Dili (municipality)
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Munisípiu Dili (tetum) Município de Díli (port.) |
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| Data | ||
| Capital | Dili | |
| surface | 364.12 km² (13.) | |
| Population (2015) | 277,279 (1.) | |
| Population density | 761.51 inhabitants / km² (1st) | |
| Number of households (2015) | 42,485 (1.) | |
| ISO 3166-2: | TL-DI | |
| Administrative offices | Residents | surface |
| Atauro | 9,274 | 140.13 km² |
| Cristo Rei | 62,848 | 80.62 km² |
| Dom Aleixo | 130,095 | 25.93 km² |
| Metinaro | 5,654 | 85.41 km² |
| Nain Feto | 32,834 | 6.12 km² |
| Vera Cruz | 36,574 | 25.92 km² |
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Dili is a municipality in East Timor . The municipal capital is the city of Dili , which is the capital and economic center of East Timor at the same time.
geography
The municipality of Dili is the smallest in the country with 364.12 km² (before the 2015 regional reform: 368.12 km²). It is located on the north coast of Timor on the Sawu Sea and borders Manatuto in the east, Aileu in the south and Liquiçá in the west . The island of Atauro , 30 km north of the state capital, belongs to the municipality .
The municipality is divided into six administrative offices and 36 sucos . The island of Atauro (Sucos: Beloi , Biqueli , Macadade , Maquili , Vila Maumeta ) forms an independent administrative office. The administrative office of Dom Aleixo forms the west of the city (Sucos: Bairro Pite , Bebonuk , Comoro , Fatuhada , Kampung Alor , Madohi , Manleuana ), the east the administrative office of Cristo Rei (Sucos: Ailok , Balibar , Becora , Bidau Santana , Hera , Camea , Culu Hun ( Kulu Hun ), Meti Aut ). In the center are the administrative offices of Vera Cruz (Central Dili; Sucos: Caicoli , Colmera , Dare , Lahane Ocidental , Mascarenhas , Motael , Vila Verde ) and Nain Feto (East Dili; Sucos: Acadiru Hun , Bemori , Bidau Lecidere , Gricenfor , Lahane Oriental , Santa Cruz ). To the east of the city is the rural administrative office of Metinaro (Sucos: Wenunuc , Mantelolão , Sabuli ).
The administrative center of the municipality is in Caicoli. The city of Dili extends over several administrative offices of the municipality. Other settlements in the municipality are in Dare (Vera Cruz administrative office), Hera (Cristo Rei) and Metinaro (Metinaro). The land rises rapidly from the coast, so most of the landscape is mountainous. Lake Tibar , one of the few larger lakes in East Timor, is located near the western border . There are three small salt lakes in Tasitolu . They are a designated Important Bird Area . Likewise the Areia Branca at the east end of the Dili Bay and the entire island of Atauro. The Important Bird Area Curi extends from the east into the municipality of Dili. After two beaches, 30 kilometers of lagoons and mangroves join the coast east of the capital, home to a small population of saltwater crocodiles, the national animal of East Timor .
The municipality's rivers, like the Rio Comoro , like most others in north Timor, do not carry water during the dry season, while even the capital, Dili, suffers from flooding during the rainy season.
Dili's climate is typical of the north coast of East Timor. In the dry season, temperatures of over 35 ° C are reached, at night the thermometer drops to 20 ° C. In the rainy season the temperature is around 27 ° C. The annual average is 26.7 ° C. Rain almost only falls in the rainy season from late November to April. The average annual rainfall is 1000 mm.
Localities and waters in the municipality of Dili
Road network and topography Dilis
Climate diagram of Dili
Climate diagram of Dili
Residents
The community has 277,279 people (2015, 2011: 245,873 people), more than any other community in the country. Accordingly, the population density is also greatest here with 761.51 inhabitants per square kilometer. The administrative offices of Nain Feto, Dom Aleixo, Cristo Rei and Vera Cruz are densely populated, while Atauro and Metinaro, both with 66.2 inhabitants per square kilometer, are sparsely populated. The average age is 20.8 years (2010) and thus well above the national average of 18.8.
Between 1990 and 2004 the number of inhabitants grew annually by 2.53%, between 2001 and 2004, due to the strong immigration from other parts of the country, by as much as 12.58%. In 2004, each woman in Dom Aleixo had an average of 4.51 children (lowest value nationwide), the number rose to over 5.02 children in Nain Feto, 5.04 in Vera Cruz, 5.35 in Atauro and 7.02 children in Metinaro, except for 7.16 children per woman in Cristo Rei (national average 6.99). In 2002, child mortality in Atauro was 103 deaths per 1000 live births (1996: 94), in Metinaro 96 (111), in Nain Feto 69 (77), in Cristo Rei 68 (107), in Vera Cruz 66 ( 83) and in Dom Aleixo at 56 (76). The national average was 98.
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While the official language Tetum is the dominant language on the coast (the dialect Tetum Prasa used as the official language is spoken here), the national language Mambai is often spoken in the interior of the municipality and in Metinaro , which was the dominant language of the region in the 18th century . 83.4% speak Tetum as their mother tongue, 4.0% Mambai. In Hera and Becora Leten , the subdialect Lolein is also used (568 inhabitants, 0.2%), which is a variant of Isní . It was introduced there by immigrants from Turiscai in the 19th century . The national language Wetar is spoken on the island of Atauro, which is called Atauru in East Timor (2.6%).
Immigration from other parts of the country is greatest in Dili. Only 54% of the population were born in the parish. Dili is a melting pot where all ethnicities of East Timor meet. 0.5% of the population speak Baikeno , 1.1% Bunak , 0.6% Fataluku , 0.6% Galoli , 0.8% Kawaimina dialects, 0.9% Kemak , 0.2% Makalero , 2 , 9% Makasae , 0.2% Tokodede and 0.1% Idalaka dialects in addition to Lolein. The municipality of Dili has the largest group of residents with Bahasa Indonesia as their mother tongue in East Timor (0.7%). In addition, most of all Portuguese (0.4%) and three quarters of all Chinese (0.2%) native speakers of East Timorese live here . There are also around 400 native English speakers (0.1%). If the second languages are also taken into account, in 2015 96.8% spoke Tetum, 70.0% Bahasa Indonesia, 51.4% Portuguese and 36.0% English .
In 2004, 93.3% of the population were Catholics , 4.5% Protestants , 1.1% Muslims , 0.5% followers of the traditional, animistic religion of Timor , 0.2% Buddhists and 0.1% Hindu. The 2015 census recorded 95.82% Catholics, 3.18% Protestants, 0.61% Muslims, 0.13% Buddhists, 0.06% Hinduists and only 0.05% animists.
Due to the high immigration of jobseekers from all over the country, there are on average between 106 and 108 men for every 100 women in most administrative offices. Only on Atauro is the ratio balanced.
In 2015, 47.4% of residents aged three or over attended school. 36.5% had left school. 14.9% have never attended school, which is only half the national average. 3.5% of Dili's residents only attended pre-school, less than a quarter only attended primary school. Secondary schools have completed 37% of the population. 18.4% have a diploma or a degree; Here, too, the numbers are significantly better than the national average. The illiteracy rate was 5.4% in 2015 (women: 4.4%; men: 5.3%). In 2004 it was still 25.8%.
| Education | Graduation | ||||||||||
| at school | Finished school | never in a school | Preschool | primary school | Pre- secondary |
Secondary | Diploma / University of Applied Sciences |
university | No graduation | ||
| Women | 47.0% | 35.4% | 16.3% | 3.4% | 22.5% | 12.6% | 25.5% | 1.0% | 16.2% | 0.6% | |
| Men | 47.8% | 37.4% | 13.5% | 3.5% | 24.2% | 11.9% | 25.0% | 1.0% | 18.6% | 0.4% | |
| total | 47.4% | 36.5% | 14.9% | 3.5% | 23.3% | 12.2% | 25.3% | 1.0% | 17.4% | 0.5% | |
history
In 1520 the Portuguese founded the settlement Dili in the bay of the same name. From October 10, 1769, after the Portuguese were expelled from Lifau, it became the capital of the colony. During the rebellion of 1861 , the city was threatened by the rebellious Timorese. The attackers could be repelled. During the revolt of the Moradores in 1887 , the city fell into total terror. In 1912 another attack on Dili could be repulsed during the great Manufahi rebellion . Atauro was used by the Portuguese to banish political prisoners from Portugal, Timor and other colonies.
On the night of February 19-20, 1942, Japanese troops landed in Dili and occupied the neutral colony until 1945.
After the Carnation Revolution in 1974, the colony was supposed to be prepared for independence, but when left-wing FRETILIN dominated , civil war and street fights broke out in Dili in 1975 and the conservative UDT . Portugal's last governor, Mário Lemos Pires , fled to Atauro. The FRETILIN emerged victorious from the fighting, but in the meantime Indonesia had gradually begun to occupy the border region. In view of the threat, FRETILIN hoped for international support and therefore declared East Timor independent from Portugal on November 28, 1975 . Nine days later, on December 7th, Indonesian forces openly began invading the country and occupying mainland Dilis. Atauro was not occupied by the Indonesians until December 30th. A guerrilla war of decades between the Indonesians and the Timorese resistance movement FALINTIL followed . On June 10, 1980, FALINTIL units attacked a television station on the outskirts of the capital Dili. After the raid, Indonesia began using Atauro as a prison island and resettlement camp. In 1982 there were 4,000 prisoners living here. The camp was not closed again until 1986. On November 12, 1991, a massacre by Indonesian soldiers after a burial in the Santa Cruz cemetery claimed over 200 lives.
District President (Bupati) 
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| Mário Sanches da Costa (formerly FRETILIN) | May 1976-1984 |
| Raimundo Sarmento ( UDT ) | 1984-1989 |
| Armindo Soares Mariano ( APODETI ) | 1989-1994 |
| Domingos Maria das Dores Soares | 1994-1999 |
Administrador 
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| Jacinto Tinoco | 2000-2001 |
| Ruben João Braz de Carvalho | 2001–2007 (?) |
| Jaime Correia | around 2012 |
| Gaspar Soares | current (as of 2014/2019) |
After the independence referendum on August 30, 1999, the violence escalated. When the results in favor of independence were published on September 4th, pro-Indonesian militias marched through Dili, pillaging and murdering. 67 people died, around half of the buildings were damaged; in some sucos it was up to 90%. The total number of buildings destroyed is given as 7165. Metinaro was particularly badly affected. Reports from Dare spoke of indiscriminate killing. Only the remote Atauro was spared from the riots.
On September 20, 1999, the first units of the international peacekeeping force INTERFET landed at the airport near Dili. After a few days, the reaction force had the situation completely under control. Most of the militias had already withdrawn to the western part of the island. The United Nations took over the administration of the country. On May 20, 2002, East Timor was granted independence with Dili as the capital.
The desertion of a large part of East Timor's armed forces led to the worst unrest since independence in 2006 . At the height of the unrest, the East Timor government called the Australian- led International Stabilization Force into the country to restore peace and order. It was also followed by a UN police mission . Gang fights shook the city and the then district for years afterwards. Most of the time, youth gangs from the western and eastern parts of the country met violently. In 2008 the gangs agreed on a peace agreement through the mediation of the Catholic Church. Since then, the incidents have greatly decreased and the 30,000 refugees within Dilis have been able to begin returning to their homes.
In 2014, the districts across East Timor were transformed into "parishes" and the sub-districts into "administrative offices".
politics
Dominos Soares was Indonesian government president (Bupati) of Dili during Indonesia's Operation Donner in 1999.
The administrator Dilis is appointed by the state government in Dili. In 2000 Jacinto Tinoco was still determined by the UN administration . The former administrator Ruben João Braz de Carvalho (2001 - 2007?) Was sentenced to three and a half years in prison in 2011 by the then Dili District Court. He was charged with mismanagement, abuse of office and embezzlement of $ 21,800 for private purposes. Jaime Correia held the office in February 2012 . The current administrator is Gaspar Soares (as of February 2014/2019).
In the elections to the constituent assembly , from which the national parliament later emerged, FRETILIN in Dili received the most votes with 66.05%, as elsewhere in the country. In the early elections in 2018 , the Aliança para Mudança e Progresso (AMP) received 55.3% of the vote.
economy
According to the 2010 census, 36% of all residents who are ten years or older work (national average: 42%). 8% are unemployed (5%). 26.2% of households practice arable farming, 50.1% cattle breeding (as of 2010). There is fishing on the coasts. Some rice is grown in Metinaro and on the Rio Comoro (1% of all households in the municipality of Dili), there are fruit trees in the mountains and the inhabitants have small kitchen gardens in the city. Of all households in the municipality, 15% grow coconut palms, 10% vegetables, 3% coffee, 17% manioc (production 2008: 1,129 t) and the same number of maize (1,885 t). The main pets people keep chickens (69,310 in 34% of households) and pigs (28,571, 36%). In addition, goats (14,486, 10%), cattle (3,597, 2%), water buffalo (1,467, 1%), sheep (1,784, 1%) and horses (1,430, 1%). With 48%, more Timorese work in service areas (e.g. administration, hotel industry and transport) than in any other municipality in the country.
Dili is the most important port city in East Timor. Ferries connect the city with Atauro and the East Timorese exclave Oecusse . In Hera there is a fishing port and the country's naval base. Another military base in the country is in Metinaro. The airport Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport in Comoro is used for both civilian and military. Buses connect the capital with other places in the country. Better developed overland roads lead through Dili along the coast from west to east and south in the interior towards Aileu.
Two municipal radio stations broadcast from the municipality: Lorico Lian (FM 100.5 MHz) and Rakambian (FM 99.5 MHz). There is also the English language channel M3 Radio FM 88.8 Dili , the national public broadcaster Radio Nacional de Timor Leste (RTL), the Catholic station Radio Timor Kmanek RTK and the FRETILIN transmitter radio Maubere (FM 99.9 MHz).
Web links
- District profile 2013 (tetum; PDF)
supporting documents
- Ministry of State Administration and Territorial Management
- Dili District Development Plan 2002/2003 (English; PDF; 460 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Direcção Nacional de Estatística: 2010 Census Wall Chart (English) ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.7 MB)
- ↑ Tony Wheeler, Xanana Gusmao, Kristy Sword-Gusmao: East Timor. Lonely Planet, London 2004, ISBN 1-74059-644-7
- ↑ a b Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Timor-Leste in figures 2011 (PDF; 3.8 MB) ( Memento from February 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 5, 2013
- ^ The Languages of East Timor: Some Basic Facts ( January 19, 2008 memento in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ District Priority Tables: Dili 2004 ( Memento from 20131113165150) (PDF; 13 MB)
- ↑ Census of Population and Housing Atlas 2004 ( Memento of November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 14 MB)
- ↑ History of Timor - Technical University of Lisbon ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 824 kB)
- ↑ "Part 4: Regime of Occupation" (PDF; 563 kB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
- ↑ Masters of Terror: Domingos Maria das Dores Soares ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 27, 2017.
- ↑ NOTIFICATION ON THE APPOINTMENT OF EAST TIMORESE DISTRICT ADMINISTRATORS AND DEPUTY DISTRICT ADMINISTRATORS. (PDF) Retrieved March 15, 2019 .
- ↑ TIMORESE TAKES OVER AS DILI DISTRICT ADMINISTRATOR. Retrieved December 27, 2015 .
- ^ Diario Nacional, August 9, 2011, Dili District Court decides to jail Braz three years and six months
- ↑ Website of the government of East Timor: MoJ publishes the land maps for the Nain Feto and Vera Cruz sub-districts, Dili district ( Memento of November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Descentralização Administrativa na República Democrática de Timor-Leste: Dili , accessed on February 7, 2014
- ↑ Tatoli: Administrasaun Munisipiu Dili Prioritiza Setor Importante Tolu , May 14, 2019 , accessed on May 14, 2019.
- ↑ Lurdes Silva-Carneiro de Sousa: Some Facts and Comments on the East Timor 2001 Constituent Assembly Election ( Memento of October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) ( RTF ; 199 kB), Lusotopie 2001: pp. 299–311.
- ↑ CNE: Munisipios , accessed May 30, 2018.
- ↑ a b c Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Suco Report Volume 4 (English) ( Memento from April 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 9.8 MB)
- ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Timor-Leste in Figures 2008 ( Memento of 7 July 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.7 MB)
- ↑ ARKTL - Asosiasaun Radio Komunidade Timor-Leste (English)
Coordinates: 8 ° 34 ′ S , 125 ° 34 ′ E
The administrative borders within East Timor changed in 2015. This article must therefore be checked and updated if necessary. See New Administrative Boundaries .