Code names of German military operations in World War II
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Aliases German military operations in World War II invented and used the Nazi regime and the armed forces to opponents and subordinate ranks to let the aim and scope of the planned actions in the dark and take advantage of a surprise for execution.
In some plans, actions by the Allies were assumed in order to carry out a study of the necessary countermeasures, see e.g. B. Sprat , or possibly to become active yourself: see Richard . If the 'corresponding' operations were actually carried out by the Allies, the Wehrmacht was usually unable to react for material reasons or the plans were out of date.
Beginning August 13, 1940, the aim was to gain air control over England in order to be able to carry out the Sea Lion operation, the preliminary study was the case of Blau
Entry into the previously unoccupied part of France , carried out on November 11, 1942 at 7:00 a.m. by the 1st Army , Colonel General Blaskowitz , in response to the surrender of the Vichy troops in North Africa to those who landed on November 8 as part of Operation Torch allied troops
Operation to evacuate Estonia with the support of the Kriegsmarine in September 1944
Attila
Originally a plan from December 1940 to occupy the unoccupied part of France in the event of the defection of the Vichy troops in the French colonies, which was then carried out as Anton . 1941 plan to support the Vichy French in the Middle East
German air raids in the west on Allied airfields on January 1, 1945 were the last major coherent action of the Luftwaffe, with which the tactical air superiority of the Allies was to be broken during the Battle of the
Bulge
From June 30, 1942, the name of the Blue case for a second part of the Wehrmacht's summer offensive in July and August 1942 in the south of the Eastern Front in the Soviet Union, again split up into the Clausewitz company and the Dampfhammer company
Operation plan of August 8, 1940 for an invasion of Ireland in support of Operation Sea Lion
H
Alias
Explanation
Hagen movement
Withdrawal of the front arc at Oryol to deploy the troops east of Bryansk ; Approved at the urging of Army Group Center on August 1, 1943, after Operation Citadel had failed and Russian offensives now had to be stopped
shark
Cover company in connection with Barbarossa , cf. Harpoon
Hitler's order of March 19, 1945 to destroy all facilities on retreat that could be useful to the enemy and to leave only scorched earth behind; this order was only partially obeyed.
Plan for the final conquest of enclosed Leningrad on September 14, 1942; However, since the 11th Army had to stop a Soviet offensive in the Schlüsselburg area since August 27, 1942, the plan was never implemented.
Advance in northern Alsace by the XXXIX. Panzer Corps and the XIII. SS Army Corps from December 31, 1944, which was supposed to prevent a counterattack into the left flank of the Ardennes offensive and to win back Alsace . Lying south of Weißenburg on January 9, 1945 , Strasbourg could be held by the Allies.
initially as a “special case of Otto” as a contingency plan for Austria from 1937 if the monarchy were to come back to power there; then renamed by Hitler to military instruction No. 1: "Company Otto" "for the armed invasion of the Wehrmacht in Austria"
From summer 1940 troop transfers and various stages of planning to make the army ready for war against the Soviet Union in the same year (with Chief of Staff F. Halder). Partly congruent with "Enterprise Barbarossa"
Operation of German submarines off the American east coast from January 11, 1942. By the end of January, five submarines, U 66 , U 109 , U 123 , U 125 , U 130 , sank 25 ships and operations continued after the success. During this so-called second happy time for the German submarines, a total of 397 ships were sunk off the coast of North America .
Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler's plan to decimate the population of Eastern Europe, expulsion and colonization plans ; only partially realized, see also general plan east
Operation of the Kriegsmarine against the supply convoy PQ-17 in the North Sea in July 1942; canceled because the British Admiralty disbanded the convoy
Weather station of the German Navy on Franz-Josef-Land from 1943 to 1944
creeper
Plan for the northern extension of the bottleneck to the Demyansk basin in 1942
Snowstorm
Fight of the 5th SS Mountain Corps against Tito in Eastern Bosnia from December 18 to 31, 1943 as a continuation of Kugelblitz, 2000 partisans are said to have been killed
training
1935 study on the attack on Czechoslovakia and the simultaneous defense of the empire in the west
Plan of a landing in England in 1940 according to directive No. 16 of the Führer Headquarters ; on October 12, 1940, the OKW announced the decision to only use the sea lion as a means of pressure; the final termination took place on January 10, 1941
Deployment in Finland against the Soviet Union in May / June 1941, divided into platinum fox, northern advance against Murmansk , and arctic fox, southern advance towards the White Sea
Relocation of German troops to North Africa ; Execution January / February 1941; the Afrikakorps ("Sperrverband Afrika") reached its target area for the first time by convoy from February 8th to 11th, 1941 and began the Wehrmacht's
Africa campaign
During the battle for Budapest , recruited local special forces were to remain camouflaged as so-called "residents" in Budapest in order to carry out espionage and sabotage measures against the Soviet troops.
On July 31, 1943, the provision to put down civil unrest; the movement of July 20, 1944 tried to use this decree to overthrow the Nazi regime, but failed because of the failed assassination attempt on Hitler
Wallenstein I.
Operation against Italian partisans from July 1st to 7th 1944 in the northern Apennines in the province of Parma
Wallenstein II
Operation against Italian partisans in the second half of July 1944 in the northern Apennines in the provinces of Parma, Piacenza, Genoa and La Spezia
Wallenstein III
Operation against Italian partisans in the second half of July 1944 in the northern Apennines in the provinces of Reggio Emilia and Modena
Plan on December 12, 1942 to establish a connection from the southwest to the enclosed Stalingrad in order to initiate the eruption; after coming within 55 kilometers of the siege ring, the attempt was stopped on December 23, 1942
Attack plan in the Kursk bend in 1943; considered one of the greatest tank battles, if not the greatest tank battle of all time; originally planned for March 13, 1943, the attack did not take place until July 5, 1943, since the operational surprise had been lost, the offensive failed and was discontinued on July 13
With the instructions or instructions for waging war issued by the High Command of the Wehrmacht , Hitler partially "canonized" the names for the planned companies. Examples are:
Directive No. 1 of March 11, 1938: Otto
Directive No. 1 for the conduct of war dated August 31, 1939: White
Directive No. 16 for the conduct of war of July 16, 1940: Sea lion
Directive No. 20 for the conduct of war of December 13, 1940: Marita
Directive No. 21 for the conduct of war of December 18, 1940: Barbarossa
Other operation cover names are passed down mainly through operation orders, e.g. B .:
Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Hitler's instructions for warfare 1939 - 1945. Documents of the Wehrmacht High Command. Nebel Verlag 2000, ISBN 3-89-555173-2 .
Percy E. Schramm (Ed.): War Diary of the High Command of the Wehrmacht 1939-1945 ; Study edition 1982.
Book of aliases, Appendix 8 to the supplement to the H.Dv. 427, (Protection of communications in the army), 1944, ISBN 978-3-7504-5176-6 .
