Schleswig Cathedral School
| Schleswig Cathedral School | |
|---|---|
|
|
| type of school | high school |
| founding | before 1307 |
| address |
Koenigstrasse 37 |
| place | Schleswig |
| country | Schleswig-Holstein |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 54 ° 30 '51 " N , 9 ° 33' 26" E |
| student | 993 (as of 2019/2020) |
| Teachers | 74 |
| management | Paul Auls |
| Website | www.domschule-sl.de |
The cathedral school Schleswig is a grammar school with an old-language branch in Schleswig . It was first mentioned in a document in 1307 and is therefore the oldest school in Schleswig-Holstein , one of the oldest schools in Northern Europe and one of the oldest schools in the entire German-speaking area .
history
The cathedral school as a training center for clerical youngsters in the Middle Ages
The history of the Schleswig Cathedral School is closely linked to that of the Schleswig Cathedral . With the construction of the first cathedral of was after the founding diocese Schleswig by I. Emperor Otto started in 947th The foundation stone for today's St. Petri Cathedral was laid in 1134.
Little is known about the medieval school at Schleswig Cathedral due to the lack of primary sources. Historians assume that it existed as early as the 11th century, with a high degree of probability from 1096 at the latest, when the cathedral chapter was established as an advisory council for the bishop . It was first mentioned in a document in 1307: In her will, Cecilia Litle left a few marks of silver to the scholars at St. Peter's Cathedral that year.
Since the focus was exclusively on the training of young church workers, basic skills in reading and writing Latin texts in particular were the subject of the lessons, combined with teaching biblical and theological content. It was certainly not a general school for the citizens of Schleswig.
The cathedral school as a school for scholars at the time of the Reformation
This changed with the Reformation of Martin Luther , which in northern Germany was mainly promoted by Johannes Bugenhagen . In connection with the ideas of humanism , the need arose in the 16th century to enable parishioners to get ad fontes - to the sources - of church and ancient texts. In addition to community schools, Latin schools and schools for scholars should now also be open to laypeople so that they can have a qualified say in theological discussions in their communities. In addition to Latin, Greek as the original language of the New Testament and Hebrew gained a place in the program of high schools. At the same time, these schools should prepare for studying at the increasingly numerous universities.
The attempt to build on Bugenhagen's church ordinance of 1542 in the 16th century from the Schleswig Cathedral School as Paedagogicum publicum , a joint state university for Schleswig-Holstein , was not crowned with success. The division of land between King Christian III. with his half-brothers Hans and Adolf I. 1544 prevented the implementation of this plan, as each of the three dukes preferred their own higher school. It was not until 1557 that the reformation-humanist accents were also implemented at the Schleswig Cathedral School with the school regulations of the cathedral school rector Michael Stanhufius . However, it was not developed into a school of scholars.
The cathedral school as a preliminary stage to the Schleswig-Holstein state university
It was not until 1808 that the then general superintendent Jacob Georg Christian Adler, as church school supervisor, succeeded in implementing a school reform that turned the cathedral school into a "scholarly school" recognized by the standards of the time, but which differed in many ways from the Prussian " grammar school " that was being developed at the same time . In 1814 the state took over the school supervision of the scholars' schools from the church - the cathedral school Schleswig and the Christianeum in Altona were directly subordinate to the Danish crown. Preparing for university studies was now clearly a task for these schools.
The cathedral school during the German-Danish wars
The revolution of 1848 meant for Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark in particular the open outbreak of the nationality conflict in the Elbherzogtümern . A look at the well-known cathedral students of this time shows that a considerable number of the main actors of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein freedom fighters came into contact with each other during their high school days. The school suffered badly from the consequences of the Schleswig-Holstein survey . The number of pupils fell from 135 (1847) to 27 (Easter 1851) and then only recovered slowly.
After 1850/51, when the Schleswig-Holstein survey of membership in a German nation-state failed for the time being, there were intensive attempts from Copenhagen to "danish" the cathedral school. For example, when new teachers were recruited, Imperial Danes were clearly preferred to German applicants from the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and for the first time Danish was made the language of instruction alongside German and Latin and the old class names (Oberprima, Secunda, etc.) were removed. Furthermore, over three-quarters of the previous college was replaced at the instigation of Copenhagen.
The Royal Prussian Cathedral School
When Schleswig-Holstein became a Prussian province in 1864/1866, the old class designations were reintroduced and Latin / German were reintroduced as the only language of instruction. Finally, there was also a spatial separation from the cathedral. A new, prestigious building was built on Königstrasse for the now royal Prussian cathedral school, which was to herald the demands of the new rulers. In 1869 the old cathedral school building (Süderdomstrasse 15) was given up: 285 students moved into the 10 new classrooms on Königstrasse.
Little was left of the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt , who had initiated the development of the Prussian grammar school at the beginning of the 19th century with the aim of training independent thinking personalities and citizens. In grammar school classes too, notions of drill and obedience have prevailed, at least the then cathedral director Keck fears.
The State Cathedral School in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich
After the end of the First World War and the November Revolution in 1918, the "Royal Cathedral School" became the "State Cathedral School". The years of the Weimar Republic were characterized by intense debates about reform pedagogical approaches such as "work lessons" .
From 1933 the school had to deal with the demands of the Nazi regime . Of course, the cathedral students (almost all) became members of the Jungvolk and HJ . There were staunch National Socialists among the teachers. On April 20, "Führer's birthday" was celebrated with the Horst Wessel song and poems. But at the graduation ceremony for the high school graduates, only songs from the Protestant hymn book were on the program.
In 1937 the old-language grammar school branch was closed by order of the government. The cathedral school became - with a corresponding change in the curriculum - "German secondary school". However, the then director Heinrich Theune managed to reactivate the old language branch in the middle of the war in 1941.
The cathedral school as a grammar school in the present
From 1946 onwards, after the building had been misappropriated as a hospital , the school could take place again on a regular basis. The cathedral school was now the "State High School for Boys and Gymnasium".
A number of larger and smaller extension projects between 1950 and 1970 bear witness to the change in the school in the post-war period. For years, provisional pavilions had supplemented the space available. In 1957, the 650th anniversary of the first documentary mention was celebrated. With the 1972/73 school year, the introduction of co-education brought new challenges to the cathedral school, which was unsettled by the radiation of the 1968 unrest. But the introduction of the reformed upper level (at that time still "study level") in 1978 did not let the school go under, just like the change of sponsorship in 1982: Now the state cathedral school became a "high school of the city of Schleswig for boys and girls with old language Branch".
In 2007, the 700th anniversary was finally celebrated with a festive ceremony in Schleswig Cathedral, which was preceded by the one-year academic lecture series Non scholae, sed vitae discimus of former cathedral students.
In 2009 the school's own canteen was finally built and put into operation in order to meet the requirements of a grammar school with open all-day courses with over 30 voluntary working groups.
building
St. Petri as the original seat of the school in the Middle Ages
Originally, the cathedral school was located in the Romanesque Sankt-Petri-Dom , the construction of which began in 1135 and which was completed around 60 years later, in the old town of Schleswig.
Around 1220/1230 the canons' sacristy was built on the north transept. This room initially served the cathedral chapter as a meeting room and sacristy , and after 1567 as a lecture hall for the cathedral school.
After the Reformation , it was converted into a princely crypt as a burial place for the Gottorf dukes . The tomb for Duke Friedrich III. is a work by the Flemish sculptor Artus Quellinus I from 1654 and "the first evidence of the Quellinus Baroque in the country".
The Hattensche Hof as the seat from 1806 to 1869
After there was no longer enough space in the cathedral, the cathedral school moved into the Hattenschen Hof in Süderdomstraße, which was built at the end of the 16th century on the site of the Schleswig Dominican monastery , which was laid down in 1560 . The first owner was Hofrat Johann Philipp von Hertinghausen , who moved into the building in 1602.
The Hattensche Hof got its name from Councilor Johann von Hatten , who took it over from the first owner and in whose family it remained for over 100 years. From 1720 to 1805 the building was then used as an orphanage, from 1806 to 1869 the cathedral school was finally housed here. Then the Prussian State Archives and the Prussian Building Department moved in. Today the building belongs to the Schleswig-Holstein State Building Administration.
Königstrasse has been the seat of the cathedral school since 1869
In 1869, the cathedral school finally moved into its current headquarters on Königstrasse. This represents a building ensemble in the neo-Gothic style, which is characteristic of the townscape of the Schleistadt Schleswig.
On May 1, 1867, the foundation stone was laid, among others in the presence of Lieutenant General von Manstein and the royal district president Freiherr von Zedlitz. The then cathedral provost Hansen gave the sermon.
The planning of the school building began in the early 1860s (start of earthworks: March 1866, laying of the foundation stone: May 1, 1867, inauguration: October 12, 1869, school operation from October 13, 1869, construction costs: 103,000 marks, house director: 25,700 marks ). The first concrete plans by the Kiel architect Gustav Ludolf Martens from March 1865 were intended for the Michaelisfeld and were based closely on the reorganization of the school system in Schleswig-Holstein in the 19th century on a Prussian basis with corresponding building regulations.
The royal building inspector Johann Friedrich Holm was responsible for the building supervision and approval, who did not agree with the building site and in part with the building plans of Martens.
Martens then asked for his complete design back. Holm did not meet this requirement until February 1866 and submitted his own building designs to the decision-maker, the governor of the Duchy of Schleswig, Edwin von Manteuffel , although these were largely based on Martens' plans. Von Manteuffel approved Holm's plans and ordered the construction to be carried out at the current location (then named Lüsingsche's property or Domziegelhof). The permit dates from August 20, 1866.
In accordance with his authority, Holm commissioned the young master builder Eberhard Hillebrand to carry out the construction. Hillebrand employed the master masons Jessen and Jürgensen as well as the master carpenter Lundt as subcontractors. Hillebrand, with Holm's permission, introduced his own elements into his design, which are essential for the view of the school. Later the school building was supplemented by several new construction projects (new classrooms, language laboratory, computer rooms, etc.) in order to meet the modern demands of recent times.
In addition to classrooms and cross-vaults, columns and ornaments - mainly used by the upper school - the old building also includes an imposing school auditorium, in which all internal school festivities such as school enrollment, school leavers discharges and school balls are celebrated and which regularly serves as a location for exhibitions and performances, as well as a reception hall with eight major memorials of the fallen in the wars Domschülern (131 in the First and 295 in world war II ) and under protection of monuments murals by the artist in January Let .
In the inner courtyard of the school there is a pavilion and a fishing fountain with an almost life-size bronze statue of a fisherman.
Library
The cathedral school library contains over 4,000 titles, mainly from the 18th and 19th centuries. The groups with the most extensive holdings are Greek (each comprising writers and philology, approx. 500 titles), Latin (600 titles), German (400 titles), Danish (350 titles), English (300 titles), German history (220 Title), Schleswig-Holstein history and regional studies (150 titles), history of non-German peoples and states (180 titles), theology (430 titles), pedagogy, teaching (320 titles), mathematics (200 titles), other natural sciences (200 titles) , plus about 150 school books from all areas.
The library of the Schleswig Cathedral School also has around 15,000 school programs in Prussian schools, originally from the Provincial School College, which was also based in Schleswig.
As the accommodation was considered in the school building to be inadequate, the school handed over in 1981 most of their high school library to the Provincial Archives of Schleswig-Holstein , which also is based in Schleswig and in what henceforth separately the Domschulbestand and according to the old classification is established the Domschul Library .
Student associations of the cathedral school
The student union of the cathedral school
The cathedral school had had its own student association for several decades since at least 1850 . The members of this Secundaner association wore ribbon and hat as a color , as they were based on the German student associations . At the special exhibition for the 700th anniversary of the cathedral school, an exhibition room in the specially set up museum near the Schleswig Cathedral and thus the original school seat dealt with this school connection and showed, among other things, a ribbon and cap as well as a Kommers book of the connection. The number of active members of the association dwindled over time, so that the association had to suspend in the meantime.
The Domschulruderclub
The cathedral school has also had its own rowing club (DRC) for over 100 years, the clubhouse of which is located directly on the Schlei and has its own jetty and several racing boats.
Founded in 1906 as a student rowing team (SRR) and accepted as a corporate member in the youth department of the Domschulruderclub eV in 1968, the student rower of the Domschulruderclub eV is currently the largest rowing team in Schleswig-Holstein with over 100 members . It offers students of the cathedral school from the 5th to the 13th year an interesting leisure offer in addition to the normal training with rowing camps, beginner weekends, hiking trips and barbecuing together.
In addition, there is the close cooperation with the regional trainer team and the rowing internat in Ratzeburg , which also shows top rowers prospects for success. Rowers of the DRC and SRR regularly achieve successes in prestigious boat classes (e.g. the silver medal at the U-23 world championships in 2005 and 2006, a world championship title in the 1996 junior eight, numerous victories at state championships and repeated podium places at the EON Hanse- Cup in Rendsburg and the German championship title at the U-17 championships).
Current quality assessment of the cathedral school
Competence center for gifted students
In 2011, the cathedral school was one of the ten schools in Schleswig-Holstein that were awarded the certificate of “Competence Centers for the Promotion of Talented Students ” by the Ministry of Education.
The evaluation of the cathedral school in the Pisa study
In addition, the cathedral school performed far better than other German grammar schools in the international PISA studies with over 600 points (as of 2010) and also significantly better than the average of the international comparable grammar schools.
Well-known teachers of the cathedral school
The cathedral school's teaching staff included the following historical figures: Poul Cypræus (1536–1609), Joachim Rachel (1618–1669), Johannes Jonsius (1624–1659; Rector 1656), Daniel Hartnack (1642–1708), Zacharias Stampeel ( 1654–1731), Jacob Georg Christian Adler (1756–1834), Jacob Philipp Albrecht Jungclaussen , (1788–1860, Rector from 1837 to 1855), Christian Friedrich Callisen (1777–1861), Wilhelm Olshausen (1798–1835), Friedrich Lübker (1811–1867), August Mommsen (1821–1913), Carsten Redlef Volquardsen (1824–1875), Julius Langbehn (1851–1907), Hermann Eickhoff (1853–1934), and Paul Holz (1883–1938).
Cathedral students
- Christian Kortholt the Elder (1633–1694), professor of theology at the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel
- Jacob Alberts (1860–1941), professor of art, painter
- Georg Asmussen (1856–1933), writer
- Waldemar Augustiny (1897–1979), writer
- Adelbert Heinrich von Baudissin (1820–1871), writer and founder or co-founder of the “City of Heilbrunn” in the USA
- Georg Beseler (1809–1888), professor of law at the universities of Basel, Rostock, Greifswald and Berlin, politician (member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement / casino parliamentary group), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly, vice-president and member of the Prussian mansion as well as a member of the Reichstag
- Wilhelm Beseler (1806–1884), politician (member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement / casino parliamentary group), member of the Schleswig assembly of estates, member and vice-president of the Frankfurt National Assembly, president and governor of the provisional government of Schleswig-Holstein from 1848 to 1851
- Friedrich Bluhme (1797–1874), professor of law at the Universities of Halle, Göttingen and Bonn
- Johann Adrian Bolten (1742–1807), Lutheran theologian, historian, writer and Bible translator
- Karl Nikolai Jensen Börgen (1843–1909), astronomer and geophysicist
- Hans-Otto Borgmann (1901–1977), composer and music teacher
- Nicolaus Theodor Boysen (1797–1885), pastor, 1848–1851 member of the Schleswig-Holstein state assembly.
- Jörgen Bracker (* 1936), director and professor of the Museum of Hamburg History
- Johann Bröker (1806–1890), politician (deputy of the clergy), member of the Holstein assembly of estates, Evangelical Lutheran theologian and provost
- Johann Leonhard Callisen (1738–1806), Protestant theologian and general superintendent of Holstein
- Asmus Jacob Carstens (1754–1798), classicist painter
- Johannes Christiansen (1809–1854), professor of law at the University of Kiel, politician (member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement), member of the Holstein assembly of estates
- Udo Corts (* 1955), politician (CDU), member of the State Parliament of Hesse, State Secretary in the Ministry of the Interior of the State of Hesse, Minister for Science and Art in Hesse
- Jürgen Drews (* 1945), pop singer
- Hans-Uwe Erichsen (* 1934), Professor of Law and Rector of the University of Münster, Former President of the German Rectors' Conference
- Rudolph Reichmann (1821–1908), pioneer of the German press in the USA
- Karl Esmarch (1824–1887), professor of law at the Universities of Cracow and Prague
- Johannes Ewald (1743–1781), Danish poet
- Berend Wilhelm Feddersen (1832–1918), physicist
- Jakob Friedrich Feddersen (1736–1788), cathedral preacher at Brunswick Cathedral and provost in Altona
- Asmus Finzen (* 1940), professor of psychiatry at the University of Hanover, science journalist
- Anton Franzen (1896–1968), politician (NSDAP), member of the German Reichstag, Braunschweig State Minister for the Interior and National Education
- Johannes Gaye (1804–1840), art historian
- Hans Holtorf (1899–1984), theater founder, writer and painter
- Ferdinand Hucho (* 1939), professor of biochemistry at the Universities of Konstanz and Berlin, member of the board of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, initiator and co-author of the First German Gene Technology Report
- Karl Heinrich Keck (1824–1895), writer and headmaster
- Fritz Jaeckel (* 1963), Saxon State Minister for Federal and European Affairs and Head of the State Chancellery
- Uwe Jensen (* 1943), politician (SPD), Member of Parliament and Vice President in the Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament, State Secretary in the Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of Justice
- Carl Jessen (1821–1889), professor of botany at the University of Greifswald
- Hauke Jöns (* 1961), Professor of Archeology at the University of Rostock
- Christian Kortholt the Elder (1633–1694), professor of Greek and Protestant theology at the Universities of Rostock and Kiel
- Hans Kudszus (1901–1977), writer and aphorist
- Georg Johann Theodor Lau (1813–1873), Protestant clergyman and church historian
- Walter Prüschenk von Lindenhofen (1857–1916), politician (FRP - Free Conservative Party), member of the German Reichstag
- Uwe Jens Lornsen (1793–1838), pioneer of a unified German Schleswig-Holstein
- Heinrich Lysius (1670–1731), professor of theology and rector at the University of Königsberg
- Gothart Magaard (* 1955), Evangelical Lutheran theologian, bishop for the Schleswig and Holstein district of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
- Nicolaus Mattsen (1847–1924), politician (NLP - National Liberal Party), member of the Prussian House of Representatives and member of the German Reichstag
- Christian Karl Meissner (1801–?), Theologian and author
- Kay Nehm (* 1941), lawyer, retired federal prosecutor D.
- Norbert Nieszery (* 1960), politician (SPD), member of the state parliament of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Berthold Otto (1859–1933), reform pedagogue and founder of the private school in Berlin-Lichterfelde
- Christian T. Petersen (* 1963), linguist and military historian
- Ulrich Petersen (1656–1735), lawyer and historian of Schleswig-Holstein history
- Heinrich Philippsen (1858–1936), Schleswig-Holstein local researcher
- Dierk Puls (1913–1994), writer and Germanist
- Edvard Rambusch (1846–1934), politician (Denmark), member of the Upper House of the Reichstag
- Karl Friedrich Lucian Samwer (1819–1882), professor of law at the University of Kiel
- Eckhard Sauerbaum (* 1938), mayor of Kiel
- Ludwig Schmahl (* 1943), professor of law at the Federal University of Applied Sciences, head of the master's degree in "European Administrative Management", Catholic deacon
- Wilhelm Alexander Schwollmann (1734–1800), Protestant theologian
- Günter H. Seidler (* 1951), Professor of Medicine at Heidelberg University
- Magnus Friedrich Steindorff (1811–1869), politician (member of the German-minded Schleswig-Holstein movement / Hereditary Imperial Party), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Hermann Tast (1490–1551), reformer
- Gustav Ferdinand Thaulow (1817–1883), professor of philosophy at the University of Kiel and founder of the Thaulow Museum
- Nikolaus Thomsen (1803–1872), Protestant theologian
- Hans-Hermann Tiedje (* 1949), journalist, a. a. Former editor-in-chief of “Bild” and “Bunte”, advisor to Federal Chancellor H. Kohl, TV presenter, CEO of WMP EuroCom
- Marcus Tönsen (1772–1861), professor of law at the University of Kiel
- Ekkehard Winterfeldt (1932–2014), professor of chemistry at the University of Hanover, former president of the Society of German Chemists and member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
- Heinrich Wolff (1909–1975), politician (CDU), member of the Schleswig-Holstein state parliament
literature
- Georg Reussner (Ed.): Cathedral School Schleswig 1307 - 2007 . Schleswig Cathedral School, Schleswig, 2007.
- Joachim Skierka: The cathedral school Schleswig and its directors 1864 - 1964. A century of cathedral school history , 2nd edition, Schleswiger Dr.- u. Verl.-Haus, Schleswig 1988 (Contributions to the history of the city of Schleswig, Volume 32).
- The Hamburger Abendblatt about the cathedral school
- Collection of articles about the cathedral school in the state newspaper of Schleswig-Holstein
- Thomas Otto Achelis: From the history of the Schleswig Cathedral School 1682-1721 , in: Yearbook of the Angler Heimatverein vol. 20 (1956) pp. 104–125.
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel
- ^ Journal of Classical Studies 1854, Col. 64
- ^ Ludwig Adolf Wiese: The higher school system in Prussia: historical-statistical representation, Volume 2, Berlin 1869, p. 344
- ↑ Program ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the anniversary (pdf, accessed October 4, 2015)
- ^ Hartwig Beseler: Kunst-Topographie Schleswig-Holstein Neumünster 1974, p. 679
- ↑ http://www.domschule-sl.de/verwaltung/files/schulprogramm.pdf?PHPSESSID=0fa8d699a26dc2b45eedc56662c2b9d7 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.shz.de/artikel/ein-hauch-von-harry-potter.html
- ^ Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein, Department 200, No. 664
- ↑ http://bildungsklick.de/pm/79110/neuer-schwung-in-der-begabtenfoerderung-bildungsminister-dr-ekkehard-klug-zeich-kompetenzzentren-aus/
- ↑ 16 countries 16 school systems and it gets even more colorful. (No longer available online.) In: www.shz.de. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 31, 2020 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
