24th century BC Chr.

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The 24th century BC Chr. Began v on January 1, 2400. And ended on December 31, 2301 BC. This corresponds to the period 4350 to 4251 before today or the interval 3885 to 3840 radiocarbon years .

Age / Epoch

• Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
• Nordic Middle Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
• End Neolithic (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe .

Sumerian Empire by Lugal-Zagesi

Events / developments

Empire of Akkad

• 2400 to 2300 BC Chr .:
  • Ebla in Syria is peaking. The city had possibly up to 250,000 inhabitants.
• 2400 to 2200 BC Chr .:
  • Troy II developed into a large city thanks to its strategic position in trade. The hoard treasure of Priam dates from this period.
• Around 2400 BC Chr .:
  • The city of Lothal of the Indus culture is founded.
  • War and trade expeditions to Syria , Nubia and Punt take place under the Pharaoh Djedkare . A pygmy is brought back to the court.
• 2380 to 2361 BC Chr .:
  • The oldest known peace treaty is signed between Lugal-kiniše-dudu , the king of Uruk , and En-metena , the king of Lagaš .
• Around 2350 BC Chr .:
  • The so-called pyramid texts were created under Pharaoh Unas in ancient Egypt .
  • In Lagaš , Urukagina proclaimed the first historical code of law , the Urukagina Reform Laws .
  • First destruction of the city of Mari in northern Mesopotamia.
• Around 2340 BC Chr .:
  • The Early Dynastic Period (Early Dynastic III a / b - 2600 to 2450/2340 BC) ends in Mesopotamia .
  • Lugal-Zagesi von Umma first destroyed the Sumerian city of Lagaš and then conquered Sumer (partly peaceful, partly warlike). Lugal-Zagesi was thus the first Sumerian king over an entire Sumerian kingdom (territorial state).
• 2333 BC Chr .:
  • Mythological foundation of Go-Joseon , the first kingdom on the Korean peninsula , by Dangun Wanggeom .
• 2330 to 2000 BC Chr .:
  • The Epic of Gilgamesh is written down. In the 24th century BC The Etana myth was also written in BC .
• around 2316 BC Chr .:
  • Sargon von Akkad defeats Lugal-Zagesi and creates the Akkadian Empire , the first organized state in human history .

Inventions and discoveries

• Beekeeping is mentioned in writing for the first time in Egypt .
• First mail delivery service in Egypt.
• Around 2400 BC Chr .:
  • First illustration of a scaling ladder under the pharaoh Djedkare .

Buildings

South side of the Unas pyramid with preserved cladding

• Around 2400 BC Chr .:
  • The chamber of West Kennet Long Barrow in Wiltshire is being backfilled.
• 2400 to 2380 BC Chr .:
  • The Pharaoh Djedkare has his pyramid built in Saqqara South .
• Around 2380 to 2350 BC Chr .:
  • The Unas pyramid is being built in Saqqara . In the underground pyramid chambers are first pyramid texts attached.
• 2340 BC Chr .:
  • The Woodhenge in Wiltshire is built.
• 2318 to 2300 BC Chr .:
  • The pyramid of Teti II is being built in Saqqara.

Natural disasters

• 2390/2370/2349 BC Chr .:
  • According to the Hebrew Bible text, the time of the flood ( Genesis 7, 11).
• 2360/2310 BC Chr .:
  • The volcano Hekla erupts in Iceland (Hekla-4).

Personalities

Statue of Teti II

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Pharaohs of Egypt

5th dynasty:

• Djedkare (2410-2380 BC)
• Unas (2380–2350 BC)

6th dynasty:

• Teti II. (2318–2300 BC / founder of the 6th dynasty )

King of Sumer

• Lugal-Zagesi (2340–2316 BC)

King of Akkad

• Sargon of Akkad (2356–2300 BC)

Kings of Lagaš

• Enanatum II. (2400-2380 BC)
• Lugal-anda (2370–2350 BC)
• Urukagina (2350-2340 BC)

Others

• En-hedu-anna , daughter of Sargon, first known author / poet in history
• Ptahhotep , ancient Egyptian vizier, author of the maxims of Ptahhotep .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Egypt :
  • Old Empire :
    • 5th Dynasty (2500 to 2345/2318 BC)
    • 6th Dynasty (2345/2318 to 2216/2180 BC)

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Mesopotamia :
  • Lagaš :
    • 1st Dynasty (2550 to 2371 BC)
  • Ur :
    • 1st Dynasty (2550/2500 to 2340 BC)
  • Uruk :
    • 2nd Dynasty (2520 to 2371 BC)
    • 3rd Dynasty (2371 to 2347 BC)
  • Kiš :
    • 3rd Dynasty: (around 2400 BC)
    • 4th Dynasty: (around 2380 BC)
    • 5th Dynasty: (2370 to 2230 BC)
  • Sumer : united for the first time under Lugal-Zagesi (2340 to 2316 BC)
  • Battery period : (2340/2316 to 2200 BC)

Ebih-Il, Early Dynastic Sumerian Intendant, 2400 BC Chr.

• Iran :
  • Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
  • Schahr-e Suchte III (2500 to 2300 BC)
  • Elam : Old Elamite Period (2700 to 1600 BC)
  • Susa IV B (2400 to 2100 BC)
  • Tepe Yahya IV A (2500 to 2200 BC), Elamite?
• Syria :
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
  • Tall Leilan (5000 to 1726 BC) - Phase IIa, IIb3 and IIb2
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
  • First Kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIb1 - 2400 to 2300 BC)
• Turkey :
  • Troy :
    • Troy II (2550 to 2200 BC)
• Bahrain :
  • Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
  • Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
  • Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
  • Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
  • The Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi is coming to an end
  • Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
  • Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
  • Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
  • Shijiahe culture (2600 to 2000 BC) on the middle Yangtze
  • Banshan Machang culture (2500 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
  • Baodun culture (2500 to 1700 BC) in Sichuan
• Korea :
  • Middle Jeulmon Period (3500 to 2000 BC)
  • Go-Joseon (2333-108 BC)
• Japan :
  • Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)
• Vietnam :
  • Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
  • Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC)

Cultures in South Asia

Probable fertility goddess of the Harappa phase, 2500 to 1900 BC Chr.

• Indus Valley :
  • Indus culture : Harappa phase
    • Harappa 3B (2450 to 2200 BC)
• Balochistan :
  • Mehrgarh : Period VII (from 2600 to 2200 BC), the city is largely abandoned
  • Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
• Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
• Eastern Europe :
  • Disappearance of the Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and in Ukraine and the
  • Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
  • Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
  • Poltavka culture (2700 to 2100 BC) on the central Volga
  • Potapovka culture (2500 to 2000 BC) on the central Volga
  • Catacomb tomb culture (2500 to 2000 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
  • Abashevo culture (2500 to 1800 BC) in northern Russia

Red-polished, double-nosed jug from the south coast of Cyprus, 2500 to 2300 BC Chr.

• Southeast Europe :
  • Greece :
    • Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH II (2700 to 2200 BC)
    • Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK II (2700 to 2200 BC) with
      • The Keros-Syros culture (2700 to 2300 BC) comes to an end
  • Crete :
    • early Minoan pre-palace period FM II (2700 to 2200 BC)
  • Cyprus :
    • Philia culture (2500 to 2000 BC)

• Central Europe :
  • Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
  • The Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy is coming to an end
  • Schönfeld culture (2900 to 2100 BC) in Germany and the Czech Republic
  • End of the individual grave culture (2800 to 2300 BC) in northern Germany, Poland , the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia
  • Corded ceramics (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe, the Baltic States and Russia
  • Bell beaker culture (2600 to 2200 BC, in Great Britain to 1800 BC) in central, western and southern Europe

The Woodhenge in Wiltshire, built around 2340 BC. BC, whose carrier was the bell beaker culture

• Western Europe :
  • Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
  • Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
  • Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) in central western France - recent stage Peu-Richard II (until 2350 BC) and final stage Peu-Richard Final
  • Artenac culture (2500 to 2000 BC) in western and southwestern France
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC): Spain and Portugal
      • Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
      • Vila Nova de São Pedro (2700 to 1300 BC)
    • British Isles (from 3800 BC)
      • Stonehenge 3 III (2400-2280 BC)
    • Malta : Tarxien necropolis (2500 to 1500 BC)

Cultures in america

• Greenland :
  • Independence I culture (2400/2300 to 1000 BC)
  • Saqqaq culture (2400-900 BC)
• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
  • Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru with
    • Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
  • San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Klaas Veenhof : History of the Ancient Orient up to the time of Alexander the Great. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001, ISBN 3-525-51685-1 , p. 54.
2. ↑ Gebhard J. Selz : Sumerians and Akkadians: History, Society, Culture. CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 3-406-50874-X , p. 63.
3. ^ Dietz-Otto Edzard : History of Mesopotamia: From the Sumerians to Alexander the Great. CH Beck, 2004, ISBN 3-406-51664-5 , pp. 60-61.
4. ↑ Peter Panitschek: Grazer Classical Studies - From the Uruk Period to Ur III. Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 978-3-631-56194-2 , pp. 47-51.
5. ↑ Christine Liew: Guest in Korea. Iwanowski´s Reisebuchverlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86197-004-0 , p. 31.
6. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .

Web links

Commons : 24th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files