Dallgow-Döberitz
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Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ' N , 13 ° 5' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Havelland | |
| Height : | 33 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 66.54 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 10,019 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 151 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 14624 | |
| Area code : | 03322 | |
| License plate : | HVL, NAU, RN | |
| Community key : | 12 0 63 056 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Wilmsstrasse 41 14624 Dallgow-Döberitz |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Jürgen Hemberger ( Free Voters ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Dallgow-Döberitz in the Havelland district | ||
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Dallgow-Döberitz [ ˈdalgoː- ] is a municipality in the east of the Havelland district in Brandenburg .
geography
The municipality of Dallgow-Döberitz borders in the north on Falkensee , in the east on Berlin-Staaken , in the south on Potsdam-Groß Glienicke and the Döberitzer Heide and in the west on Wustermark .
Community structure
The municipality includes the district of Seeburg and the inhabited parts of the municipality Expansion, Dallgow, Engelsfelde, Neu-Döberitz, Neurohrbeck, Rohrbeck and Sperlingshof.
history
Dallgow-Döberitz is particularly important in terms of military history. The establishment of the Döberitz military training area under Kaiser Wilhelm II in the years 1892–1895 shaped the development and appearance of the place for decades. Some of the buildings that were once used by the military (old post office, officers' houses, commandant's office) are now used for civilian purposes. The barrack camp (old camp) for housing and supplying the exercising troops has completely disappeared from the townscape. The Heerstraße as a connection to an existing road connection from the center of Berlin was expanded to the military training area, including the two Havel bridges Stößenseebrücke and Freybrücke . The former military training area is now a nature reserve.
Döberitz village
For a long time, Döberitz was an idyllic and peaceful place, surrounded by dense pine forests, where a church was built as early as 1713. When the Prussian military claimed the area for a new military training area in 1892, all residents had to leave their village. However, the buildings left behind in the village were not initially demolished. The former residents were allowed to continue to visit their village on the practice site for a long time when there was no practice. After the end of the Second World War, the village was repopulated for a short time from 1945. With the land reform in the GDR , the more than 4,000 hectares of the Döberitz military training area were expropriated and distributed as land to the so-called new farmers and used again for agricultural purposes, with a new farm being built around 1952. However, this training area was soon claimed again by the military, the Soviet Army , because in 1957 the affected residents were expropriated, who had to leave Döberitz again within a very short time. In the following years the buildings were demolished except for a few remains of the wall and foundations. After the withdrawal of the Soviet troops in 1991, the former village center remained inaccessible due to the dangers. Since 2004 the entire area has been owned by the Heinz Sielmann Foundation , which set up a fenced-in wilderness core zone here. Since 2009 the former village site has been without public access in the middle of this wilderness core zone. The old main access road from Dallgow to Döberitz and from there on to Krampnitz , which is still falsely entered as a secondary road in almost all maps , is only fragmentary today and serves on the short, best-preserved section from Dallgower Sperlingshof to the fence of the Wilderness core zone as a hiking trail.
Olympic village for the 1936 Summer Games
In Dallgow, an Olympic village was built between 1934 and 1936 , which today is largely only preserved as a ruin and was added to the neighboring community of Wustermark as part of the territorial reform in the 1990s, under the protest of the Dallgower community council - Wustermark now has the Olympic rings in the coat of arms.
Military history
The military use of the area around the village Döberitz was in 1713 under I. Friedrich Wilhelm added. In September 1753, under Frederick II, a first major maneuver followed, which was misrepresented in the literature during the Seven Years' War to mislead foreign countries and was carried out with 44,000 soldiers.
Until 1890, the Berlin and Potsdam troops carried out target practice on the shooting range in Tegel . Because of the deficiencies of the place, the Prussian army command demanded a permanent training ground. The then chief of the General Staff of the Guard Corps decided on the area around Döberitz. In 1892 the then General Staff Officer von Bredow was given the task of inspecting the site and defining the borders. The land surveys and negotiations between the military treasury and the affected communities began in 1893, and by 1894 the military treasury had requisitioned the area of approximately 4,400 hectares around Döberitz . The village had to be left and the surrounding area was cleared on a large scale. At the behest of the military, the Heerstraße (today's B 5 ) was expanded as a direct connection between Berlin and the military training area.
Initially housed in large tents, the soldiers - with a stopover in corrugated iron barracks - were relocated to permanent houses until 1914. The camp, called barrack camp, was built on Berlin-Hamburger Chaussee between Rohrbeck in the west and Dallgow in the east. From 1910 flight attempts were made in Döberitz and, also until 1914, air barracks and the airfield were built. With the beginning of the First World War , the camp also became an internment and prisoner-of-war camp, initially as part of the barrack camp (new camp) itself, from 1915 in two newly built camps near Rohrbeck and Dyrotz . A total of more than 30,000 prisoners from 7 nations were imprisoned there by October 1918. After 1918, monitored by the Inter-Allied Military Control Commission , many military installations (including the first flight simulator, for example ) were dismantled or destroyed.
In addition to the military training facility in Döberitz, which was originally intended solely for infantry, artillery and cavalry, it is relevant to military history that German military aviation began with the first “Provisional Aviation School” in 1910 in Dallgow-Döberitz.
The airfield set up for this purpose was located in the northwestern part of the military training area near Priort . Shortly before the First World War, Germany's first air battalion was established here, and numerous fighter pilots and aerial observers were trained in Döberitz during the war. From 1914 the Fliegerbataillon Nr. 1 was stationed here, in which Manfred von Richthofen was also trained in 1916 . On August 1, 1914, the day on which Germany entered the First World War, the Aviation Replacement Department 2 (FEA 2) was set up in Döberitz, which was relocated to Schneidemühl in August 1915 . On April 29, 1916, the Riesenflieger-Ersatzabteilung (RFEA) was set up and later relocated to Cologne . After the First World War, the Versailles Treaty restricted the maintenance of military forces in Germany. Among other things, the air force was banned (until January 1927) and the airfield was closed. But despite the ban, flight operations began again in the 1920s, initially disguised as commercial flying. On Hitler's orders, the Condor Legion was sent to Guernica (Spain) in 1936 to support the fascist General Francisco Franco against the democratic government in the Spanish Civil War . The air raid on Guernica was considered a test by the German air force and must be seen as a preparation for the Second World War.
In 1919/20 the Ehrhardt Marine Brigade was housed in Dallgow-Döberitz and marched on Heerstrasse to Berlin on the night of March 12th to 13th, 1920 as the prelude to the Kapp Putsch .
Even after the First World War, the Reichswehr used the training area and its facilities. Up until the Second World War , the military training area was continuously expanded.
By 1930 a center of political reaction had formed that was also a hiding place for the Black Reichswehr . During the time of National Socialism , one of the largest military training centers for pilots ( Elsgrund Air Base ) and infantry ( Olympic Village and Löwen-Adler barracks ) as well as bases for artillery, aerial news (Hottengrund / Kladow ) and air defense (Elstal) was established in Döberitz .
Remarkably, the area, which was well known to the Allies as a military location, was never the target of massive bombing. British false drops and Soviet artillery shells only struck here occasionally. Most of the facilities survived the war unscathed.
From 1944 until the end of the war, there were branches of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for men and of the Uckermark concentration camp for girls and young women in Dallgow-Döberitz, as well as a forced labor camp in which Soviet forced laborers were interned.
After the Second World War, refugees were housed in the buildings and facilities belonging to the military training area (so-called barrack camps). In 1947 the Red Army took over the camp and stationed up to 20,000 soldiers there. With the withdrawal of Russian troops in 1992, military use ended. All the buildings for housing the teams were demolished. The site of the former warehouse is today's new development area Neu-Döberitz, whereby the old trees and the warehouse layout have largely been preserved.
The last two buildings of the Döberitz barracks camp - which are under monument protection - and thus a symbol of the eventful military history of the place, are the water tower and barrack 34.While the water tower is only open irregularly, barrack 34 became a playhouse for the St. Martin daycare center .
The former airport site has been managed by the Heinz Sielmann Foundation as a game reserve since 2004 , and the military training area has been a nature reserve crossed by hiking trails since 1997 . The Bundeswehr (Garrison Spandau) only uses a small part in the south for training purposes.
Incorporations
On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipality of Rohrbeck was incorporated. On October 26, 2003 Seeburg was incorporated.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
Community representation
The municipal council of Dallgow-Döberitz consists of 18 municipal representatives and the full-time mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 5 |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 4th |
| Free Community of Voters Dallgow-Döberitz (FWG) | 3 |
| SPD | 2 |
| AfD | 2 |
| The left | 1 |
| FDP | 1 |
mayor
- 1997-2005: Hans-Günter Heppe
- since 2005: Jürgen Hemberger (FWG)
In the runoff election on April 28, 2013, Hemberger was confirmed in office for another eight years with 52.4% of the valid votes. 1386 eligible voters voted for him. His opponent Alexander Lamprecht (SPD) received 1257 votes and thus 47.6%. The turnout was 37.6%.
coat of arms
The official coat of arms of the municipality of Dallgow was first awarded in 1938. The renewed coat of arms from 1995 has been graphically revised, but contains the same design elements and was approved on April 20, 1998.
Blazon : “In silver, divided by a red central bar, a green oak tree with leaves on a mountain; the trunk separated by two juxtaposed blue plowshares; the bar covered with a silver sword. "
The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Frank Diemar .
flag
The flag of the municipality consists - when hung on a cross piece - of 2 vertical stripes in the colors green and white, on which the municipality coat of arms is placed in the middle.
Attractions
The list of monuments in Dallgow-Döberitz includes the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the State of Brandenburg.
Döberitzer Heide
The Döberitzer Heide nature reserve is being transformed from a former military training area into a nature reserve and recreation area in line with Agenda 21 , the final document of the international conference for environmental protection and development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, as part of the Döberitzer Heide conversion project and the surrounding barracks.
Even after the withdrawal of the former Soviet troops, the Döberitzer Heide is still largely a restricted area. Few areas have been cleared. The Döberitzer Heide has been a nature reserve since 1997, which the Heinz Sielmann Foundation acquired at the beginning of 2004 in order to set up the Döberitzer Heide natural landscape .
Economy and Infrastructure
The municipality of Dallgow-Döberitz has owned an industrial park on the site of the former military training area since autumn 2003. The former military area was extensively cleaned up with ammunition with funds from the EU and the federal government, as it is located on the area of a former shooting range. The site has a size of 23 hectares and has been prepared for commercial settlement. To create the industrial park, 37 buildings were demolished and 30,000 m³ of rubble were disposed of. In Dallgow and Seeburg there is the large shopping center Havelpark Dallgow in the immediate vicinity of the B 5, various hotels, several car dealerships, retail and various businesses.
traffic
The four-lane federal highway 5 runs through the community between Nauen and the Berlin city limits ( Spandau district ). The closest motorway junction is Berlin-Spandau on the A 10 (western Berliner Ring).
The breakpoint Dallgow on the railway Berlin-Stendal-Hannover is from the regional express -line RE 4 ( Rathenow -Berlin- Ludwigsfelde ) and the Regional line 13 (RB Wustermark - Berlin-Jungfernheide ) served.
Several bus lines offer connections to the neighboring towns. The Metrobus M32 of the BVG links the Havel Park Dallgow with the U- and S-Bahn Berlin-Spandau .
education
The Marie-Curie-Gymnasium has a natural science character. In February 2005 it moved to a new building that was awarded the Brandenburg Architectural Prize. The new building is the only new high school in Brandenburg to date. Since the school year 2009/2010, after the completion of an extension, the five-class school has started.
The Marie-Curie-Gymnasium Dallgow-Döberitz achieved national fame as the location for the remake of the feature film Die Welle, which was filmed in summer 2007 .
In Dallgow and Seeburg there are five children's or after-school facilities, as the community continues to grow due to the uninterrupted influx from Berlin. There is also a municipal primary school, a new building from 2001 with two school locations. The further expansion of the primary school is planned.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Johann Christoph von Woellner (1732–1800), pastor and statesman
- Christian Krause (* 1940), regional bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church in Braunschweig 1994–2002
Personalities associated with Dallgow-Döberitz
- Manfred von Richthofen (1892–1918), fighter pilot in the First World War, was trained as a fighter pilot in the Aviation Battalion No. 1 at the Döberitz airfield in 1916, after he had already received flight lessons from Oswald Boelcke during the First World War (on the Somme / France).
- Ralf-Bernhard Wartke (* 1948), archaeologist of the Near East, lives in Dallgow-Döberitz
- Mylène Diederichsmeier (* 1977), show jumper, grew up in Dallgow-Döberitz
- PA Sports (* 1990), German rapper, lives in Dallgow-Döberitz
literature
- Kai Biermann , Erhard Cielewitz: Döberitz airfield - birthplace of military aviation in Germany . Links, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-86153-371-5 .
- Lutz Münchhoff (Ed.): Dallgow-Döberitz in flight. Dedicated to the Münchhoff-Carus family and their home. A picture chronicle and aerial photographs of today. Filum-Rubrum-Verlag, Dallgow-Döberitz 2007, ISBN 978-3-940678-00-3 .
- Ursula Kluchert: Dallgow. Chronicle of a village. Filum-Rubrum-Verlag, Dallgow-Döberitz 2009, ISBN 978-3-940678-01-0 .
- Susanne Dost: The Olympic Village in 1936 through the ages . Bernd Neddermayer, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-933254-12-4 .
- Wolfgang Cilleßen: The Olympic Village 1936 . GbR Olympic Village, Potsdam / Berlin 1996, OCLC 247289831 .
- The garrisons of Potsdam, Rathenow, Koepenick, Döberitz, Kummersdorf . In: The Mark Brandenburg. Issue 47, Berlin 1997, ISSN 0939-3676 .
- Brandenburg Monument Preservation. Volume 6, 1997, Issue 2, Berlin 2002, ISSN 0942-3397 , pp. 5-11 and 40-44.
- Paul Deickert: Döberitz. Self-published, Döberitz 1930, DNB 572681399 .
- Paul Deickert: Historical Döberitz - Döberitz as it was and as it is . Revised and supplemented 2nd edition. "Open words", Berlin 1936, DNB 572681402 .
- The Olympic Village. Accommodation of the infantry school and the 1st Btl. Of the infantry training regiment . Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1938, 2nd edition. (on behalf of the Wehrmacht) the brochure “The Olympic Village” published for the Olympics.
- Village of peace. The Olympic Village built by the Wehrmacht of the German Reich to celebrate the XI. Olympic Games Berlin 1936 . Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1936, DNB 575944021 .
- Wilhelm Doegen (Ed.): POWs peoples. Volume 1. 6th edition. Berlin 1921, DNB 365535133 .
- Erika Stix u. a .: The history of the Döberitzer Heide. Volume 1-9, Berlin 1999-2011, DNB 983153965 .
- Günter Nagel: Döberitz military training area. In: The Mark Brandenburg. Issue 47, Marika Großer Verlag, Berlin 2002
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Community of Dallgow-Döberitz :. Retrieved October 21, 2019 .
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg
- ↑ Döberitz village. ( Memento from January 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on: doeberitzer-heide.de
- ↑ Sielmann's natural landscape Döberitzer Heide. to: sielmann-stiftung.de
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Havelland . Pp. 14-17
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 25
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on April 28, 2013
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ Brandenburg Architecture Prize 2005 for the diversity of city functions and cityscape design from May 30, 2005.
www.labenski-dallgow.de
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