach and Krewinkel belonged to the mayor's office of Gressenich; Schevenhütte, Elle, Rott and Gracht on the other hand to the mayor's office in Heistern . Werth was slammed into Nothberg . The Mairie Gressenich belonged to the canton Eschweiler in the Département de la Roer , which had its seat in Aachen.

In 1814 the French were driven out by Russian Cossacks .

19th century

In February 1815, the Congress of Vienna assigned substantial parts of the Rhineland to the Kingdom of Prussia . Gressenich was now in the district of Aachen in the administrative district of Aachen .

In 1821 Gressenich came to the Deanery Eschweiler through the bull De salute animarum , as did Mausbach, Vicht and Schevenhütte.

Around the middle of the 19th century, mining in the Diepenlinchen ore mine adjacent to Gressenich reached large-scale technical dimensions. Diepenlinchen became the main employer of the local population. Due to the depth of the mines, primary ores were increasingly extracted during this time.

In 1845, the Prussians issued the Rhenish Municipal Code, which prescribed the formation of special municipalities. As a result, the municipality of Gressenich was broken up and restored within the limits of 1531.

In 1850 the "Curiosity Special Communities" was given up. Gressenich, Mausbach, Vicht, Schevenhütte and Werth now again formed the municipality of Gressenich until the municipal reorganization in 1972.

In 1882 Schevenhütte had 380 inhabitants, Vicht 750 inhabitants, Mausbach 1149 inhabitants and Gressenich 498 inhabitants.

20th century

1912: Gressenich was connected to the water supply of the Aachen district.

1914–1918: 71 men from Gressenich lost their lives in the First World War .

From 1927 to 1972 the place belonged to the employment office district Eschweiler.

On October 1, 1932, following the dissolution of the communities of Nothberg and Hastenrath, the parts of Werth that had previously belonged to the Düren district and the groups of houses Weißenberg, Diepenlinchen and Burgholz were added.

In 1938 two Siegfried Line were built in Gressenich .

In 1942, Dr. Engelbert Regh, the mayor of the city of Stolberg, from Gressenich's deputy mayor Dr. Theodor Feldhege took over the administration of the community of Gressenich, which he exercised until the occupation by the Americans.

On September 15, 1944, the 3rd US Panzer Division in front of Gressenich was stopped for two months by the intervention of the German 9th Panzer Division .

On November 16, 1944, the largest bomb attack of the Second World War on Eschweiler, Weisweiler , Langerwehe, Düren, Jülich , Heinsberg , Hamich , Hürtgen and Gey took place in connection with a ground attack . In the evening the 47th US Infantry Regiment moved into Gressenich.

From November 18, 1944, Hastenrath and Scherpenseel were conquered. Eschweiler also fell on November 22nd. With that the front had passed. Gressenich was badly damaged in the course of the fighting, as was the three-aisled late Gothic church of St. Laurentius. Valuable art treasures were lost. In 1960 the foundation stone was laid for the new parish church, which was built on the site of the old church destroyed in the war and which was consecrated by Bishop Pohlschneider in 1965.

From 1961 to 1972 the zip code was 5184 Gressenich (via Eschweiler) .

In the 1960s and 1970s, Gressenich's disease was rampant .

On January 1, 1972, the municipality of Gressenich was incorporated into the city of Stolberg (Rhld.) Due to the Aachen law . Gressenich, Mausbach, Schevenhütte and Werth form Stolberg districts from now on.

In 1991 Schevenhütte had 795 inhabitants, Vicht 2,108 inhabitants, Mausbach 4,867 inhabitants and Gressenich 2,277 inhabitants.

21st century

In 2006 the Stolberg districts of the former municipality of Gressenich had the following population figures:

Gressenich: 2566 inhabitants; Werth: 1032 inhabitants; Schevenhütte: 706 inhabitants; Vicht: 1879 inhabitants; Mausbach: 4657 inhabitants

The townscape of Gressenich and the number of inhabitants was constantly changing due to the constant development of new building areas (Bovenheck, the new building area near Buschhausen as well as the expansion of the old settlement, jokingly called " Legoland " by Alt-Gressenichern ).

Infrastructure

In Gressenich there are various service providers, a practice for physical therapy and osteopathy , a retirement and nursing home and a municipal day care center for children, as well as several restaurants and pubs.

traffic

Gressenich is on the L 11, which leads to Eschweiler, and on the L 12, which leads from Kornelimünster via Gressenich and Schevenhütte to Niederzier . The A 44 motorway can be reached via the Aachen-Brand , Broichweiden and Alsdorf junctions. The highway A 4 is about the connection points Eschweiler-Ost , Weisweiler and Eschweiler-West distance.

The AVV bus routes

line	course
1	Uniklinik  - Westbahnhof  - Ponttor  - Aachen Bus Station  - Ludwig Forum  - Talbot  - Haaren  - Verlautenheide  - Atsch  - Stolberg Mühlener Bf  - Stolberg Altstadt  - Binsfeldhammer  - Bernardshammer  - Vicht  - Mausbach  - Werth  - Gressenich  - Schevenhütte
26th	Eschweiler  Bushof - Town Hall / City Center - Bergrath  - Nothberg  - Heistern  - Hamich  - Gressenich Chapel
42	( Schevenhütte  -) Gressenich Chapel  - Krewinkel  - Mausbach  - / ( Zweifall  -) Vicht  - Breinigerberg  - Breinig  - Dorff  - Büsbach  - Münsterbusch  - Zinkhütter Hof  - Stolberg Mühlener Bf  - ( Velau  - Stolberg Hbf ) / Birkengang  - Stolberg Hans-Böckler-Straße
261	Langerwehe train station  - Schönthal  - Wenau  - Heistern  - Hamich  - Gressenich  - Schevenhütte
EW1	Eschweiler Bushof - Town Hall - Bergrath  - Volkenrath  - Hastenrath  - Scherpenseel  - ( Gressenich Chapel / Werth Brunnenweg)

serve Gressenich.

The closest train station is Langerwehe station . The next Euregiobahn stop is Eschweiler-Nothberg .

Attractions

A statue " Anna selbdritt " (Anna to three) from the 15th century as well as figures and altarpieces of the Gothic winged altar were saved in the Second World War and can be seen in the parish church of St. Laurentius .

Regular events

So far, many professional cyclists have taken part in the annual cycling night ( Jan Ullrich 1999, Erik Zabel 1998–2001 and others). Other recurring events are the traditional May Festival of the local clubs, the sports festival of SV 1919 Gressenich, the meanwhile annual boules tournament and also the Christmas music of the Gressenich brass musicians, who traditionally make music through the town from 10 p.m. on Christmas Eve.

The highlights of the Gressenich Carnival are the annual Carnival Friday in the marquee on the market square and the big carnival parade on Sunday.

Guided tours through the place with many stories and anecdotes about Gressenich are offered regularly. In addition, the monthly discussion group “Dumols a Gressenich” (“Back then in Gressenich”) takes place, in which stories, tales, legends and experiences in, around and from Gressenich are passed down from old to young.

Every year concerts by the Gressenich choir take place in the Römerstrasse parish hall. Numerous choirs and music groups from the near and far are regular guests here.

Every 2 years around Christmas time, the Gressenich choir organizes a large benefit concert in the parish church of St. Laurentius. This event has been one of the musical highlights for years and is very popular. The donation proceeds are repeatedly used for social purposes.

Woodsticks

Up to and including 2011, the rock concert "Woodstöckchen" took place annually in August on the Wolff Farm, sometimes with up to several hundred spectators. Primarily, young bands from the region found a platform here. In recent years, however, the number of visitors has decreased significantly , so that Woodstock was no longer held in 2012. The name is reminiscent of the legendary Woodstock Festival in 1969. The organizers of the last Woodstock were Wolfgang Schnock and the owner of the Wolff farm Michael Wolff.

societies

• Volunteer Fire Brigade Gressenich
• Chorgemeinschaft Gressenich eV (mixed choir)
• Pigeon fanciers association
• Interest group St. Martin Gressenich
• Eifelverein Gressenich
• Marian Association
• Brass musicians Gressenich (brass band)
• Carnival society "Fidele Bessemskriemer" Gressenich eV
• Motorrad-Sport-IG Gressenich eV 1968

Sons and daughters of the place

• 1896 Wilhelm Kohlen , mayor and community director of the community of Gressenich, 1949–1952 district administrator of the Aachen district
• 1957 Axel Wirtz , politician ( CDU ) and member of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia
• 1959 Lutz Kreutzer (geologist and writer, 1990 emigrated to Austria, Vienna, there in 1994 first German citizen in the Austrian Ministry of Science, university lecturer in Salzburg and manager in the private sector, Munich)
• 1966 Angelika Schierholt (2001 first German kick-boxing world champion), b. in Gressenich-Mausbach

Buschhausen

Buschhausen is a southern part of the Gressenich district. The height is 227.1 m above sea level. NN . With the incorporation of Gressenich on January 1, 1972, Buschhausen came to Stolberg. Buschhausen consists of only a few streets on the western edge of the Gressenich forest. The next AVV bus stops are in Gressenich-Mitte.

literature

• René Sauer and Agi Sauer: Crasciniaci • Genealogy community Gressenich - Family register of the Stolberg districts Gressenich, Mausbach, Schevenhütte, Werth and Vicht. Self-published by Reiner L. Sauer, Eschweiler 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-033938-7 .
• Dieter Mätschke: Stolberger walks. Vol. 2: In the North Eifel Nature Park. Meyer & Meyer Verlag Aachen 1991, ISBN 3-89124-105-4 .

Web links

Commons : Gressenich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sonja Essers: More births, but fewer inhabitants in Stolberg. In: Stolberger Zeitung. Retrieved February 2, 2019 . 
2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 305 .
3. ↑ When silence gives way to hard bass